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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In states of plasmic hypercoagulability and consumption coagulopathy ethanol favours the non-enzymatic polymerization of circulating soluble fibrinogen fibrin monomer complexes (FFMC) in vitro. The ethanol-gelation test of Godal and Abildgaard makes use of this phenomenon, called paracoagulation. The present studies show that it is also possible to visualize soluble FFMC by means of ethanol-gelation. In the electron microscope, FFMC, polymerized non-enzymatically by ethanol in the spleen, are characterized by plump or slender mycelioid fibrillar precipitates that show a uniform rhythmic transverse striation, a period-coincidental filamentary arrangement and an average periodicity of 23 nm. The ultrastructure demonstrates these ethanol-induced filaments to be in vitro-polymerized fibrin monomer derivatives. Paracoagulation with ethanol allows the identification of soluble FFMC in the tissue prior to the formation of highly polymerized fibrin-rich microthrombi, the established equivalents of the DIC-syndrome. The electron microscope studies also show the existence of a second type of fibrillary structure in the tissue polymerized by ethanol. This second type lacks the characteristic periodicity of fibrin and the period-coincidental arrangement of the filamentary structures, but is characterized by closely packed or chain-like aligned, irregularly sized spherical bodies. There is some evidence that these spherical bodies in vitro represent non-enzymatically polymerized complexes of fibrin monomers and fibrin degradation products (FDP), the equivalent of a limited local or generalized fibrinolysis in vivo.
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PMID:Identification of soluble fibrinogen fibrin monomer complexes by non-enzymatic polymerisation in the tissue. 14 78

In November 1976, a 52 year old woman presented with a Moschowitz syndrome with clinical manifestations of continuous fever at 39 degrees and a transient Wernicke type aphasia. Laboratory findings included schizocytosis, a peripheral thrombocytopaenia and functional renal insufficiency. The ethanol tests was positive but there was no frank defibrination syndrome. After corticosteroid therapy failed, the patient was treated with Dipyridamole 400 mg/24 hours IV and acetylsalicylic acid 4 g/24 hours IV. Fever disappeared on the same day and the thrombocytopaenia was corrected in 48 hours. The patient was considered to be cured 15 days later. No precise aetiology to explain the Moschowitz syndrome was discovered apart from the recent ingestion of oestrogens. The authors emphasise the considerable progress which this use of a combination of Dipyridamole and aspirin represents, resulting in the cure of Moschowitz syndrome, a condition considered to be fatal up until a few years ago.
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PMID:[Moschowitz's disease: efficacy of anti-platelet aggregation agents]. 20 23

This report concerns 20 patients with intrauterine fetal death. Blood samples for coagulation studies were obtained before, during and after delivery. No clinical defibrination or bleeding was noted. Coagulation defects were observed as follows: 2 biological defibrinations: The first case was a pregnancy of 32 wk with retention for more than 12 wk; hypofibrinogenemia was noted in all 6 samples, between 180 and 280 mg/100 ml. The second was a pregnancy of 32 wk with retention for more than 8 wk; fibrinogenemia was between 170 mg/100 ml and 140 mg/100 ml. 2 intravascular coagulations with normal fibrinogenemia, increase of fibrin degradation products and positive ethanol tests. 3 cases with slight coagulation defects that were difficult to explain. The coagulation defects appeared to be transient, and sometimes resolved themselves spontaneously. Induction of labour was made in 19 cases; quinine sulfate, used in 17 cases, was remarkably successful (1 intolerance, 1 failure). Study of the half-life of [125I]fibrinogen was made in 18 of the 20 cases. On average, it was reduced by half in comparison with the half-life of healthy men. The decrease was noted even in cases of fetal deaths without the coagulation defects detected by classical tests. The half-life of [125I]fibrinogen in 6 pregnant women before therapeutic abortion was also studied. The decrease of half-life was noted. Changes of metabolism of fibrinogen during pregnancy are discussed.
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PMID:Fetal death: coagulation defects and management. Report of 20 cases with study of the half-life of [125I]fibrinogen. 26 51

Strenuous physical exercise leads to a significant shortening of blood clotting in various test systems. Such short times are also characteristic of those observed in sedentary patients with thrombosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation, and of those observed in experimental animals after thrombin infusion. The patients exhibit an increase in circulating fibrinopeptide A, which is attributed to thrombin action on circulating fibrinogen, and to an increase of fibrinogen degradation products, which is thought to indicate reactive fibrinolysis. To check whether physical exercise leads to fibrinemia, 10 healthy male volunteers were subjected to strenuous exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken immediately before and on completion of the exercise period. Despite a significant shortening of the activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin time, and the Reptilase time, no increase of fibrinopeptide A could be demonstrated and the ethanol gelation test remained consistently negative. Simultaneously, the euglobulin lysis time was significantly shortened, whereas the fibrin(ogen) degradation products did not increase. The results indicate that the shortening of the coagulation times associated with physical exercise must be explained by mechanisms other than thrombin-mediated conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
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PMID:Lack of fibrin formation in exercise-induced activation of coagulation. 43 23

