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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anticoagulant activity of the triiodinated X-ray opaque media iodipamide, iothalamate and diatrizoate on standardized normal human pool plasma was investigated in vitro. We found a dose dependent lengthening of the thrombin time, the reptilase time and the partial thromboplastin time together with a dose dependent drop of the calcium thromboplastin and factor V activity. Iodipamide proved to exert the most pronounced anticoagulant activity of the 3 contrast media tested. The results are interpreted as latent disseminated intravascular coagulation with hyperfibrinolysis following the direct interaction of contrast media with the coagulation enzymes.
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PMID:[Anticoagulant activity of triiodinated x-ray opaque media (author's transl)]. 57 82

Coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied in a colony of aged Syrian hamsters with spontaneous atrial thrombosis, and the results are consistent with concomitant consumption coagulopathy. In comparison to age- and sex-matched hamsters from the same colony, those with atrial thrombi had significantly prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, reduced levels of factors II, VII, VIII and X activities and plasminogen; and concentrations of fibrinogen-fibrin split products in excess of 80 microgram/ml. Hematocrits of the thrombosed animals were significantly decreased, total plasma proteins were increased, leukocyte counts were within normal limits, and platelet counts were about half those of the controls. Thrombosed hamsters had significantly reduced plasma albumin content, increased alpha1-, beta-, and gamma-globulins, and reduced A/G ratios. Aged sick hamsters demonstrable thrombi also had reduced coagulation and fibrinolytic activities and platelet counts, but their fibrinogen levels were markedly elevated, and fibrinogen-fibrin split products were either absent or present in trace amounts. This suggests an earlier and/or less acute form of the thrombotic process.
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PMID:Spontaneous atrial thrombosis in aged Syrian hamsters. II. Hemostasis. 57 88

The medical records of 118 cases who met laboratory criteria of DIC were studied. The most frequent etiologies were: Generalized infection (39.8%), trauma (16.9%), malignancy (6.8%) and surgical cases (6.8%). The main clinical manifestations which appeared to be related solely to DIC were (in a decreasing order of frequency): Bleeding (64.4%), renal dysfunction (24.6%), liver dysfunction (18.6%), respiratory dysfunction (16.1%), shock (14.4%), thromboembolic phenonmena (6.8%) and central nervous system involvement (1.7%). In 26 patients none of these manifestations were observed. In patients with infection, liver and renal dysfunction were frequent and respiratory dysfunction rare, whereas in trauma cases, liver and renal dysfunctions were rare and respiratory dysfunction frequent. This variability indicates that the clinical manifestations are affected not only by the process of intravascular coagulation but also by the underlying clinical disorders. The most impaired coagulation tests were prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and thrombin time. The degree of abnormality of these coagulation tests was found to be related to the extensiveness of organ involvement. The mortality (overall 54.7%) increased independently with age, with the number of clinical manifestations and with the degree of abnormality of the above-mentioned four most impaired coagulation tests. In addition, older patients were more likely to have an increased number of clinical manifestations and more impaired coagulation tests. Mortality was similar in the various etiologies except for trauma patients in whom it was lower (30%).
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory aspects of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): a study of 118 cases. 58 Apr 88

The results of this paper indicate that cattle infected with B. bovis (argentina) have a markedly altered and activated coagulation system. A degree of thrombin activation occurs due partly to release of thromboplastin-like substances from lysed erythrocytes but due primarily to activation of kallikrein by babesial proteases. This produces a hyperfibrinogenaemia, particularly in intact cattle, with soluble fibrin complexes constituting up to one-third of the total fibrinogen concentration. High molecular weight non-coagulable fibrinogen-like proteins are detected terminally but more so in splenectomized cattle. Plasminogen concentration decreases in splenectomized but not intact cattle while low molecular weight fibrinogen degradation products are not easily detected. It is suggested that a hypercoagulable intermediate state with little or no fibrin deposition occurs rather than terminal disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Babesia bovis (argentina): observations of coagulation parameters, fibrinogen catabolism and fibrinolysis in intact and splenectomized cattle. 60 70

Forty-five patients with multiple injuries treated at an intensive care unit were studied prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: the severely injured (no mortality) and critically injured (56% mortality). Treatment was started within two hours from the accident in all cases. The following coagulation parameters were measured for eight days: euglobulin lysis time (ELT), thromboelastography (TEG), vecalcification time (RECA), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), factor V, factor VIII, Normotest, Thrombotest, thrombin time, fibrinogen and platelets. Severe coagulation disorders were observed in one-third of the patients 12-48 hours after trauma. The abnormalities were more pronounced in patients who had sustained very severe injuries and arrived in a state of shock. The ELT was shortened 0-6 hours after the accident and accelerated coagulation was indicated simultaneously by decreased PTT, RECA, and r-values as well as by elevated Thrombotest and factor VIII values. The factor V and fibrinogen levels were initially lowered. Low platelet values at 2-4 days, prolonged thrombin and r-times, secondary decrease of fibrinogen FV, FVIII, and low Thrombotest values suggested disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with complications, such as fat embolism and "shock lung" syndromes. General bleeding tendency with high mortality was observed in 16% of the patients.
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PMID:Coagulation disorders in severely and critically injured patients. 60 16

