Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrio cholerae strains other than O1 and 0139 (non-O1 Vibrio cholerae) are associated with sporadic diarrheal disorders and limited outbreaks of diarrhea and have often been reported in association with extraintestinal infections. The following is a presentation of a fatal case of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae septicemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation and cutaneous bullous lesions that occurred in a patient infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In order to prevent Vibrio cholerae infection, patients with underlying diseases should be warned of the risk factors for acquiring such infection, including consumption of raw shellfish and exposure to sea and fresh water where shellfish are found.
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PMID:Vibrio cholerae O2 sepsis in a patient with AIDS. 1035 55

A 21-year-old woman suffered heatstroke and developed diarrhea while trekking across south Texas. The heatstroke was complicated by seizures, rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient's stool and blood cultures grew Campylobacter jejuni. The patient subsequently developed paranasal and gastrointestinal zygomycosis and required surgical debridement and a prolonged course of amphotericin B. The zygomycete cultured was Rhizopus schipperae. This is only the second isolate of R. schipperae that has been described. R. schipperae is characterized by the production of clusters of up to 10 sporangiophores arising from simple but well-developed rhizoids. These asexual reproductive propagules are produced on Czapek Dox agar but are absent on routine mycology media, where only chlamydospores are observed. Despite multiorgan failure, bacteremia, and disseminated zygomycosis, the patient survived and had a good neurological outcome. Heatstroke has not been previously described as a risk factor for the development of disseminated zygomycosis.
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PMID:Disseminated zygomycosis due to Rhizopus schipperae after heatstroke. 1040 17

Haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) is a devastating disorder affecting infants. So far no cases have been reported in Switzerland. It is characterised by the abrupt onset of hyperpyrexia, shock, encephalopathy, diarrhoea, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and renal and hepatic failure in previously healthy infants. Severe hypoglycaemia has been repeatedly reported in association with HSES. However, the pathophysiology of the hypoglycaemia is not clear. We report on two infants (2 and 7 months old) with typical HSES, both of whom were presented with nonketotic hypoglycaemia. In the first case, plasma insulin was 23 pmol/l at the time of hypoglycaemia (0.1 mmol/l). In the second case, increased values for interleukin-6 (IL-6) (319 pg/ml) and IL-8 (1382 pg/ml) were found 24 hours after admission, whereas IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were not measurable. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was decreased (0.6 g/l). In hyperpyrexic, unconscious and shocked infants, HSES should be considered and hypoglycaemia should be specifically looked for. Hypoglycaemia is not caused by hyperinsulinism but may be secondary to the release of cytokines.
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PMID:Haemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: report of two cases with special reference to hypoglycaemia. 1070 Dec 32

Heat stroke, which is also known as "sun stroke," is a medical emergency, and fatalities can occur unless it is diagnosed early and treated efficiently. Heat stroke may manifest quite suddenly, giving little time to differentiate it from extreme physical exhaustion in collapsed subjects. It is also known to lead to serious disseminated intravascular coagulation. Sudden death in a young female is presented who collapsed after trekking in a hilly, jungle area in Malaysia on a warm, humid day. She had joined a weight reduction programme a few weeks earlier. She was found collapsed and in a semiconscious state in the jungle by her groupmates and was taken to hospital. On admission she was unconscious, hyperpyrexic, with rapid, thready pulse and a low blood pressure. Biochemical studies revealed metabolic acidosis, elevated liver and cardiac enzymes and impairment of renal function. Her coagulation profile was found to be impaired and she started bleeding through the mouth and nostrils. She also developed watery diarrhoea and initially a septicaemic condition, including acute enteritis was suspected. Despite active treatment, her condition deteriorated and she died eight hours after admission. Autopsy confirmed a generalised bleeding tendency, with pulmonary, oesophageal and gastrointestinal mucosal haemorrhages. Flame-shaped subendocardial shock haemorrhages were seen in the interventricular septum on the left side of the heart. The findings support a diagnosis of heat stroke. Various aspects related to heat stroke, the autopsy diagnosis and its prevention are discussed.
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PMID:Sudden death during jungle trekking: a case of heat stroke. 1087 65

We report a case of extensive Fournier's gangrene that could not be rescued despite emergent debridement. A 51-year-old man presented at another hospital with cough, diarrhea and abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with acute enteritis and hospitalized. The next morning, he became severely hypotensive and his scrotum was swollen and black. The perineal skin also was black. Septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation were suspected. He was transferred to our emergency room, and was immediately diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene and acute peritonitis. Computed tomographic scan revealed soft-tissue gas in the scrotum, the retroperitoneal cavity and the abdominal wall. Emergent debridement and laparotomy was performed. Gangrene was also seen at the intestinal wall and the peritoneum, however, resection of intestine was not done because of his poor performance status. Although potent antibiotics and catecholamine were administered, he died of multiple organ failure 29 hours after the operation. This is the first case of Fournier's gangrene extending into the abdominal cavity reported in the Japanese literature.
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PMID:[Extensive Fournier's gangrene: a case report]. 1093 16

