Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Danaparoid and heparin, on the basis of anti-activated factor X (anti-FXa) activity, were equipotent in accelerating the rate of interaction of FXa and antithrombin III. In rat tissue factor-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) models, an intravenous administration of danaparoid inhibited the decrease in plasma fibrinogen and platelet counts and the increase in serum fibrinogen degradation products. Expressed on the basis of anti-FXa activity, these effects were comparable with those of dalteparin and heparin. In rat mesenteric small artery and vein, less bleeding was observed after intravenous administration of danaparoid than after dalteparin or heparin. Danaparoid did not affect adenosine diphosphate- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and showed weaker inhibitory effects on aggregation induced by thrombin, or collagen + thrombin, than did dalteparin or heparin. These findings suggest that danaparoid may be useful for the prevention of DIC and has less tendency to cause bleeding than dalteparin or heparin, probably as a result of its weaker ability to inhibit platelet aggregation.
 ...
PMID:The effects of danaparoid, dalteparin and heparin on tissue factor-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation and bleeding time in the rat. 1150 77

This prospective randomized study investigated the influence of normotensive and hypotensive general anesthesia on platelet aggregability, intraoperative blood loss and parameters of plasmatic coagulation during extensive orthognathic surgery. A total of 30 patients were randomly allocated for either normotensive anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil (NORMO, n=10) or hypotensive anesthesia, whereby hypotension was induced by increasing the infusion rate of remifentanil (HYPO-R, n=10) or by administration of nitroglycerin (HYPO-N, n=10). Whole blood platelet aggregability was significantly reduced during hypotension compared to normotensive anesthesia (P<.01, HYPO-N and HYPO-R vs. NORMO). Mean arterial blood pressure during hypotension correlated well with adenosinediphosphate- (R=.712, P<.001) and collagen-induced platelet aggregability (R=.685, P<.001). Within hypotensive study groups, postoperative fibrinogen levels were significantly different, whereas intraoperative platelet aggregability, postoperative platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and antithrombin levels were not different. Normotensive anesthesia, however, caused significant decreases in platelet count (-29%), prothrombin time (-24%), fibrinogen (-41%) and antithrombin (-28%) and a significant prolongation in activated partial thromboplastin time (+21%) and thrombin time (+18%). There was a trend to reduced intraoperative blood loss in hypotensive study groups; however, differences were not significant. In conclusion, induced hypotension--independent of substances used for induction of hypotension--reduces intraoperative platelet aggregability, subsequently protecting the coagulation system against subclinical consumption coagulopathy. Induced hypotension-caused platelet dysfunction does not lead to an increased intraoperative blood loss, but quite on the contrary shows a trend to reduced intraoperative blood loss, possibly by preventing platelet-induced subclinical consumption coagulopathy.
 ...
PMID:Influence of hypotensive and normotensive anesthesia on platelet aggregability and hemostatic markers in orthognathic surgery. 1167 80

We investigated the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) extracts on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. For this study, a single DEP sample was consecutively extracted with hexane (HEX-DEP), benzene (BEN-DEP), dichloromethane (DIC-DEP), methanol (MET-DEP), and 1 M ammonia (AMM-DEP) in that order. Residues unextracted with the last extraction solvent 1 M ammonia (UNE-DEP) were also used for experiments. To induce CIA, mice were immunized with type II collagen (CII) and 21 days later given a booster injection. DEP, each DEP extract, and UNE-DEP were intranasally administered every two days over a period of 20 days, commencing on the day of immunization. The results showed that treatment of mice with DEP, DIC-DEP, and UNE-DEP augmented both the incidence and the severity of CIA. DEP and DIC-DEP increased production of anti-CII IgG, IgG2a, and IgG1 antibodies as well as secretion of JFN-gamma and IL-4. Treatment with UNE-DEP resulted in an increase in antigen-specific IgG, IgG2a, and IFN-gamma but neither IgG1 nor IL-4. AMM-DEP failed to affect CIA as well as production of IgG2a and IFN-gamma, although significant increases in anti-CII IgGI and IL-4 were observed in the treatment group. HEX-DEP, BEN-DEP, and MET-DEP had no effects on CIA and production of antibodies and cytokines examined. Thus, DEP and DIC-DEP appear to contain compounds, which enhance both Th1 and Th2 responses, while UNE-DEP and AMM-DEP to contain chemicals, which augment Th1 and Th2 alone, respectively. Th1- but not Th2-modulating compounds from DEP, DIC-DEP, and UNE-DEP seem to influence CIA.
 ...
PMID:Effect of diesel exhaust particle extracts on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. 1190 8

