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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypercoagulability and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are characterized by the presence of circulating fibrin monomer complexes in plasma. In 342 patients with possible DIC fibrin monomers, fibrinogen, Reptilase Time, antithrombin III and other coagulation parameters were determined at frequent intervals. Testing of soluble fibrin monomer complexes was performed using a sensitive and reliable hemagglutation assay with red cells sensitized by fibrin monomers (FM-Test) and the ethanol gelation test (EGT). Method comparison regarding the influence of fibrinogen levels and fibrin degradation products shows that high fibrinogen levels lead to false-positive results with EGT. The same effect is observed for fibrin degradation products and EGT whereas no influence of fibrinogen level and fibrin degradation products on the FM-Test occurs. It is well-known that during DIC AT III level decreases caused by proteolytic activity. In this study it could be shown that fibrin monomer increases parallel to the decrease of AT III. The same effect does not occur due to fibrin degradation products.
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PMID:Detection of soluble fibrin monomer complexes. Comparison of a haemagglutination assay with the ethanol gelation test. 246 16

Quantitative modifications of beta-naphthol, ethanol, and protamine sulfate tests are described, which are based on spectrophotometry of the formed precipitate. The findings have demonstrated a correlation between these tests' results and the plasma fibrinogen concentration. It is recommended that the paracoagulation test parameters be estimated with consideration for fibrinogen level. The results of measurements of the plasma fibrin monomer soluble complexes in 13 donors and in 72 patients with blood diseases and hemostasis are presented. The results permit a conclusion that these tests used alone or in various combinations are sufficiently sensitive, specific, and informative for the examinations of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation; combined use of three paracoagulation tests has been found to be optimal.
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PMID:[Determination of soluble complexes of fibrin monomers in plasma taking into consideration the fibrinogen level]. 248 1

Acute pancreatitis in North-East Scotland from January 1983 to December 1985 was examined. The criteria for diagnosis were a serum amylase greater than 1000 units/l with a consistent clinical presentation, or acute pancreatitis confirmed at laparotomy or post mortem. All serum amylase assays were performed in one regional laboratory. The commonly used diagnostic coding search for pancreatitis yielded only half the cases found. We identified 378 episodes of acute pancreatitis (196 males and 182 females). The mean annual incidence for first attacks of acute pancreatitis was 242 per million of the population. The commonest aetiology was biliary tract disease (30 per cent of males and 53 per cent of females). Alcohol related pancreatitis occurred in 26.5 per cent of males but only 3 per cent of females. Complications included 26 pseudocysts, 11 pancreatic abscesses, 9 patients with respiratory failure, 11 patients with renal failure and 6 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Epidemiology and outcome of acute pancreatitis. 359 36

Blood platelets were assayed in 56 cirrhosis patients divided into two groups: alcoholic cirrhosis (20 cases) and non-alcoholic cirrhosis (36 cases). Each group was also divided into two sub-groups: with and without clinical signs of portal hypertension. Low platelet counts were found in both groups (greater than 70%), the incidence being high in the sub-group with clinical signs of portal hypertension. Alcohol appeared to have no influence on the development of platelet insufficiency which was rather correlated with the severity of the hepatopathy, the presence of splenomegaly (splenic sequestration), immunological factors, (presence of circulating antiplatelet antibodies) and "consumption" phenomena (significant incidence of circulating FDP, and indicator of chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation).
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PMID:[Thrombopenia and cirrhosis. Study of 56 cases]. 367 Jun 96

The informative value of each of 15 laboratory indices (the amount of platelets, their factor 4 (PF-4), antithrombin III (AT III), fibrinogen and its degradation products (FDP), ethanol and protamine sulfate tests (ET, PST), plasminogen, the eucaryne test, etc.), most commonly used now in laboratory practice for the diagnosis of the DIC syndrome was assessed using mathematical methods relating mainly to the theory of pattern recognition. Basic and alternative algorithms of the recognition of the DIC syndrome which could be used with a minor error (less than or equal to 2.5% and less than or equal to 7-10% respectively) irrespective of the type, form and stage of this syndrome both in the automated system and in a common variant, were developed. Their testing was successfully implemented in a large group of patients with symptoms of the DIC syndrome (770 persons). Indices of the platelet amount, FDP, PF-4,ET and PST possessed the utmost informative value, and close functional ties were particularly noticeable between elevated FDP and lowered platelets. Optimum combinations of the diagnostic indices were presented and substantiated with relation to the potentialities of different types of laboratories.
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PMID:[Diagnostic criteria in the DIC syndrome and their validation using modern mathematical methods]. 378 83

A 22-month-old female infant with an accidental methanol poisoning is presented. Her serum methanol level was 25 mg/dl. The clinical and biochemical features were as follows: coma, hyperventilation, metabolic acidosis, paralytic mydriasis, hypoglycemia, increased anion and osmolal gap, DIC, elevated CPK and LDH, anemia and abnormal EEG. She was treated with bicarbonated solutions and continuous infusion of ethanol. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this poisoning is herein revised. DIC and enzymatic alterations are specially remarked.
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PMID:[Accidental methanol poisoning in an infant girl. Physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment]. 380 Jan 75

