Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurement of Protein S in human plasma is clinically important because of deficiency of this protein, which functions as a cofactor of the naturally occurring anticoagulant activated Protein C, is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. We describe a two-site, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring Protein S in which a monoclonal IgG directed against the calcium-independent conformation of Protein S is the capture antibody. The range of detection for the assay was 10 to 160 ng of Protein S per milliliter. The coefficients of variation were 4.6%-7.3% within-assay and 7.7%-10.1% between-assay. We compared this assay with an ELISA involving a polyclonal anti-Protein S rabbit IgG as capture antibody (I) and with Laurell's electroimmunoassay (II) to measure Protein S in plasma from 32 normal subjects and 121 patients or individuals expected to have low concentrations of total Protein S (full-term newborns, pregnant women after the 18th week of gestation, patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation or liver cirrhosis, patients receiving therapy with warfarin, and patients with congenital Protein S deficiency). In general, the results obtained with the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA correlated well with those from I (r = 0.94), less well with those from II (r = 0.86).
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody to human protein S used as the capture antibody for measuring total protein S by enzyme immunoassay. 213 55

We report the case of a 22-year-old obese woman with severe protein S deficiency, probably genetic in nature, associated with recurrent venous thrombosis. Protein S deficiency is a rather rare disease: it may be an inherited, either homozygous (purpura fulminans at neonatal age), heterozygous, or acquired disorder. The thrombophilic state may be manifested as deep vein thrombosis or thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins with a high risk of pulmonary embolism in the young, and it is often exacerbated by pregnancy. In our case, the presenting event, bilateral deep venous (iliac-femoral) thrombosis complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, had occurred when the patient was 13 years old. We started long-term therapy with oral coagulants, i.e. warfarin even if the latter may cause skin necrosis ("warfarin dermatitis") in some patients with protein S deficiency. The clinician must consider protein S deficiency in cases of recurrent thrombosis, particularly in young patients: the importance of early implementation of long-term preventive therapy should not be underestimated.
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PMID:[Protein S deficiency and thrombophilia: presentation of a clinical case and review of the literature]. 794 92