Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antitumor agents 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazenyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) and 5-[3,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-triazenyl]imidazole-4-carboxamide (BIC) are substrates for NADPH-requiring microsomal enzymes of mouse liver. The products of DIC oxidation are 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AIC) and formaldehyde. Those for BIC are AIC and, presumably, 2-chloroacetaldehyde. For DIC, the reaction has a pH optimum of 9.0; and the Michaelis constant (Km) is 0.25 mM. At lower pH values, the Km is not greatly increased; but there is a sharp rise in the Km values above pH 9.0. For the enzyme-catalyzed production of AIC from BIC, the pH optimum is 7.5; the Km value for BIC is 0.47 mM. Of a variety of tissues tested for enzymatic activity, only liver accomplishes the conversion of DIC and BIC to AIC. Most of the activity in the liver is located in the microsomal fraction, although detectable activity is present in washed mitochondria. For liver microsomes, the rate of reaction for BIC is greater than that for DIC, but apparently neither rate is fast enough to allow extensive metabolism of large doses of these agents.
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PMID:Microsomal metabolism of triazenylimidazoles. 24 85

Viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD) of rabbits is an acute entity with high mortality which affects adult rabbits. Several vaccines have been developed in China and extensive use of these vaccines in the field has controlled the spread of the disease. Formalin inactivated tissue vaccine induces solid immunity on the third to fourth day post vaccination and immunity lasts for at least six months. The oil-emulsion tissue vaccine which has been developed has longer lasting potency. Successful adaptation of VHD virus (VHDV) to cultured cells and preliminary immunisation will provide the possibility of large-scale production of cell-cultured virus vaccine. Passive, emergency immunisation with hyperimmune antiserum provides short-term protection of threatened rabbits as well as treatment of infected rabbits in the field. Histopathological and pathophysiological studies reveal that immune cells and organs are the most affected targets in infected rabbits; owing to the damage to the endothelial system of blood vessels, extensive disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in the parenchymal tissues. Destruction of the immune system and the occurrence of DIC lead to acute illness and sudden death post infection. Experimental immunological studies demonstrate that the induction of rapid immunity is coordinated by macrophages and T and B lymphocytes in the initial, post-immunisation stage, whereas humoral immunity plays the main role in long-term protection against VHDV infection. The positive association of post-vaccination protection with haemagglutination inhibition antibody can also be observed. Interferon probably takes effect as an anti-VHDV agent soon after vaccination.
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PMID:Vaccination against and immune response to viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits: a review of research in the People's Republic of China. 176 May 87

Although formalin ingestions have previously been reported in the literature, technology has only recently been developed to measure both formaldehyde and formate levels in plasma. Methanol, formaldehyde, and formate levels were followed in the case reported here until the patient's death approximately 13 h after the ingestion. The clinical course was marked by an initial profound CNS depression followed by an apparent clinically quiescent period. Severe abdominal pain and retching preceded the development of seizures, DIC, severe hypotension, and cardiac arrest. Methanol levels rose throughout this 13-h course. Formate and formaldehyde levels increased until bicarbonate and ethanol therapy were instituted. The "fixing" of the stomach by formaldehyde may have produced delayed absorption following formalin ingestion. Therapeutic implications are discussed.
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PMID:Formate levels following a formalin ingestion. 232 60

Burn injury causes dynamic alterations in the coagulation and fibrinolysis, and so-called DIC often occurs in burned patients. In this study the clinical significance of heparin therapy combined with antithrombin III concentrate in animal experiments and clinical experiences were discussed. The changes in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kidney function and the effect of anticoagulation therapy using heparin were investigated in rabbits with third degree burn covering 35% of the total body surface area. The animals were subjected to determinations for various kidney function tests, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis tests, blood viscosity and hematocrit value before induction of the burn and after 8 and 24 hours respectively. Thirty rabbits were divided into a non-therapy group, an intravenous infusion group, a heparin group, an antithrombin III group, and an antithrombin III plus heparin group and the results were compared among them. Oliguria and a disturbance of kidney function were noted even at hour 8 after burn in the non-therapy group. In the intravenous infusion group urine volume was maintained well although the early stage of non-oliguric renal insufficiency was noted. The changes noted in the intravenous infusion group were prevented almost completely in the heparin group at hour 8, but FENa and CH2O were elevated at hour 24 probably because antithrombin III activity was depressed markedly. In the antithrombin III group and the antithrombin III plus heparin group, however, creatinine clearance was moderately elevated while FENa and CH2O remained unchanged as compared with the values before the burn. The antithrombin III plus heparin group showed slightly better results than the antithrombin III group in Ucr/Pcr ratio, creatinine clearance and CH2O. The results of the present study indicate that it is extremely effective to initiate appropriate fluid infusion therapy immediately after a burn and administer antithrombin III concentrate in combination with or without heparin for the prevention of acute renal insufficiency in patient with a severe burn. The effects of antithrombin III concentrate when used clinically were also discussed.
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PMID:[Alteration in coagulation and fibrinolysis after burn injury and significance of anticoagulation therapy using heparin and antithrombin III concentrate]. 381 36

