Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical and laboratory features of nine patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia are described. Hepatic or splenic enlargement accompanied by an absolute monocytosis in an older patient with an elevated serum or urine lysozyme and serum vitamin B12 levels were characteristic of the majority of patients in this series. No single clinical or laboratory finding was diagnostic for the disease. Most importantly, seven of nine patients had abnormal coagulation values; in two cases the abnormalities were consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation and correlated with a hemorrhagic diathesis. It is concluded that patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia who have thrombocytopenia or a bleeding tendency should be evaluated for evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
 ...
PMID:Disseminated coagulopathy in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. 29 10

There was no significant difference in the levels of factor XII between sick newborns and normal age-matched controls, although the levels of both groups were lower than normal older children. Detailed coagulation studies on 44 sick infants revealed 11 to have disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In those with DIC, the mean Hageman factor was 20% and in those without DIC, 25% (P greater than 0.05). Rabbits given a constant infusion of lysozyme (which inhibits factor XII) showed laboratory evidence of endotoxin-induced DIC. The data suggest that neither reduced factor XII levels nor Hageman factor inhibition provided protection from DIC. The data further suggest that other coagulation pathways might be involved in order to elicit the DIC.
 ...
PMID:Hageman factor and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in newborns and rabbits. 88 13

Tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from seven childhood cases of malignant histiocytosis were studied by immunohistochemistry. Clinically, the majority of the cases showed sustained fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and DIC. The pretreatment diagnosis was based on their typical clinical manifestations and bone marrow smear findings. Although three patients temporarily responded to exchange transfusion and chemotherapy, all seven patients eventually died of active disease. Postmortem examination revealed the proliferation of atypical histiocytes appearing in variable degrees of maturation in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and central nervous system. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT), alpha and beta subunits of S100 protein (S100 alpha, beta), and concanavalin A receptors (ConAR) in cytoplasm demonstrated the presence of two subtypes of malignant histiocytes, ie, S100 beta+/NCA-/ConAR+ (4 cases) and S100 beta-/NCA+/ConA R+ (three cases). The results of lysozyme, alpha 1 AT, and S100 alpha staining were inconsistent. A survey of the literature disclosed that the incidence of S100 protein-positive cases in children was higher than in adults (12/21 v 5/19; chi 2, P less than .05). Further large scale investigation is necessary to confirm the independence and significance of these two subtypes of histiocytes in malignant histiocytosis.
 ...
PMID:Malignant histiocytosis in childhood: clinical, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical studies of seven cases. 337 90

In order to evaluate the possible role of the hepatic macrophage (H-M macrophage) in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a technique has been developed for the isolation and maintenance in culture of rabbit H-M macrophage. Characterization of the resultant cell population by morphology, nonspecific esterase staining, phagocytosis of latex beads, by presence of Fc and C3b membrane receptors confirms a pure population of M macrophage without outgrowth of other cell types for up to 10 days in culture. The exposure in vitro of the H-M macrophage to LPS (either Salmonella minnesota R595 or Escherichia coli 0111:B4) stimulates a selective increase in activity of several cellular enzyme: LDH, lysozyme, plasminogen activator, and a procoagulant factor, with minimal changes in acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase detected. Concomitantly, both in vivo and in vitro treatment with LPS produces an apparent direct cellular toxicity. The combined effect of toxicity and selective stimulation and release of mediators in LPS-stimulated H-M macrophage may play a central role in the endotoxemic shock syndrome.
 ...
PMID:The response of isolated rabbit hepatic macrophages (H-M macrophage) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 719 47

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) released during gram-negative bacterial infection induces varieties of cytokines which directly and/or indirectly cause shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and death. We previously showed that lysozyme (LZM) was an LPS-binding protein and inhibited various immunomodulating activities of LPS. In this study, we examined the effect of LZM on the LPS-triggered septic shock model induced by carrageenan treatment and assessed by tumor necrosis factor production. The data presented in this report strongly suggest that LZM-LPS complex formation completely abrogates tumor necrosis factor production and the mortality caused by LPS and that LZM may be useful for the treatment of endotoxin shock.
 ...
PMID:Binding of lysozyme to lipopolysaccharide suppresses tumor necrosis factor production in vivo. 813 23

A patient with acute leukemia is presented in whom the leukemic cells, as seen by light microscopy were typical promyelocytes. The cells had normal or slightly invaginated nuclei with typical cytoplasmic granules and the diagnosis was confirmed by cytochemistry. The clinical course was rapid and the patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and urosepsis within a few days of diagnosis. However, electron microscopic examination showed cells with extremely convoluted and lobulated nuclei with nuclear pockets and cytoplasmic bridges as well as the complete absence of cytoplasmic granules in the majority of the cells. Furthermore, the urine lysozyme (muramidase) was elevated. These findings suggest that the leukemia in this patient may be classified as a hypogranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), with monocytoid ultrastructural appearances.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural observations on a variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia. 834 79