In contrast to the complex, three-dimensional shape of myomeres in teleost fishes, the lateral hypaxial muscles of salamanders are nearly planar and their myosepta run in a roughly straight line from mid-lateral to mid-ventral. We used this relatively simple system as the basis for a mathematical model of segmented musculature. Model results highlight the importance of the mechanics of myosepta in determining the shortening characteristics of a muscle segment. We used sonomicrometry to measure the longitudinal deformation of myomeres and the dorsoventral deformation of myosepta in a swimming salamander (Siren lacertina). Sonomicrometry results show that the myosepta allow some dorsoventral lengthening, indicating an amplification of myomere shortening that is greater than that produced by muscle fiber angle alone (10% muscle fiber shortening produces 28.7% myomere shortening). Polarized light and DIC microscopy of isolated hypaxial myosepta revealed that the collagen fiber orientation in hypaxial myomeres is primarily mediolateral. The mediolateral collagen fiber orientation, combined with our finding that the hypaxial myosepta lengthen dorsoventrally during swimming, suggests that one possible function of hypaxial myosepta in S. lacertina is to increase the strain amplification of the muscle fibers by reducing the mediolateral bulging of the myomeres and redirecting the bulging toward the dorsoventral direction.
 ...
PMID:Morphology and mechanics of myosepta in a swimming salamander (Siren lacertina). 1248 86

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a well-known causative agent of septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The action of LPS is related to the activation of many types of cells, including blood platelets. We examined the effects of different LPSs from Proteus mirabilis (smooth form LPS S1959 and rough forms LPSs R110 and R45) and fragments of LPS structure (lipid A and polysaccharide part) on platelet adhesion to collagen in the presence or absence of the phoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K) inhibitor, wortmannin. We found that all forms of LPS and its fragments caused the stimulation of platelet adhesion to collagen, but the polysaccharide part (PS S1959) was the most important in this action. Wortmannin had no effect on LPS-stimulated platelet adhesion to collagen. We conclude that both lipid A and PS S1959 play important roles in LPS-stimulated platelet adhesion to collagen independent on the PI 3-K action.
 ...
PMID:Polysaccharide part of Proteus mirabilis lipopolysaccharide may be responsible for the stimulation of platelet adhesion to collagen. 1248 90

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a new model for investigating how the organization and movement of cell-matrix adhesion sites correlate with force generation by corneal fibroblasts on a fibrillar collagen extracellular matrix. Primary cultures of rabbit corneal fibroblasts were transfected using a vector encoding GFP-zyxin to allow visualization of adhesion sites. Cells were plated at low density on top of 100 micro m thick fibrillar collagen lattices embedded with 2 micro m diameter red fluorescent beads. Time-lapse imaging was performed at one minute intervals for up to 3 hours. At each time interval, GFP-zyxin, bead and DIC images were acquired in rapid succession using filter wheels. Cells were treated with cytochalasin D and/or Triton X-100 at the end of each experiment. The movements of adhesions and nearby matrix landmarks were measured and correlated from the time-lapse digital images, and the size, intensity and orientation of the adhesions were quantified. GFP-zyxin was detected in adhesions of transfected corneal fibroblasts as confirmed using vinculin counterstaining. Time-lapse imaging revealed extensions and retractions of cell processes and displacements of the fiduciary beads that were similar to control cells. Extending processes exhibited the most complex behavior, with new adhesions continuously forming at the leading edge while existing adhesions moved backward in a retrograde fashion. This process generated tractional forces as indicated by pulling in of the extracellular matrix in front of the cell. Interestingly, during extension, adhesions along the ventral surface of the cell body generally moved toward those at the tip, resulting in contractile-like shortening and matrix compression at the base of lamellipodia. Overall, a high correlation was found between both the magnitude (R=0.87, P<0.001) and direction (R=0.98, P<0.001) of the adhesions and nearby matrix displacements. Cytochalasin D induced rapid and reversible disassembly of adhesions, cell elongation and matrix relaxation, including decompression at the base of the lamellipodia. This new experimental model allows direct, dynamic assessment of cell-matrix interactions on a fibrillar collagen matrix. Our results are consistent with the previously described 'frontal towing' model of cell motility and demonstrate for the first time that this mechanism is employed by cells interacting with a fibrillar extracellular matrix.
 ...
PMID:Direct correlation of collagen matrix deformation with focal adhesion dynamics in living corneal fibroblasts. 1264 33