We describe a 2 year-old non-immunocompromised girl with disseminated histoplasmosis who presented with a 2-month history of fever and bloody diarrhoea. On presentation, she was severely wasted and anaemic. There were gross hepatosplenomegaly and multiple lymphadenopathy. A septic screen was negative. A subsequent stool culture isolated Salmonella enteriditis. Serial Widal-Weil Felix (WWF) titres showed serological response after 2 weeks of Ceftriaxone. However, she continued to have spiking fever, bloody diarrhoea and weight loss. She developed pancytopaenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. A bone marrow aspirate and trephine, and lymph node biopsy showed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum, confirmed by Gomori-Methenamine Silver staining. She responded to intravenous amphotericin B followed by fluconazole (intravenous then oral) for 6 months after discharge. Human Immunodeficiency Virus screening tests were negative. Complement and immunoglobulin levels were normal. T and B enumeration tests showed gross leucopaenia with very low T cell function with defective phagocytic function. A repeat T and B cell enumeration test and phagocytic function tests done 3 months later were normal.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis in a non-immunocompromised child. 1097 16

A 91-year-old man was admitted with colliquative diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss. He had a history of healed tuberculosis, hypertension and atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms. On admission, shortness of breath without cough, exertional dyspnea, and ascites were also noticed. His chest X-ray and CT showed almost normal findings in the lung fields except for calcified old pleurisy. Since laboratory tests revealed thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen, and increased CA19-9. DIC induced by an unknown cancer was diagnosed. He died on the eighth day due to progressive respiratory failure which did not respond to oxygen therapy. Autopsy revealed that he had a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the cecum complicated with pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa. Lymphangitis should be considered in the case of unexplained progressive respiratory failure developing in patient with cancer, even in the absence of X-ray findings.
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PMID:[A very elderly autopsy case of cecal cancer with pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa]. 1103 30

On September 10, 2000, the Ministry of Health (MOH), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and subsequently the Ministry of Health of Yemen received reports of unexplained hemorrhagic fever in humans and associated animal deaths from the southwestern border of Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Signs and symptoms of ill persons included low grade fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice with liver and renal dysfunction often progressing to disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatorenal syndrome, and death. On September 15, using ELISA (antigen detection and IgM), polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and immunohistochemistry, CDC confirmed the diagnosis of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in all four serum samples submitted from Saudi Arabia. This report summarizes the preliminary results of the collaborative epidemiologic investigation performed by the Saudi Arabian MOH, CDC, and the National Institute of Virology, South Africa, of the first confirmed occurrence of RVF outside Africa.
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PMID:Outbreak of Rift Valley fever--Saudi Arabia, August-October, 2000. 1104 43

A hypercoagulable condition and poor perfusion to distal extremities might occur during equine endotoxaemic or septic shock, which could cause thrombosis of limb arteries. In our review, thrombosis occurred in neonatal foals in association with gram-negative bacteraemia. In 3 older foals and adults, thrombosis was associated with inflammatory bowel disease, diarrhoea and toxaemia. All patients had been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and i.v. crystalloid solutions. Two horses received i.v. hyperimmune plasma. A generalised coagulopathy was not suspected prior to clinical signs of distal limb necrosis, although thrombocytopenia occurred in 4 of the 5 cases at the time of, or shortly before, thrombosis. Thrombocytopenia, possibly due to platelets adherence to exposed subendothelial collagen, which induces contact activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, has been described in endotoxaemic horses and foals with gastrointestinal infectious or inflammatory diseases and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Activation of procoagulants by endotoxins, decreased blood flow to the limbs and endothelial damage, may have been responsible for a hypercoagulable condition leading to thrombosis in these 5 cases. The 3 enterocolitis patients may have had increased risk of thrombosis because of loss of antithrombin III, haemoconcentration and acidosis.
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PMID:Acute thrombosis of limb arteries in horses with sepsis: five cases (1988-1998). 1119 2

A case of cardiac myxoma with multiple brain hemorrhage is reported. A 57-year-old male had complained of lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever for 3 days. On admission, he was in a condition of disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis. An abdominal CT scan showed infarction in the right kidney and spleen and an echocardiogram also showed myxoma in the left atrium. Although he presented no neurological symptoms, the brain CT showed multiple brain hemorrhage in the bilateral brain hemispheres. Total resection of the tumor was carried out for the improvement of the patient's general condition. Vimentin, S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase was positive in immunological staining and the pathological diagnosis was myxoma. Postoperative recovery of consciousness was poor and left hemiparesis developed. CT showed the increase of hematoma but angiography showed no cerebral aneurysm. The symptoms improved with conservative therapy. However the enhanced lesion remained in the right parietal lobe and an operation was performed 5 months later. The myxoma cell could not be found in the pathological examination, so tumor embolism, cerebral infarction, hemorrhagic infarction due to DIC, hematoma enlargement caused by heparinization during operation were suspected to have occurred in this order without tumor growth.
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PMID:[A case of cardiac myxoma with multiple brain hemorrhage]. 1145 99


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