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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors carried out studies of the blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems in 15 patients undergoing total endoprosthetic replacement of the hip joint with a McKee-Ferrara type of prosthesis and stabilized by Surgical Simplex Acrylic bone cement (North Hill Plastics, Ltd. London). The observations point to statistically significant changes in the blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems with a tendency towards hypercoagulation and intravascular clotting (DIC). Fibrinolysis activation associated with these changes is secondary, resulting among others, from the mechanism of the action of free fibrin monomers.
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PMID:The effect of bone cement used for stabilization of endoprostheses on blood clotting system activity. 102 73

Eight sublines of the radiation-induced lymphoma S-1033 of C57BL/10 (hereafter called B10) origin were established by exposing the cells in vivo to eight antineoplastic agents for a number of transplant generations. The parental and drug-treated sublines were tested for immunogenic properties, i.e., the ability to elicit allograft reactions in the host of origin and in congenic-resistant mice differing for the S-D or K-I-S regions of the H-2 complex. Lymphoma S-1033 and all drug-treated sublines except one were found to be essentially nonimmunogenic for B10 mice. The S-DIC subline, when exposed for 8 to 12 transplant generations to dimethyltriazenoimidazolecarboxamide, became immunogenic for syngeneic B10 mice, as judged from prolongation of survival time. Large i.v. inocula (10(7) cells) of S-1033 and of the drug-treated sublines, with the possible exception of the cyclophosphamide-treated and dimethyltriazenoimideazolecarboxamide-treated lymphomas, were more effectively rejected by K-I-S- than by S-D-incompatible mice. Dilution escape (i.e., tumor rejection after challenge with large inocula, and lethal tumor growth after injection of small inocula of lymphoma cells in allogeneic recipients) occurred in K-I-S-incompatible mice that were inoculated with S-1033 and three drug-treated (5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and pyrazocarboxamideamino) sublines. No dilution escape occurred with dimethyltriazenoimidazolecarboxamide or bischloroethylnitrosourea sublines. These data favor the hypothesis that various types of immunogenic changes of neoplastic cells may occur in tumor-bearing hosts following treatment with antineoplastic agents in vivo.
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PMID:Changes of the immunogenic properties of a radiation-induced mouse lymphoma following treatment with antitumor drugs. 114 19

Highly immunogenic sublines of L1210 and LSTRA lymphomas were obtained from athymic (nude) mice treated with 4(5)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-5(4)carboxamide (DIC) in vivo. Conventional mice, compatible with the parent tumor, rejected the DIC-treated sublines and were relatively resistant to a subsequent challenge with the parent lines. The DIC-treated sublines were not rejected by athymic mice, which indicated that the transplantation resistance to these tumors in conventional mice was thymus-cell dependent. In addition, there was marginal or no increase of tumor-cell immunogenicity when the parent lines were passaged in nude mice without DIC treatment. This indicated that the DIC-dependent immunogenic changes in DIC-treated leukemic conventional mice could not be ascribed merely to protection by naturally occurring antigenic clones that resulted from DIC-induced immunodepression.
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PMID:Increased immunogenicity of two lymphoma lines after drug treatment of athymic (nude) mice. 115 15

After envenomation by the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus horridus) a young man showed massive swelling and ecchymoses of the involved extremity, generalized petechiae and a large hematoma of the left upper eyelid. Two weeks later he was completely well. The first blood sample was incoagulable and showed high titers of fibrin split products by the MISFI and staphylococcal clumping tests. Immounoelectrophoresis showed both D and E fragments, but only D was present at 18 hours. The profound thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia gradually improved, and split products disappeared. In vitro the venom had thrombin-like activity, clotting fibrinogen or plasma and aggregating platelets. These activities could be inhibited by antivenom but not by heparin. There was no evidence that thrombin formation was actually involved: hence, the syndrome is called DIC-like.
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PMID:DiC-like syndrome after envenomation by the snake, Crotalus horridus horridus. 116 34

The role of platelet aggregation and coagulo-fibrinolytic systems in thrombogenesis of lactic acid-induced pulmonary thrombosis in rat were studied using an anti-coagulant, platelet aggregation inhibitor, fibrinolytic or anti-fibrinolytic agents. In normal rat, heparin (2.5 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (30 mg/kg) and tranexamic acid (100 mg/kg) suppressed specifically coagulation, platelet aggregation induced by collagen or thrombin and fibrinolysis respectively. Urokinase (10,000 units/kg) activated powerfully fibrinolytic system in addition to suppressing slightly platelet aggregation. The pretreatment with heparin, acetylsalicylic acid or urokinase markedly prevented the formation of thrombus initiated by the infusion of lactic acid at the doses used. Additive effect was also obtained by combined administration of these agents. On the other hand, it was interesting to note that tranexamic acid (100 mg/kg) did not affect the thrombus formation at all despite a potent anti-fibrinolytic effect of this agent. These results indicate that both platelet aggregation and enhancement of coagulation activity are important factors responsible for the formation of thrombi in DIC, while the fibrinolytic activity in blood seems not to be involved in it. On the basis of the findings, mechanism for triggering activation of coagulation and platelet aggregation is also discussed here.
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PMID:Patho-physiological studies on lactic acid-induced pulmonary thrombosis in rat. I. Effect of heparin, acetylsalicylic acid, urokinase and tranexamic acid. 118 8

