Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with fever, ascites, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. A cervical lymph node was biopsied and diagnosed as a diffuse mixed cell type B-cell malignant lymphoma with positive cytoplasmic IgM in plasmacytoid lymphocytes and immunoblasts. Serum protein electrophoresis disclosed a monoclonal peak and immuno-electrophoresis identified the abnormal protein as IgM kappa(k). Serum immunoquantitation revealed an IgM level of 1470 mg/dl. Bence-Jones protein of the k type was positive in the urine. Cryoglobulin with the characteristics of IgM was present in the serum. In peripheral blood, hemoglobin was 12.4 g/dl, WBC 26,500/microliters with increased abnormal cells and the platelet count 2.2 x 10(4)/microliters. Low fibrinogen and high FDP levels indicated the existence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Gabexate mesilate (FOY) was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/day for the DIC with very good response. After one course of combination chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, adriamycin), he achieved complete remission. However, three months later, he showed icterus and anorexia again with high levels of serum GOT and GPT and positive HBs antigen. On the 117th hospital day, he became abruptly developed right hemiplegia and coma. Cranial CT demonstrated massive thalamic bleeding in the left hemisphere with ventricular rupture, and he died on the same day.
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PMID:B-cell malignant lymphoma associated with monoclonal macroglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemia. 315 23

Pregnancy-related acute renal failure (ARF) can include reversible tubular necrosis as well as irreversible cortical necrosis. Though pathogenetic mechanism are not fully understood, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) probably plays a primary role. We report 25 cases of pregnancy-related ARF: 13 were associated with preeclampsia or eclampsia and 12 with obstetric complications. The following parameters were studied: partial thromboplastin, prothrombin and thrombin time, fibrinogen, anti-thrombin III and FDP levels, platelet count, whole blood clot lysis time and area, fragmented red cells (schistocytes) in the blood smear, hemoglobin, aptoglobin and LDH concentrations. DIC was scored in arbitrary units ranging from 12 to 36 and related to the clinical picture, renal outcome and the treatment employed. Five patients had irreversible renal damage, while 19 recovered fully; one patient died and no renal histology was available. The DIC score did not seem to have a significant relation to the severity of renal damage.
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PMID:The role of intravascular coagulation in pregnancy related acute renal failure. 322 77

Reports in the literature on the difficulty of differential diagnosis between Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Pseudo-DIC and Primary Fibrinolysis (PF) in patients with liver disease, stimulated a study of various coagulation parameters (PT, PTT, Platelets, Fibrinogen, FDP) in 28 cirrhotic patients. The study confirmed reports in the literature on the high incidence of circulating FDP among liver disease patients. The vital role these play in maintaining alterations in haemostasis means that cirrhosis cases must be approached with extreme caution, avoiding any therapeutic or instrumental procedure liable to worsen the already disturbed coagulation pattern in such patients.
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PMID:[Evaluation of several parameters of coagulation in liver cirrhosis: disseminated intravascular coagulation or pseudo-disseminated intravascular coagulation?]. 336

Forty children, aged 1/2-14 years, with serologically proven dengue haemorrhagic fever were daily studied for hemostatic tests. There were 4, 20 and 16 cases of grade I, II III respectively. Hemostatic derangements in DHF is a multifactorial mechanism. Vasculopathy, thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction were found in most cases. Mild to moderate degree of prothrombin complex deficiency was observed in 15% and 50% of grade II and grade III respectively while laboratory evidence of consumptive coagulopathy was noted in 30% of shock cases and 10% of non-shock cases. Hypofibrinogenemia and increased PTT are commonly seen in grade III reflect the presence of stimulation of intrinsic coagulation pathway probably from immunologic reaction. Frank DIC is very rarely observed. FDP is slightly increased but not as high as in classical DIC. Further study on the role of platelet-endothelial interaction should be elucidated including the efficient management to stop bleeding in severe shock cases.
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PMID:Hemostatic derangement in dengue haemorrhagic fever. 343 65

FUT-175 is a newly synthesized serine protease inhibitor. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FUT-175 on blood coagulation and experimental DIC. The effects on coagulation were examined in vitro by measuring the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) of rat plasma in the presence of FUT-175. FUT-175 exhibited remarkable anticoagulative effects to prolong APTT at a plasma concentration of 3 x 10(-7) M, PT at 1 x 10(-5) M and TT at 3 x 10(-5) M. The anticoagulative effect of FUT-175 at 1 x 10(-6) M on APTT was almost similar to that of heparin at 0.3 U/ml or that of gabexate mesilate at 1 x 10(-3) M. Experimental DIC was induced by a four-hr sustained intravenous infusion of endotoxin. FUT-175 was administered intraperitoneally prior to the injection of endotoxin or infused intravenously with endotoxin. As a result, the prolongation of APTT and PT, the decreases of fibrinogen level, platelet counts and complement level, and the increase of FDP were remarkably improved by FUT-175. Furthermore, glomerular fibrin deposits were reduced by the infusion of FUT-175. These results indicate that FUT-175, having a potent inhibitory effect on blood coagulation, is clinically applicable to therapy for DIC.
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PMID:[The effects of FUT-175 (nafamostat mesilate) on blood coagulation and experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)]. 344 13

