Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interaction of immunocompetent cells with the vascular endothelium is of prime importance for the development of septic multiple organ failure. There is evidence from in-vitro studies that the methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline can attenuate the extent of inflammatory reactions by amplification of cell-derived endogenous regulators. For instance, pentoxifylline potentiates the anti-inflammatory actions of adenosine, prostacyclin, and prostaglandins of the E series by its synergistic action on intracellular cyclic AMP. By this mechanism, pentoxifylline inhibits the oxygen-radical production of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the aggregation of platelets, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and the production of cytokines. Consequently, pentoxifylline improves perfusion in the microcirculation as well as tissue oxygenation. Further studies will clarify whether the promising results obtained with pentoxifylline in experimental septic shock will be confirmed under clinical conditions.
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PMID:[Drug therapy of sepsis. An indication for pentoxifylline?]. 817 75

The effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on washed platelets of the healthy volunteers were studied by measuring ADP induced aggregation and intracellular ionized calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) by fluorescent calcium indicator, quin 2. Addition of LPS in platelets suspension in saline, caused an increased platelet aggregation. Adding LPS, however, in platelet suspension in Na(+)-citrated platelet poor plasma inhibited ADP aggregation. These trends were not affected by cyclooxygenase inhibitor, but partially antagonized by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and verapamil. The intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) was significantly increased (334 +/- 141 nM to 150 +/- 45 nM in control) on addition of LPS in platelet suspension containing ionized calcium. On the other hand, there was no significant difference observed with those suspended in calcium free solution (50 +/- 16 to 45 +/- 15 in control). These results indicate that changes of platelet aggregation by LPS were mediated by cyclic AMP and Ca2+, but not by arachidate derivatives. The author concludes that LPS changed the mechanism of Ca2+ influx of platelet membrane and elevated [Ca2+]i of platelets. These findings, however, probably are not the cause of aggregation of platelets during DIC.
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PMID:[Effects of E. coli LPS on human platelet aggregation]. 818 78

Despite the increasing interest for pharmaceuticals in the marine environment, their accumulation in wild organisms and consequent environmental hazards are still poorly known. The Mediterranean Sea is highly challenged by the density of coastal populations, large consumption of pharmaceuticals and their often limited removal by Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). In this respect, the present study aims to provide the first large-scale survey on the distribution of such contaminants of emerging concern in native mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis from Italian coasts. Organisms were collected from 14 sites representative of relatively unpolluted marine waters along the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea and analysed for 9 common pharmaceuticals including Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs: Diclofenac DIC, Ibuprofen IBU, Ketoprofen KET and Nimesulide NIM), the analgesic Acetaminophen AMP, the antiepileptic Carbamazepine CBZ, the antihypertensive Valsartan VAL, the anxiolytic Lormetazepam LOR and the antidepressant Paroxetine PAR. Results indicated the widespread occurrence of the majority of pharmaceuticals in mussel tissues: CBZ was measured in >90% of analysed samples, followed by VAL (>50%), PAR (>40%), and DIC (>30%), while only AMP and KET were never detected. Heterogeneous tissue concentrations ranged from a few units up to hundreds of ng/g (d.w.), while seasonal and interannual variability, investigated over 4 years, did not highlight any clear temporal trend. Limited differences obtained between the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Sea, as well as coastal versus off-shore sampling sites, suggest that analysed levels of pharmaceuticals in mussels tissues should be considered as baseline concentrations for organisms collected in unpolluted areas of the Mediterranean. This study provided the first unambiguous evidence of the widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals in marine mussels from Italian coasts, giving novel insights on the potential ecotoxicological hazard from such compounds in marine species.
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PMID:Human pharmaceuticals in marine mussels: Evidence of sneaky environmental hazard along Italian coasts. 3301 Jun 17