Serum concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were measured in 60 patients suffering from acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML). At the time of diagnosis elevated HGF concentrations (> 1.25 ng/ml) were found in 28% of the patients. HGF levels correlated with the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), levels of lysozyme, creatinine, peripheral blood blast counts and lactic dehydrogenase. In the group of patients with high HGF (>1.25 ng/ml) we found a tendency towards an increased early mortality; 41% of them died within 15 d from diagnosis, as opposed to 5% of the patients with normal HGF (log rank test p=0.07). DIC-related bleeding or thrombosis contributed to this early mortality. In responders, HGF levels normalized after treatment. HGF levels are low in neutropenia and neutropenic infections.
 ...
PMID:Elevated serum concentrations of hepatocyte growth factor in acute myelocytic leukaemia. 1005 17

We examined the effect of diesel exhaust particle (DEP) extracts on oral tolerance in mice. For this examination, a single DEP sample was consecutively extracted with hexane (HEX-DEP), benzene (BEN-DEP), dichloromethane (DIC-DEP), methanol (MET-DEP), and 1 M ammonia (AMM-DEP). Residues unextracted (UNE-DEP) with the last extraction solvent 1 M ammonia were also used to test their ability to induce oral tolerance. To immunize mice, hen egg lysozyme (HEL) emulsified with an equal volume of CFA was injected sc (day 0). Oral tolerance was induced by feeding 10 mg HEL on days -5, -4, -3, -2, and -1. DEP, each DEP extract, and UNE-DEP were intranasally administered immediately after each feeding of HEL. The results showed that oral administration of HEL markedly suppressed production of anti-HEL IgG antibodies as well as proliferative responses of spleen cells to HEL. The suppression of anti-HEL IgG antibody production and the cell proliferation by the oral antigen was significantly blocked by DEP, DIC-, AMM-, and UNE-DEP. Neither HEX-, BEN-, nor MET-DEP modulated the orally induced suppression of these immune responses. When the levels of anti-HEL IgG2a antibodies and IFN-gamma (Th1 responses) and anti-HEL IgG1 antibodies and IL-4 (Th2 responses) were determined, DEP and DIC-DEP diminished the suppression of both Th1 and Th2 responses observed following oral administration of HEL. In contrast, UNE- and AMM-DEP prevented the reduction of Th1 but not Th2, and Th2 but not Th1 oral tolerance, respectively. Thus, UNE-DEP appears to contain compounds that block induction of Th1 but not Th2 oral tolerance, whereas AMM-DEP have compounds that abrogate induction of Th2 but not Th1 oral tolerance. DIC-DEP, as well as DEP, appear to contain components that block induction of both Th1 and Th2 oral tolerance. As oral tolerance is thought to play a critical role in preventing Th1 as well as Th2 food allergy, the blockade of oral tolerance by these DEP extracts suggests that DEP may contain compounds different in hydrophobicity associated with the cause of such adverse immunologic responses to food proteins.
 ...
PMID:Effect of diesel exhaust particle extracts on induction of oral tolerance in mice. 1189 96

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of extracts of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on Th1 and Th2 immune responses. In order to separate compounds from DEP different in hydrophobicity, a single DEP sample was consecutively extracted with hexane (HEX-DEP), benzene (BEN-DEP), dichloromethane (DIC-DEP), methanol (MET-DEP), and 1M ammonia (AMM-DEP). The last unextracted residue (UNE-DEP) was also used to test its effect on immune responses. To immunize mice, hen egg lysozyme (HEL) was injected i.p. (day 0). Varying doses of DEP, each DEP extract, and UNE-DEP were intranasally administered every 2 days from days 0 to 18. Anti-HEL IgG2a antibodies in sera and IFN-γ secreted from spleen cells were measured as an indicator of Th1 immune responses, while anti-HEL IgG1 antibodies and IL-4 as that of Th2 responses. The results showed that treatment with DEP and DIC-DEP increased both Th1 and Th2 responses to HEL. UNE-DEP facilitated Th1 but not Th2 responses, while MET- and AMM-DEP administration was followed by enhancement of Th2 but not Th1 responses. Neither HEX- nor BEN-DEP modulated Th1 as well as Th2 responses. These results suggest that DEP contain various compounds different in hydrophobicity which may affect both Th1 and Th2, Th1 but not Th2, and Th2 but not Th1 immune responses.
 ...
PMID:Effects of diesel exhaust particle extracts on Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. 1259 83

To investigate whether vaccination could induce lethal shock and which mechanisms are involved in this phenomenon, we tested a panel of autoantigens or diabetes-irrelevant peptides or proteins in nonobese diabetic (NOD), Balb/c, and C57Bl/6 mice. Of the antigens tested, only nondiabetogenic hen egg white lysozyme induced a severe form of shock exclusively in NOD mice. The mechanism involved is suggestive of a Th(2)-mediated anaphylactic reaction possibly connected to activation of PAF and triggering of DIC.
 ...
PMID:Hen egg white lysozyme vaccination induces acute shock in NOD mice. 1467 62


1