Recently, monoclonal antibody (DD-3B6) to fibrin D-dimer was prepared and coupled to latex beads to provide a specific test (Dimertest) for fibrinolysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Dimertest assay as a clinical laboratory test for the measurement of plasma fibrin D-dimer derivatives. The Dimer-test assay specifically detected 2 micrograms/mL of purified fibrin D-dimer or fibrin D-dimer/fragment E complex added to afibrinogenemic plasma but did not detect 500 micrograms/mL of either fibrinogen fragments X, D, E, or 160 micrograms/mL cross-linked fibrinogen. The fibrin(ogen) degradation product (FDP) assays of American Dade or Wellcome Diagnostics detected 5.0 micrograms/mL of fibrin D-dimer and from 1 to 10 micrograms/mL of the other FDPs. Twenty-eight percent of 150 random plasma samples assayed from hospitalized patients were positive for fibrin D-dimer derivatives. Plasma samples from 152 patients suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were assayed for serum FDP (Wellcome Diagnostics) and plasma fibrin D-dimer derivatives. Samples from 69% of patients with serum FDP levels less than 10 micrograms/mL, and more than 90% of those with serum FDP levels greater than 10 micrograms/mL, were positive for fibrin D-dimer derivatives. Dimertest results were not modified by heparin, streptokinase, freeze-thawing, or clotting plasma. Serum fibrinogen-related antigens were immunoadsorbed from Dimer-test positive sera by anti-fibrinogen antibody and formalin-fixed Cowan I strain Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein blotting with the use of monoclonal antibody DD-3B6 demonstrated a protein band with similar mobility to purified D-dimer. The measurement of plasma fibrin D-dimer derivatives by the Dimertest assay is a rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory test for fibrinolysis. The Dimertest assay has proven to be a useful addition to the clinical laboratory and should be helpful in the diagnosis and management of patients with diseases associated with fibrinolysis.
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PMID:Measurement of plasma fibrin D-dimer levels with the use of a monoclonal antibody coupled to latex beads. 354 76

Blood platelets were assayed in 56 cirrhosis patients divided into two groups: alcoholic cirrhosis (20 cases) and non-alcoholic cirrhosis (36 cases). Each group was also divided into two sub-groups: with and without clinical signs of portal hypertension. Low platelet counts were found in both groups (greater than 70%), the incidence being high in the sub-group with clinical signs of portal hypertension. Alcohol appeared to have no influence on the development of platelet insufficiency which was rather correlated with the severity of the hepatopathy, the presence of splenomegaly (splenic sequestration), immunological factors, (presence of circulating antiplatelet antibodies) and "consumption" phenomena (significant incidence of circulating FDP, and indicator of chronic Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation).
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PMID:[Thrombopenia and cirrhosis. Study of 56 cases]. 367 Jun 96

Serial venom antigen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 46 patients with systemic envenoming by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma), a major cause of snake bite in Southeast Asia. The principal effects of the venom are defibrination, hemorrhage and local tissue necrosis. Admission venom levels, which varied between 0 and 595 ng/ml, correlated with the incidence of spontaneous systemic bleeding, blood incoagulability and concentrations of plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrin degradation products. The presence or absence of nonclotting blood also correlated with the time elapsed between the bite and hospital admission. The development of nonclotting blood may be delayed by up to 72 hr after the bite even though circulating venom and raised FDP may be detected at presentation. This is probably explained by a temporary equilibrium between synthesis and consumption of fibrinogen. Venom antigenemia recurred in 12 patients (26%) suggesting continuous absorption of venom from the wound or saturation of extravascular binding sites. Admission venom levels also correlated with the extent of local swelling and the occurrence of tissue necrosis at the site of the bite. Venom was detected in 87% of wound aspirates and 88% of urine specimens taken on admission. Tourniquets, of the type used in rural Thailand, did not delay the absorption of venom into the circulation.
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PMID:Clinical significance of venom antigen levels in patients envenomed by the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma). 370 25

Coagulation parameters were initially monitored in 8 patients receiving whole body hyperthermia (WBH). Patients were heated by the warm water blanket technique to 41.8 degrees C (Tmax), maintained at this temperature for 2 hours, then allowed to cool. A fall in platelets was apparent by the time Tmax was achieved and continued during the 18 hours after WBH. Levels of beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) and platelet factor 4 rose by 56% and 191% by the end of treatment but returned to baseline 18 hours later. Fibrinogen, plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin levels declined and FDP and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels increased during WBH. Factor XII and Factor VIII:C fell moderately during WBH while Factors VIII R:Ag, VIII:RC and V did not change or showed a late rise. Factor VII levels fell in 7 of 8 patients, reaching levels of 30% of normal in four. To better define the sequence of these coagulations perturbations, earlier and more frequent timepoints were studied in an additional 3 patients. This revealed that decreases in fibrinogen and plasminogen and increases in FPA and BTG occur very early (by the time the patient reaches 39 degrees C). On the other hand, a decrease in Factor VII activity was not apparent until patients had reached Tmax. WBH is therefore associated with a consumption coagulopathy. Possible mechanisms are discussed and extrapolations to the situation seen in heat stroke are suggested.
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PMID:Activation of coagulation during therapeutic whole body hyperthermia. 373 68

Effect of urinary enzyme inhibitor urinastatin (MTI) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was investigated. The prolongation of PTT and increase in FDP in endotoxin-induced DIC in rats were restored by the intravenous infusion of MTI. The reduction in platelet counts, decrease in fibrinogen level and prolongation of PT were partially suppressed by the drug. Furthermore, in vitro addition of MTI prevented the decrease in r and k values and increase in ma and m epsilon values in the thromboelastogram of whole blood in endotoxin-induced DIC in rabbits. It is suggested that MTI might prevent DIC in vivo and in vitro through the inhibition of Factor XII activity and through the prevention of thromboplastin release caused by endotoxin.
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PMID:[Effect of urinastatin on disseminated intravascular coagulation]. 379 58


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