Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neurotoxicity of L-DOPA and dopamine (DA) on striatal neurons was examined by using primary cultures of rat striatum. Exposure to L-DOPA and DA at concentrations of 30-300 microM induced dose-dependent cell death in both younger cultures (3 days in culture, 3 DIC) and elder cultures (10 days in culture, 10 DIC). The cytotoxicity of L-DOPA and DA was also dependent on the exposure time (6-24 h). Ascorbic acid (200 microM) inhibited both L-DOPA- and DA-induced cytotoxicity in 3 DIC cultures, whereas it provided significant protection against DA- but not L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in 10 DIC cultures. The L-DOPA cytotoxicity in 10 DIC cultures was prevented by a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), and by an NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801. Neither antagonist prevented DA cytotoxicity. D-DOPA did not affect the viability of 10 DIC cultures, though it elicited marked toxicity in 3 DIC cultures. These results suggest that there are two components in the mechanisms that mediate the L-DOPA neurotoxicity on striatal neurons: one is autoxidation-relevant and the other is autoxidation-irrelevant. With respect to the latter, glutamate receptor stimulation may be involved. In contrast, autoxidation plays an important role in DA neurotoxicity.
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PMID:Differential neurotoxicity induced by L-DOPA and dopamine in cultured striatal neurons. 901 56

Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) can be associated with neurological dysfunction such as mental retardation, and clusters of disorganized cells (heterotopias) often act as seizure foci in medically intractable partial epilepsies. Methylazoxymethanol (MAM) treatment of pregnant rats results in neuronal heterotopias in offspring, especially in hippocampal area CA1. Although the neurons in dysplastic areas in this model are frequently hyperexcitable, the precise mechanisms controlling excitability remain unclear. Here, we used IR-DIC videomicroscopy and whole cell voltage-clamp techniques to test whether the potent anti-excitatory actions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) affected synaptic excitation of heterotopic neurons. We also compared several synaptic and intrinsic properties of heterotopic, layer 2-3 cortical, and CA1 pyramidal neurons, to further characterize heterotopic cells. NPY powerfully inhibited synaptic excitation onto normal and normotopic CA1 cells but was nearly ineffective on responses evoked in heterotopic cells from stimulation sites within the heterotopia. Glutamatergic synaptic responses on heterotopic cells exhibited a comparatively small, D-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid-sensitive, N-methyl-D-aspartate component. Heterotopic neurons also differed from normal CA1 cells in postsynaptic membrane currents, possessing a prominent inwardly rectifying K(+) current sensitive to Cs(+) and Ba(2+), similar to neocortical layer 2-3 pyramidal cells. CA1 cells instead had a prominent Cs(+)- and 4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino) pyrimidinium chloride-sensitive I(h) and negligible inward rectification, unlike heterotopic cells. Thus heterotopic CA1 cells appear to share numerous physiological similarities with neocortical neurons. The lack of NPY's effects on intra-heterotopic inputs, the small contribution of I(h), and abnormal glutamate receptor function, may all contribute to the lowered threshold for epileptiform activity observed in hippocampal heterotopias and could be important factors in epilepsies associated with NMDs.
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PMID:NPY sensitivity and postsynaptic properties of heterotopic neurons in the MAM model of malformation-associated epilepsy. 1242 9