Autoprothrombin II-A anticoagulant was isolated from bovine prothrombin. Purified prothrombin was applied to DEAE-cellulose chromatography after incubation with thrombin. Four protein peaks were obtained where the third peak corresponded to the anti-coagulant effect. The fractions under the third peak were pooled together and the anticoagulant effect was evaluated with different methods. From 25,470 +/- 2,800 U of prothrombin, 5,800 +/- 1,400 U of inhibitor were obtained. The inhibitor was found to be most effective at pH 7.2--7.8. In vitro, the inhibitor inhibited the thrombin time and the plasma clotting time highly significantly but had no effect on euglobulin lysis time and fibrin plates. In vivo, when injected into rabbits, the inhibitor effect was also significant on the same tests. The autoprothombin II-A anticoagulant had a protective effect on DIC formation with rabbit brain thromboplastin administration. This protective effect was found to be statistically significant.
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PMID:Some properties of autoprothrombin II-A anticoagulant. 61 78

Thrombogenicity of the factor IX concentrate and its clinical use for stoppage of the bleeding in the case of hemophilia A with inhibitor were reported. (1) Factor IX concentrate contained the coagulation factors as prothrombin complex (factors II, VII, IX and X); Thrombin and factor Xa. (2) Prothrombin in the factor IX concentrate could be converted to thrombin without any additional procoagulant such as thromboplastin or factor V, but in just 2.5M glycine solution by the effect of factor Xa. (3) The infusion of factor IX concentrate into a rabbit induced DIC promptly which was proved by autopsy and coagulation-fibrinolytic studies. (4) Factor IX concentrate showed a great efficacy in stopping the bleeding in the case of hemophilia A with inhibitor.
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PMID:Characteristics and thrombogenicity of factor IX concentrate. 61 88

This is an investigation into thromboplastin time, partial thromboplastin time, plasma thrombin time, fibrinogen, and platelets in 30 patients with severe brain injury over 7--14 days. Platelets showed a very marked initial decrease and a slow return to normal around the seventh day. Fibrinogen was initially lowered in most of the cases, and raised from the second day onward. Changes in the other laboratory values were less definite. Latent signs of consumption coagulopathy were not accompanied by bleeding disorders, or by disseminated intravascular coagulation at autopsy. The severity of laboratory value changes clearly correlated with the extent of brain damage, and was significantly higher when the patient did not survive the first week after injury.
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PMID:Disturbances of the coagulatory system in patients with severe cerebral trauma. I. 70 71

Nine patients with severe classic hemophilia and inhibitors against factor VIII were treated for 156 bleeding episodes with 503 infusions of Proplex, Konyne, or Auto-Factor IX, three preparations of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). Approximately two thirds of the bleeding episodes were managed successfully. Although the prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were shortened after most PCC infusions, there was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The degree of shortening of PT or PTT was not related to the particular PCC preparation used, dose, or cessation of hemorrhage. All PCC preparations contained activated clotting factors, as manifested by their ability to shorten the PTT of normal plasma, factor-VIII-deficient plasma, and factor-IX-deficient plasma. Shortening, which was greater with Auto-Factor IX than with the other products, was inhibited partially by a factor IX antibody and blocked completely by prolonged incubation with plasma. Although the nature of the procoagulant material in PCCs is uncertain, these products are of proven benefit to hemophilic patients with high-titer inhibitors. Side effects have been minimal and inhibitor titers have not risen.
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PMID:Use of prothrombin complex concentrates in hemophiliacs with inhibitors: clinical and laboratory studies. 72 19

We have reviewed 53 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the newborn, including 29 cases that were confirmed at autopsy. Factors predisposing to DIC included maternal complications (60%), low Apgar scores (30%), hyaline membrane disease (62%), and sepsis (26%). Diagnostic criteria common to autopsy-proved cases included presence of fibrin degradation products, low factor V activity, a prolonged prothrombin time, and a prolonged partial thromboplastin time and/or thrombocytopenia. There appeared to be no difference in coagulation response or in mortality among patients treated with different therapeutic regimens. Survivors were older gestationally, had higher birth weights, and higher Apgar scores.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the newborn. 76 May 11


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