Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is frequently associated with DIC. 15 patients affected by AAA were studied to evaluate the risk of consumption coagulopathy and the efficacy of daily low-dose calcium heparin prophylaxis. The coagulation parameters investigated showed a postoperative decrease of AT III activity levels and platelet count the other laboratory tests did not show any significant modifications. Low dose heparin was effective in preventing coagulation activity or thrombotic episodes. No thromboembolic complications were observed, except nonfatal myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Consumption coagulopathy and low-dose heparin in the surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: a study of fifteen cases. 322 79

A previous study that used high-resolution video (VEC-DIC) microscopy to examine axonal growth cones of Aplysia giant neurons growing in culture had demonstrated that growth occurs by the extension of veils of membrane between filopodia and the subsequent morphological transformation of these veils, in place, into the swollen, organelle-filled central region of the growth cone and then into the cylindrical axon. The possible involvement of Ca2+ in this sequence of events was now examined using VEC-DIC microscopy. Reduction of [Ca2+]o from the normal level of 11 to 1.3 mM or below or the addition of 20 mM Co2+, which blocks Ca2+ channels, caused a large decrease in the area of immature veil (flat and with few organelles) in the growth cone within minutes. Ba2+, 20 mM, which flows well through Ca2+ channels, and 5 microM A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, caused new immature veil to form in the presence of reduced [Ca2+]o. Maturation of veil into central region was not inhibited by reduced [Ca2+]o. In fact, the disappearance of immature veil was often the result partly, or entirely, of continued veil maturation in the absence of formation of new veil. The next step in maturation, conversion of the central region to cylindrical axon, was also probably not inhibited by reduced [Ca2+]o. Ca2+ was microapplied to large growth cones that had lost their veils by exposure to reduced [Ca2+]o. There was a strong tendency for the first, or only, incidence of veil formation to occur near the micropipette, the rest of the perimeter of the growth cone remaining quiescent. It is concluded that intracellular Ca2+ plays a role in veil formation and that the site of the Ca2+-dependent step is close to the site of veil formation. If this step is exocytosis, veil forms where there is net addition of membrane. Whether a change in [Ca2+]i, rather than some other factor, normally directly triggers veil formation remains uncertain, but, if it does, then the site of formation, which will strongly influence the direction of axon growth, is probably determined by focal changes in [Ca2+]i within the growth cone.
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PMID:Local role of Ca2+ in formation of veils in growth cones. 324 45

Protein C and protein S serve as natural anticoagulants. Deficiencies of these proteins are often associated with recurrent deep vein thrombosis and coumarin induced skin necrosis. These two proteins function by selectively inactivating factors Va and VIIIa, two of the "cofactors" of blood coagulation. Hence, inhibition of coagulation by this pathway complements the better known inhibition mediated by the antithrombin III-heparin system. These observations suggest that protein C and/or activated protein C may prove useful in controlling thrombosis and/or DIC. We have developed a Ca2+ dependent monoclonal antibody which allows the rapid isolation of human protein C. This rapid isolation has allowed us to demonstrate that activated protein C can protect baboons from the lethal effects of E. coli/endotoxin and that protein C supplementation can minimize fibrinogen consumption following tissue factor infusion into dogs.
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PMID:Protein C, isolation and potential use in prevention of thrombosis. 330 68

Platelet consumption is a prominent feature of disseminated intravascular coagulation. We investigated whether monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) might play a role in platelet consumption associated with gram-negative septicemia. Human mononuclear cells exposed in vitro to lipopolysaccharide demonstrated parallel dose-dependent increases in PCA and ability to induce platelet aggregation. Induction of platelet aggregation required the generation of thrombin dependent on coagulation Factors VII, X, and II, and calcium. This is consistent with monocyte tissue factor initiating thrombin generation. A specific monoclonal antimonocyte antibody was used to identify monocytes via indirect immunofluorescence, and demonstrated that all monocytes were included in platelet aggregates. Mononuclear cells that did not express PCA did not induce platelet aggregation and monocytes were not surrounded by platelet clumps. These data suggest that monocytes induced to express tissue factor on their surface may be important mediators of endotoxin-induced platelet, as well as fibrinogen, consumption.
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PMID:Human platelet aggregation is initiated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in vitro. 353 97