Blood coagulation studies showed there was a pronounced thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia in Holstein calves infected with Trypanosoma congolense TREU 112. There was also ineffective thrombopoiesis characterized by an increased megakaryocytic mass, reduced uptake of 35S-methionine into peripheral blood platelets and a normal platelet lifespan. There was an increased uptake of isotopic label into fibrinogen and a shortened half life indicating a consumptive error with increased peripheral use of fibrinogen. No consistent abnormalities were found in ethanol gelation, partial thromboplastin time, clot retraction and lysis or plasminogen assay. Fibrin split products were rarely detected. These findings suggest that in the chronic form of bovine trypanosomiasis there is a partially compensated consumption coagulopathy.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of Trypanosoma congolense infection in calves. IV. The kinetics of blood coagulation. 44 53

A coagulation screen consisting of measurement of the prothrombin time, thrombin time, kaolin caphalin clotting time, platelet count, plasma fibrinogen level, fibrin degradation products and ethanol gelation test was performed on 24 patients with impairment of consciousness due to acute diabetic metabolic decompensation at the start of treatment and 24 hours later. 22 out of 24 patients showed at least one coagulation abnormality on admission of which the commonest were a prolonged prothrombin time, shortened kaolin cephalin clotting.time and raised plasma fibrinogen level. After 24 hours of treatment these values were more normal but 20 out of 22 patients still displayed some abnormality. 15 patients had two or more coagulation abnormalities on admission including 3 patients with haematological abnormalities suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This group was older and had higher blood ureas than those with fewer abnormalities, but plasma glucose, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate levels were similar in both groups of patients. All 5 patients with hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma and all 3 patients who died without recovering consciousness had two or more coagulation abnormalities on admission.
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PMID:Coagulation abnormalities in diabetic coma before and 24 hours after treatment. 53 72

Testing for soluble fibrin complexes was performed using a sensitive and reliable haemagglutination assay, with red cells sensitized by fibrin monomers. The principle is based on the fact that the monomers linked to red cells and induce their agglutination. This test, used in clinical trials, has revealed the presence of soluble complexes in every confirmed case of acute DIC, but also in Chronic DIC where diagnosis is difficult to establish (negative ethanol gelation test, normal or sub-normal levels of fibrin breakdown products). In Cirrhosis of the liver, the test gives positive results in a non negligible number of cases. Several hypotheses are made to explain why in certain confirmed cases of DIC, low fibrin breakdown products levels are found.
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PMID:[The detection of soluble fibrin complexes by a haemagglutination test. Clinical applications (author's transl)]. 60 Jul 51

Pregnancy termination by the intraamniotic injection of hypertonic saline may result in coagulation defects. This complication seems to be uncommon with prostaglandins. The present study was designed to elucidate any possible effects of prostaglandin administration on coagulation parameters in patients with fetal death in utero. Labour was induced in 20 cases of intrauterine fetal death by either intravenous (11) or intramuscular (9) administration of Sulprostone. Normotest, thrombin clotting time, ethanol fractionation, fibrinogen level and platelet count were obtained in each patient prior to and immediately after drug administration. Although retention of the fetus for as long as 84 days was recorded (mean 14 days), no patient presented with abnormal clotting parameters. Prostaglandin induction was successful in all 20 cases. After explosion of the fetus, coagulation parameters were not significantly different from pretreatment values. Estimated blood loss never exceeded 500 cc. It is concluded that intramuscular or intravenous administration of Sulprostone for induction of labour in fetal death in utero does not affect the clotting system nor trigger off disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:[Blood coagulation parameters in prostaglandin-induced labour after intrauterine fetal death (author's transl)]. 67 15

Coagulation studies (plasma fibrinogen, ethanol gelation test, and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product concentration) were done in 150 patients who were admitted after blunt head injury. Results were abnormal in 60 patients and were found to be correlated with the level of consciousness and with the presence of neurological signs. Many of these patients had fractures, but findings in a control group of 26 patients with major fractures without head injury indicate that fractures were not of paramount importance in causing clotting changes. Conclusive evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation was found in 12 patients. Cases with a fatal clinical course were mostly associated with very high fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product concentrations. Some case histories are reported, confirming the hypothesized correlation between coagulation results and brain tissue destruction rather than brain compression. It was concluded that some degree of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with blunt head injury occurs more often than expected and that coagulation studies might have both diagnostic and prognostic value.
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PMID:Head injury and coagulation disorders. 68 97

Twenty-five patients with acute pancreatitis were studied prospectively in the first week of their admission using haematological and coagulation tests. Platelet counts initially fell and later returned to admission levels. Rising levels of plasma fibrinogen were recorded. The kaolin cephalin clotting time was shorter than its control in twenty-one patients. Eighteen patients had elevated fibrinogen degradation products and fourteen had a positive ethanol gelation test. It is suggested that by taking into account the results in series of individual patients a degree of intravascular coagulation may be a common feature of acute pancreatitis. In one patient (presented in detail) strong evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation was found
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PMID:Haematological abnormalities in acute pancreatitis. A prospective study. 88 29


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