Success of a perfusion depends not as much on the perfusion system as how that system is applied. A bubble oxygenator system properly managed can be safely run for many hours. Perfusion rate alone is an inadequate criteria for conduct of an adequate perfusion. 75 to 100 cc/kilo/min. perfusion rate is recommended. Minimal mean arterial pressures (60-70 mmHg) are essential to maintain good function of all organ systems for many hours of perfusion and to avoid disseminated intravascular coagulation by keeping capillary beds open. Foreign blood (bank blood) should be avoided to a maximal degree as foreign blood along with hypotensive situations as with poor perfusions can increase predisposition to DIC and organ failure. Hypokalemia (plasma and intracellular) predisposes to poor peripheral resistance during perfusion and consequent low mean arterial pressures. Fifty to 150 meq. of potassium chloride injected into the perfusate is generally required. Excessively high pO2 (over 150) and/or excessively low pCO2 (under 35) may contribute to CNS aberrations. Cannula placement and size are important considerations as well as suction forces on the venous cannula due to hydrostatic pressure on the venous return line. This force must be varied at times for maximal return. The inferior canal catheter must be kept out of the hepatic veins.
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PMID:What constitutes adequate perfusion? 119 30

Investigations with the Nomarski DIC (differential interferece contrast) microscope and the electron microscope on the nature of hyaline zones in the cytoplasm of Amoeba proteus revealed that these regions represent pure ground cytoplasm. Differences between specimens 1) treated with 2% ethanol, 2) released from high hydrostatic pressure or 3) preincubated at 35 degrees C for 30 minutes could not be observed. Only dying cells undergoing lysis contained a watery solution within the zones of hyaline appearance. The existence of a so-called cell surface complex composed of the plasma membrane and an electron dense filamentous layer of groundplasm was demonstrated by the electron microscopical analysis of narcotized and pre-heated amoebae. This complex corresponds morphologically to the cell surface complexes in tissue cells. Hence it seems possible that the cell surface complex of amoebae is also responsible for changes of the cell shape and movements of the cell membrane. Observations with the DIC microscope also revealed the existence of two types of hyaline caps in A. proteus: in pseudopodia extending during normal locomotion the hyaline cap consists of pure ground cytoplasm, whereas in specimens showing fountain-like streaming the cap is built up by a large vacuole containing a watery fluid.
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PMID:On the nature of hyaline zones in the cytoplasm of Amoeba proteus. 119 42

Single ip injections of 600 mg/kg 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) and 900 mg/kg 5-[3,3-bis(2-chlorethyl)-1-triazeno]-imidazole-4-carboxamide (BIC) were given to pregnant Wistar rats at day 12 and the animals were killed 4 h after injection and at days 13-17 of gestation. Fetal tissues were used to determine total DNA, RNA, and protein and the data used to derive cell number and cell weight, RNA, and protein/cell. Both compounds reduced total fetal body weight, DNA, RNA, and protein but reduction of RNA by BIC was not statistically significant. These effects were observed 4 h after injection, increased with age (days 13-17), and were 3-4 times greater for DIC than BIC. By using the value of 6.2 mumug DNA/cell, cell number and per-cell values for weight, RNA, and protein, and weight: DNA, RNA:DNA, and protein:DNA ratios were computed. The per-cell values and ratios in the DIC-exposed animals were 8-44% greater and in BIC-treated animals 0-11% greater than control animals of the same gestational age. Percentage of body water was the same in the experimental and control animals. The differences in DNA, RNA, and protein are believed to be related to drug-induced growth retardation incident to total fetal DNA reduction resulting in diminished cell number.
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PMID:Cellular and biochemical aspects of growth retardation in rat fetuses induced by maternal administration of selected anticancer agents. 119 32

Five cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension complicated by acute liver disease and DIC are presented. Initial misdiagnosis is described, with appropriate laboratory and histologic documentation of the true condition. Specific therapeutic recommendations are discussed and pathophysiologic mechanisms are suggested.
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PMID:Pregnancy-induced hypertension complicated by acute liver disease and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Five case reports. 120 78

A coagulation screen has been performed on 12 patients with acute liver failure. Six died and six recovered. All six fatal cases developed a haemorrhagic state with haemostatic failure. An attempt has been made to delineate the various mechanisms for the production of the coagulation defect. The significance of the different haematological parameters in assessing prognosis has been assessed. The study emphasizes the importance of the synthetic ability of the liver in determining survival prospects. A good correlation between the factor-VII level, which is a guide to liver synthesis, and recovery has been shown. The value of a specific factor-VII assay in acute liver failure appears considerable. Where this assay cannot be performed the clot opacity fibrinogen technique provides a reasonable guide to the prognosis. The presence or absence of DIC was not a determinant factor in survival in this series.
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PMID:Coagulation studies as a prognostic index in acute liver failure. 120 Nov 57


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