We report the first direct demonstration that the cytoplasmic transport of organelles and vesicles (collectively called particles) takes place along microtubules. Living keratocytes from the corneal stroma of the frog, Rana pipiens were observed with Allen video-enhanced contrast, differential interference contrast (AVEC-DIC) microscopy [Allen et al, 1981]. In sufficiently thin regions of these cells a network of linear elements was visible. When particles were observed in motion, they always moved along these linear elements. The linear elements remained intact and in focus on the microscope when lysed in a cell lysis solution that stabilized microtubules. Preparations were then fixed in formaldehyde, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), incubated with rabbit antitubulin, washed with PBS, stained with rhodamine-conjugated goat antirabbit, and washed with PBS. The extracted cells continued to remain in place and in focus on the microscope throughout these procedures. The same cells were then observed using epifluorescence optics and a silicon-intensified target (SIT) video camera. A network of fluorescent linear elements was seen to correspond in number, form, and position to the linear elements seen in the live AVEC-DIC image. Taken together, the AVEC-DIC and fluorescence microscopy observations prove that the linear elements along which particles move are microtubules (MTLEs). The observed particle speeds, pause times, and distances moved varied widely, even for the same particle on the same microtubule. Particles were also observed to switch from one microtubule to another as they were transported. The polarity of the microtubules did not seem to affect the particle direction, since particles were observed to move in both directions on the same MTLE. When not in motion these particles behaved as if anchored to the microtubules since they showed negligible Brownian motion. Finally, it was observed that an elongate particle could move onto two intersecting linear elements such that it was deformed into an inverted "Y" shape. This indicates that there may be more than a single site of attachment between the force generator and the particle.
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PMID:Cytoplasmic transport in keratocytes: direct visualization of particle translocation along microtubules. 660 92

A previously healthy man accidentally swallowed 20 to 50 ml of Formalin (25%). Relevant clinical findings after the accident were: severe metabolic acidosis, severe disseminated intravascular coagulation and renal failure. He died 7 hours after formaldehyde ingestion-presumably from toxic pulmonary oedema. Relevant post-mortem findings were: massive pulmonary damage (toxic oedema), leather-like thickening of the gastric wall and multiple subendocardial haemorrhages. The treatment of formaldehyde poisoning is briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Accidental fatal formaldehyde poisoning]. 688 Feb 8

Dicamba O-demethylase is a multicomponent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the herbicide 2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid (dicamba) to 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA). The three components of the enzyme were purified and characterized. Oxygenase(DIC) is a homotrimer (alpha)3 with a subunit molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa. FerredoxinDIC and reductaseDIC are monomers with molecular weights of approximately 14 and 45 kDa, respectively. EPR spectroscopic analysis suggested the presence of a single [2Fe-2S](2+/1+) cluster in ferredoxinDIC and a single Rieske [2Fe-2S](2+; 1+) cluster within oxygenaseDIC. Consistent with the presence of a Rieske iron-sulfur cluster, oxygenaseDIC displayed a high reduction potential of E(m,7.0) = -21 mV whereas ferredoxinDIC exhibited a reduction potential of approximately E(m,7.0) = -171 mV. Optimal oxygenaseDIC activity in vitro depended on the addition of Fe2+. The identification of formaldehyde and DCSA as reaction products demonstrated that dicamba O-demethylase acts as a monooxygenase. Taken together, these data suggest that oxygenaseDIC is an important new member of the Rieske non-heme iron family of oxygenases.
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PMID:A three-component dicamba O-demethylase from Pseudomonas maltophilia, strain DI-6: purification and characterization. 1582 Feb 13