Cell mechanical behavior has traditionally been studied using 2-D planar elastic substrates. The goal of this study was to directly assess cell-matrix mechanical interactions inside more physiologic 3-D collagen matrices. Rabbit corneal fibroblasts transfected to express GFP-zyxin were plated at low density inside 100 micro m-thick type I collagen matrices. 3-D datasets of isolated cells were acquired at 1-3-min intervals for up to 5 h using fluorescent and Nomarski DIC imaging. Unlike cells on 2-D substrates, cells inside the collagen matrices had a bipolar morphology with thin pseudopodial processes, and without lamellipodia. The organization of the collagen fibrils surrounding each cell was clearly visualized using DIC. Using time-lapse color overlays of GFP and DIC images, displacement and/or realignment of collagen fibrils by focal adhesions could be directly visualized. During pseudopodial extension, new focal adhesions often formed in a line along collagen fibrils in front of the cell, while existing adhesions moved backward. This process generated tractional forces as indicated by the pulling in of collagen fibrils in front of the cell. Meanwhile, adhesions on both the dorsal and ventral surface of the cell body generally moved forward, resulting in contractile shortening along the pseudopodia and localized extracellular matrix (ECM) compression. Cytochalasin D induced rapid disassembly of focal adhesions, cell elongation, and ECM relaxation. This experimental model allows direct, dynamic assessment of cell-matrix interactions inside a 3-D fibrillar ECM. The data suggest that adhesions organize along actin-based contractile elements that are much less complex than the network of actin filaments that mechanically links lamellar adhesions on 2-D substrates.
 ...
PMID:Direct, dynamic assessment of cell-matrix interactions inside fibrillar collagen lattices. 1284 99

Higenamine (HG) is a potent cardioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Aconiti tuber which has long been used as a cardiotonic in traditional Chinese medicine. HG exerts various effects on the cardio-circulatory system inotropic and chronotropic in isolated rat atria. It also relaxes isolated rat aorta. It inhibits epinephrine, ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma. HG inhibits LPS-induced nitrate accumulation and the expression of iNOS mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells. HG lowers blood pressure in rats and increases the recovery rates in acute thrombosis model of mice, and lower the weight of thrombus formed in the arterio-venous shunt model of rats. Higenamine also has ameliorative effects in the LPS-induced DIC model.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of higenamine on the cardio-circulatory system]. 1562 Jan 76

The anti-thrombic properties of the Korean herbal medicine, Dae-Jo-Hwan (DJW), which is consisted of 11 herbs (indicated as concentrations) of Rehmanniae radix 24%, Hominis placenta 5%, Testudinis carapax 9%, Eucommiae cortex 9%, Asparagi radix 9%, Phellodendri cortex 9%, Achyranthis radix 7%, Liriopis tuber 7%, Angelicae sinensis radix 7%, Ginseng radix 6%, and Schizandrae fructus 3%, were investigated. The extracts of DJW and its 11 herbs, except G. radix, A. sinensis radix and S. Fructus, inhibited the endotoxin-induced hepatic venous thrombosis in high cholesterol diet-treated rats. Also the extract inhibited the endotoxin-induced decrease in blood platelets and fibrinogen, and endotoxin-induced increase in fibrin degradation products (FDP) on disseminated intravascular coagulation in normal rats. In in vitro experiments, the extract was shown to have inhibitory effect on collagen- and ADP-induced blood platelet aggregation, on thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and on the activity of plasminogen or plasmin. In conclusion, the protection of extracts of Korean herbs on the ischemic infarction induced artificially might be related to their inhibitory effects on DIC, platelet coagulation and thrombic action.
 ...
PMID:Anti-thrombic activity of Korean herbal medicine, Dae-Jo-Whan and its herbs. 1622 22

Serpins maintain haemostasis through regulation of serine proteinases in the thrombotic and thrombolytic pathways. Viruses encode serpins that can alter thrombotic and thrombolytic responses producing, in some cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). However, it has not been precisely defined how viral serpins induce these profound responses. The rabbit myxoma viral serpin, Serp-1 inhibits urokinase- and tissue-type plasminogen activators (uPA and tPA), plasmin and factor Xa in vitro and exhibits remarkable anti-inflammatory activity in various animal models. The effects of Serp-1 on activation of human platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes and T cells that mediate thrombosis and innate immune responses were therefore examined. We found that Serp-1 attenuated platelet and mononuclear cell adhesion to fibronectin and collagen. Serp-1 similarly inhibited monocyte migration into the peritoneum. Serp-1 inhibition of monocyte migration was lost in uPA receptor (uPAR) deficient mice. Serp-1 bound to the plasma membrane surface and altered uPA activation of endothelial cells (p=0.001), thrombin activation of platelets (p=0.021) and phorbol ester activation of endothelial (p=0.047), monocyte (p=0.011) and Jurkat T cells (p=0.012) as measured by intracellular calcium. Modulation of cellular activation was confirmed by membrane fluidity analysis. Microarray analysis of Serp-1 treated endothelial cells revealed alterations in Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type II (ITPR2) a calcium-regulating gene. This study demonstrates the unique capacity of a viral serpin, Serp-1 to modify adhesion, activation, gene expression and calcium homeostasis in a wide range of cells that regulate coagulation and inflammation. Endothelial cells potentially represent a pivotal regulatory point for Serp-1 anti-inflammatory activity.
 ...
PMID:Myxoma viral serpin, Serp-1, a unique interceptor of coagulation and innate immune pathways. 1652 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>