Acute leukemias with high white blood count have a poor immediate prognosis and the treatment must be started within the first hours following diagnosis. It is necessary to prevent and to treat the severe metabolic disorders observed during induction treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with WBC greater than or equal to 100,000/mm3. We analysed all the metabolic disorders in a retrospective study of 45 patients in order to determine their adequate prevention and treatment. Prevention of hyperuricemia and of secondary renal failure is now possible with urate oxidase, allowing an aggressive and rapid induction. Hyperkalemia can be prevented by urinary alkalinization and hyperphosphoremia with hypocalcemia by high dose intravenous calcium therapy. Renal failure is often transitory and functional. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is treated by heparin and platelets infusion and severe hyperglycemia requires insulin therapy.
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PMID:[Acute hyperleukocytic lymphoblastic leukemia (greater than or equal to 100,000 leukocytes/mm3). Metabolic changes during induction treatment. Study, prevention and treatment]. 385 53

From the pre-natal follow-up it was remarkable that cases have been admitted relatively late. Hints to a possible development of preeclampsia could be seen from patients history or the routine check up, for example the registration of edema, fetal growth retardation and oligohydramnios. For early diagnosis of preeclampsia we recommend: Calculation of mean arterial blood pressure or its non-invasive measurement; determination of hematocrit, uric acid and total plasma protein (in particular hemorheologic measurements). Hypomagnesemia in preeclampsia, as described by some authors, was also seen in our cases. The complex symptomatology of preeclampsia could be attributed to a generalised disturbance of microcirculation, which leads to definite reactions of the organs concerned. The microcirculatory failure is caused by vasoconstriction, hemoconcentration, hyperviscosity and hypercoagulation (up to DIC and consumption coagulopathy). The resulting symptoms and syndromes can be: EPH, HELLP, hemolytic-uremic Syndrome, hepato-renal Syndrome, thrombocyte and antithrombin III deficiency etc. The drug of choice for treatment of preeclampsia is magnesium sulfate. Its application is based on long-term clinical experience and new aspects on the physiologic and pharmacologic role of magnesium. The recommendations of the German High Blood Pressure League to use calcium antagonists as a basis in the treatment of high blood pressure can be fulfilled particularly in pregnancy by the physiologic calcium antagonist Mg++. Magnesium sulfate should be given in a dosage of 24-72 g daily. The dose should also be made dependent from urinary output. Further treatment patterns of preeclampsia should be adjusted according to each case. The present results also support our hypothesis that magnesium deficiency (besides predisposing factors) could be responsible for the development of preeclampsia (present model shown in detail). Consequently, the early and long-term substitution of magnesium in pregnancy could help reduce preeclampsia.
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PMID:[Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of pre-eclampsia]. 404 84

Hyperthermia is a totally different modality from existing treatment modalities. Systemic hyperthermia (S-HT) is effective against advanced tumors which make resistance to conventional cancer therapies. In S-HT, it is essential and very important to manage cardio-pulmonary function in good condition. Especially, PEEP (about 7 cm H2O) is very effective to prevent lung edema. Fifty-four patients with a variety of neoplasms were subjected to S-HT, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. S-HT was performed under general anesthesia by using extracorporeal circuit in corporating a heat exchanger. Usually, S-HT was given for 4-8 hours with 41.5-42.0 degrees C at 2 weeks intervals. Out of 25 evaluable cases, response was obtained in 11 cases (44%) including 2 cases of complete response. Cardio-pulmonary performance was evaluated using a flow directed pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz catheter). At treatment temperature, all patients showed hyperdynamic conditions and developed a two-fold mean increase in cardiac index. Altogether 172 treatment sessions were associated with sinus tachycardia and a reduction in diastolic pressures. Laboratory abnormalities included thrombocytopenia without sign of D.I.C., moderate hyperglycemia, mild degree of hypophosphatemia, hypolcalemia and transient elevations in liver enzymes. Serum creatinine levels were elevated in all treatment sessions without elevation of serum BUN. Serum levels of calcium and magnesium were stable. All of abnormalities and toxicities were decreased within 1 to 2 weeks after treatments. It is suggested that with carefully monitored conditions S-HT be performed safely without heart failure.
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PMID:[Clinical practice of systemic hyperthermia therapy and physiological responses of the host]. 687 Feb 90

