Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antitumor agents 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) and 5-[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-triazenyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide (BIC) are substrates for NADPH-requiring microsomal enzymes of mouse liver. The products of DIC oxidation are 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC) and formaldehyde. Those for BIC are AIC and, presumably, 2-chloroacetaldehyde. For DIC, the reaction has a pH optimum of 9.0; and the Michaelis constant (Km) is 0.25 mM. At lower pH values, the Km is not greatly increased; but there is a sharp rise in the Km values above pH 9.0. For the enzyme-catalyzed production of AIC from BIC, the pH optimum is 7.5; the Km value for BIC is 0.47 mM. Of a variety of tissues tested for enzymatic activity, only liver accomplishes the conversion of DIC and BIC to AIC. Most of the activity in the liver is located in the microsomal fraction, although detectable activity is present in washed mitochondria. For liver microsomes, the rate of reaction for BIC is greater than that for DIC, but apparently neither rate is fast enough to allow extensive metabolism of large doses of these agents.
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PMID:Microsomal metabolism of triazenylimidazoles. 24 85

Although formalin ingestions have previously been reported in the literature, technology has only recently been developed to measure both formaldehyde and formate levels in plasma. Methanol, formaldehyde, and formate levels were followed in the case reported here until the patient's death approximately 13 h after the ingestion. The clinical course was marked by an initial profound CNS depression followed by an apparent clinically quiescent period. Severe abdominal pain and retching preceded the development of seizures, DIC, severe hypotension, and cardiac arrest. Methanol levels rose throughout this 13-h course. Formate and formaldehyde levels increased until bicarbonate and ethanol therapy were instituted. The "fixing" of the stomach by formaldehyde may have produced delayed absorption following formalin ingestion. Therapeutic implications are discussed.
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PMID:Formate levels following a formalin ingestion. 232 60

We report the first direct demonstration that the cytoplasmic transport of organelles and vesicles (collectively called particles) takes place along microtubules. Living keratocytes from the corneal stroma of the frog, Rana pipiens were observed with Allen video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy [Allen et al, 1981]. In sufficiently thin regions of these cells a network of linear elements was visible. When particles were observed in motion, they always moved along these linear elements. The linear elements remained intact and in focus on the microscope when lysed in a cell lysis solution that stabilized microtubules. Preparations were then fixed in formaldehyde, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), incubated with rabbit antitubulin, washed with PBS, stained with rhodamine-conjugated goat antirabbit, and washed with PBS. The extracted cells continued to remain in place and in focus on the microscope throughout these procedures. The same cells were then observed using epifluorescence optics and a silicon-intensified target (SIT) video camera. A network of fluorescent linear elements was seen to correspond in number, form, and position to the linear elements seen in the live AVEC-DIC image. Taken together, the AVEC-DIC and fluorescence microscopy observations prove that the linear elements along which particles move are microtubules (MTLEs). The observed particle speeds, pause times, and distances moved varied widely, even for the same particle on the same microtubule. Particles were also observed to switch from one microtubule to another as they were transported. The polarity of the microtubules did not seem to affect the particle direction, since particles were observed to move in both directions on the same MTLE. When not in motion these particles behaved as if anchored to the microtubules since they showed negligible Brownian motion. Finally, it was observed that an elongate particle could move onto two intersecting linear elements such that it was deformed into an inverted "Y" shape. This indicates that there may be more than a single site of attachment between the force generator and the particle.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic transport in keratocytes: direct visualization of particle translocation along microtubules. 660 92

A previously healthy man accidentally swallowed 20 to 50 ml of Formalin (25%). Relevant clinical findings after the accident were: severe metabolic acidosis, severe disseminated intravascular coagulation and renal failure. He died 7 hours after formaldehyde ingestion-presumably from toxic pulmonary oedema. Relevant post-mortem findings were: massive pulmonary damage (toxic oedema), leather-like thickening of the gastric wall and multiple subendocardial haemorrhages. The treatment of formaldehyde poisoning is briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Accidental fatal formaldehyde poisoning]. 688 Feb 8

Dicamba O-demethylase is a multicomponent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the herbicide 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) to 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA). The three components of the enzyme were purified and characterized. Oxygenase(DIC) is a homotrimer (alpha)3 with a subunit molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa. FerredoxinDIC and reductaseDIC are monomers with molecular weights of approximately 14 and 45 kDa, respectively. EPR spectroscopic analysis suggested the presence of a single [2Fe-2S](2+/1+) cluster in ferredoxinDIC and a single Rieske [2Fe-2S](2+; 1+) cluster within oxygenaseDIC. Consistent with the presence of a Rieske iron-sulfur cluster, oxygenaseDIC displayed a high reduction potential of E(m,7.0) = -21 mV whereas ferredoxinDIC exhibited a reduction potential of approximately E(m,7.0) = -171 mV. Optimal oxygenaseDIC activity in vitro depended on the addition of Fe2+. The identification of formaldehyde and DCSA as reaction products demonstrated that dicamba O-demethylase acts as a monooxygenase. Taken together, these data suggest that oxygenaseDIC is an important new member of the Rieske non-heme iron family of oxygenases.
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PMID:A three-component dicamba O-demethylase from Pseudomonas maltophilia, strain DI-6: purification and characterization. 1582 Feb 13