Tests generally accepted in the diagnosis of DIC were evaluated in 13 patients with multiple trauma. The blood samples were drawn on admission before treatment with blood, blood products or heparin. The tests included platelet count, prothrombin complex (Normotest/Thrombotest), Factor V, Factor VIII:C, fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), thrombin and Reptilase times as well as the ethanol gelation test (fibrin monomer). Based on the results of the tests, the patients were categorized into DIC, suspected DIC and no DIC groups. It was found that those patients who were referred to the DIC group were also those who later developed the most severe organ dysfunction and who stayed the longest time in the Intensive Care Unit. Thus, the clinical and laboratory findings agreed. The Normotest/Thrombotest ratio, thrombin times and Reptilase times, and presence of fibrin monomers were of limited value for the diagnosis of DIC. To make a correct diagnosis, the results of several of the conventional tests had to be combined. Additional tests were then evaluated. An increase of the fibrinopeptide A (FPA) level and the Factor VIIIR:Ag (vWF:Ag)/Factor VIII:C ratio in all the DIC patients as well as a decrease of the antithrombin (AT) level in some DIC patients indicated thrombin activity and a risk of thromboembolic events. A decrease of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin indicated activation of the fibrinolytic system. It is concluded that these new tests are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of DIC and similar proteolytic states.
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PMID:Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors as well as their inhibitors in trauma. 386 16

Local injection of absolute ethanol was proven effective for hemostasis of gastrointestinal bleeding in our fundamental (Asaki et al. 1983a) and clinical (Asaki et al. 1983b) studies. The purpose of the present paper is to report the results obtained in 258 hemorrhagic foci in 152 unselected cases treated with this method at 6 major hospitals in the Tohoku area in Japan. Sixty (39%) of these 152 cases had shock symptoms due to hemorrhage. Gastric and duodenal ulcers were responsible for the hemorrhage in about 90% of the cases in which our method was applied to hemostasis. Eighty-nine (59%) of the 152 cases had some form of complications such as malignant tumors or liver cirrhosis. Hemorrhage due to postoperative stress ulcer after major surgeries including renal implantation or laryngectomy for resection of cancer was seen in 20 cases (13%). The condition of hemorrhage immediately before the treatment with our technique was classified as spouting hemorrhage for 8 foci (3%), pulsating hemorrhage for 22 foci (9%), adhesion of clot for 179 foci (69%), and hemorrhage from veins and capillaries for 49 foci (19%). In all of these cases temporary hemostasis was obtained. Rebleeding occurred in 17 cases (7%) including 5 cases in which hemostasis was successfully obtained by the repeated use of our method. In 4 of the 17 cases, in which repeated endoscopy was infeasible, emergency surgery was performed. In the remaining 8 lesions in 8 cases, new bleeding or rebleeding occurred more than 1 week after the initial hemostasis had been obtained. Six of these 8 cases died from rebleeding due to DIC syndrome. With our method complete hemostasis was obtained in 144 of 152 cases (95%) including 11 cases (7%) which underwent elective surgical operation.
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PMID:Multiinstitutional evaluation of local injection of absolute ethanol as the new hemostatic method for upper G-I tract bleeding. 388 49

Endotoxin administered intravenously to a group of four calves resulted in disseminated intravascular coagulation. A sublethal dose of piromen, a commercially available Pseudomonas spp endotoxin, was used. Serial measurements of total plasma fibrinogen, soluble fibrin levels, ethanol gelation tests, protamine sulfate tests, fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (FR-antigen) and prothrombin and thrombin times were done.Initial depression of plasma fibrinogen with a nadir of about 40% of pre-endotoxin levels at eight to 11 hours post-endotoxin (+8 to +11 hours) followed by an overcompensation to 180% at +60 to +108 hours was shown. Soluble fibrin was demonstrated in plasma from +2 to +22 hours with a peak of 100-114 mg/100 ml at +4 to +9 hours. Positive plasma ethanol gelation and protamine sulfate tests, as well as the presence of serum FR-antigen, occurred consistently following endotoxin administration. Significant increases in prothrombin times (PT) from +4 to +40 hours and in thrombin times (TT) from +4 to +16 hours were demonstrated. The peak increase of PT at +8 to +10 hours was 180%. The peak increase of TT at +6 to +9 hours was 260-290%.
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PMID:Endotoxin induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in cattle. 427 65

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis developed in 5 of 405 patients who underwent renal transplantation. All five patients were taking immunosuppressive medication (azathioprine and steroids). Three patients also received rabbit antithymus serum. Alcohol ingestion or cholelithiasis did not play any causative role in the pancreatitis, which began between 7 days and 13 months after renal transplantation. The delay from the time of admission for pancreatitis to surgical exploration was a mean of 17 days. Operative findings included pancreatic necrosis, hemorrhage and abscess formation. All five patients died of the complications of necrotizing pancreatitis--persistent sepsis, respiratory and renal failure, upper gastrointestinal bleeding and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This review demonstrates that prolonged conservative therapy in renal transplant patients with necrotizing pancreatitis is associated with high mortality. The authors believe that earlier surgical intervention will lead to increased survival.
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PMID:Necrotizing pancreatitis in renal transplant patients. 618 Aug 18


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