Twelve dogs with lymphosarcoma and hypercalcemia were treated over a period of 36 months. Signs and laboratory findings were referable to hypercalcemia and azotemia. All dogs were staged, classified histologically, and given cytoreductive chemotherapy, using 5 drugs (vincristine sulfate, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, L-asparaginase and prednisone). For azotemia, symptomatic therapy (0.9% NaCl solution and furosemide) was given. Seven dogs responded completely, with marked reduction of lymphadenopathy and return of serum calcium concentration to normal. Median duration of remission in this group was 48 days (range, 14 to 93), and median survival time was 112 days (range, 85 to 153). Five nonresponding dogs had less than 50% reduction in measurable tumor mass, although serum calcium concentration returned to normal. The median survival time for this group was 34 days (range, 23 to 68). Two of the nonresponders died from sepsis and another from disseminated intravascular coagulation. Response to therapy did not appear to be influenced by age, breed, sex, initial calcium concentration, degree of azotemia, or histologic classification.
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PMID:Chemotherapeutic responses in dogs with lymphosarcoma and hypercalcemia. 689 39

Acute necrotizing (hemorrhagic) pancreatitis was induced in 12 dogs by infusing oleic acid into their pancreatic ducts. There were decreases in blood pH, complement, antithrombin III, blood platelets, 24- and 48-hour plasminogen, and 24-hour haptoglobin and modest decreases in serum albumin. There were increases in fibrinogen, 48- to 120-hour haptoglobin, and 96-hour and 120-hour plasminogen and prolongations of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. The latter 2 changes together with decreases in antithrombin III, platelet numbers, and complement were indicative of consumption coagulopathy. A clinically innocuous but statistically significant decrease in serum total and ionized calcium despite significant acidosis was noted. This indicates that serum total and ionized calcium is helpful in making the diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Methemalbuminemia of 6 mg/dl at 24 hours and 7 mg/dl at 48 hours indicates that methemalbuminemia is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic finding in association with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
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PMID:Biochemical and coagulation changes in a canine model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. 725 99

To facilitate functional studies of novel myosins, we have developed a strategy for characterizing the mechanochemical properties of motors isolated by immunoadsorption directly from small amounts of crude tissue extracts. In this initial study, silica beads coated with an antibody that specifically recognizes the tail of myosin-V were used to immunoadsorb this motor protein from brain extracts. The myosin-containing beads were then positioned with optical tweezers onto actin filaments nucleated from Limulus sperm acrosomal processes and observed for motility using high resolution video DIC microscopy. The addition of brush border spectrin to the motility chamber enabled the growth of stable actin filament tracks that were approximately 4-fold longer than filaments grown in the absence of this actin crosslinking protein. The velocity of myosin-V immunoadsorbed from brain extracts was similar to that observed for purified myosin-V that was antibody-linked to beads or assessed using the sliding actin filament assay. Motile beads containing myosin-V immunoadsorbed from brain extracts bound poorly to nucleated actin filaments and were incapable of linear migrations following the addition of a different antibody that specifically recognizes the motor-containing head domain of myosin-V. Myosin-V motility was most robust in the absence of Ca2+. Interestingly, skeletal muscle tropomyosin and brush border spectrin had no detectable effect on myosin-V mechanochemistry. Myosin-V containing beads were also occasionally observed migrating directly on acrosomal processes in the absence of exogenously added actin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:In vitro motility of immunoadsorbed brain myosin-V using a Limulus acrosomal process and optical tweezer-based assay. 761 69


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