Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After being envenomated by the timber rattlesnake, a patient was found to have a platelet count of 5000 per microliter, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time both greater than 150 sec, plasma fibrinogen 0 mg/dl, and fibrinogen split products 2560 microgram/ml. However, this patient did not appear to have acute disseminated intravascular coagulation since coagulation factors II-XII were normal. We postulated that this venom contained, in addition to a fibrinogen clotting enzyme, a platelet activating protein, Crotalocytin. Crotalocytin was purified from crude timber rattlesnake venom by Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration, low ionic strength precipitation, and DEAE-A50 Sephadex chromatography. By sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration Crotalocytin was a single chain polypeptide, molecular weight 55,000. Thrombocytopenia after timber rattlesnake bite appeared to be due to a protein that directly activated platelets. Timber rattlesnake bite mimicked the clinical presentation of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Crotalocytin: recognition and purification of a timber rattlesnake platelet aggregating protein. 743 9

Cellular microparticles (MP) are small membrane vesicles that are released from cells upon activation or apoptosis. They constitute a heterogeneous population of submicron elements differing in cellular origin, number, size, antigenic composition and functional properties. Circulating MP provide an additional procoagulant phospholipid surface enabling the assembly of the clotting enzyme complexes and thrombin generation. Their procoagulant properties rely on the exposure of phosphatidylserine and on the possible presence of tissue factor, the main initiator of blood coagulation. Microparticles constitute the main reservoir of blood-borne tissue factor. Derived from various cells, most notably platelets, erythrocytes, leucocytes and endothelial cells, circulating MP are detectable in the circulation of healthy subjects. Elevated levels are encountered in diseases with vascular involvement and hypercoagulability such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, diabetes, immune-mediated thrombosis, kidney diseases, acute coronary syndromes or systemic inflammatory disease, where they appear indicative of a poor clinical outcome. Converging evidence from experimental and clinical data underlines an involvement of procoagulant MP in the initiation/dissemination of procoagulant and inflammatory responses. In these clinical settings, the pharmacological modulation of MP level or activity provides challenging issues.
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PMID:Microparticles in vascular diseases. 1869 1