Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a severe viral infection characterized by fever, shock and coagulation defects. Recent studies in macaques show that major features of illness are caused by effects of viral replication on macrophages and dendritic cells. Infected macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor, attracting additional target cells and inducing vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability and disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, they cannot restrict viral replication, possibly because of suppression of interferon responses. Infected dendritic cells also secrete proinflammatory mediators, but cannot initiate antigen-specific responses. In consequence, virus disseminates to these and other cell types throughout the body, causing multifocal necrosis and a syndrome resembling septic shock. Massive "bystander" apoptosis of natural killer and T cells further impairs immunity. These findings suggest that modifying host responses would be an effective therapeutic strategy, and treatment of infected macaques with a tissue-factor inhibitor reduced both inflammation and viral replication and improved survival.
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PMID:Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. 1589 65

The Authors report a case of spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with Cytomegalovirus infection, stress the main characteristics of this infection and describe the mechanism that, during the viral infection, causes morphological and functional alterations of the spleen. The hypersplenism secondary to hyperfunctioning, the formation of immunocomplexes with secondary infarction, mainly of the white pulp, and the disseminated intravascular coagulation are responsible, as in the observed case, of the rupture of splenic capsula. The Authors conclude that the wide diffusion of Cytomegalovirus infection needs the knowledge of all the pathologic signs of this infection to make a timely diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:[Spontaneous splenic rupture in a patient with cytomegalovirus infection]. 1593 29

To demonstrate the differences of clinical features and hematologic abnormalities between dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 359 pediatric patients admitted St. Luke's Medical Center in Quezon City, between 1999 and 2001 in Metro Manila, and adjoining provinces the Philippines, with a laboratory-confirmed dengue virus infection were evaluated. One third of the patients had DHF, and most of these patients were without shock. Restlessness, epistaxis, and abdominal pain were more associated with DHF. The platelet count was significantly lower in the DHF group than in the DF group before and after defervescence. In the DHF patients, the hematocrit was significantly increased before defervescence, and decreased the day after due to administration of intravenous fluid. Coagulation abnormalities associated with most DHF patients were thrombocytopenia and an increased fibrinolysis, but not disseminated intravascular coagulation. We present recent data on readily obtained clinical and laboratory data that can be used for early diagnosis and consequently earlier appropriate treatment of dengue virus infections.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical features and hematologic abnormalities between dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever among children in the Philippines. 1610 17

Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease whose frequency has increased steadily in the Americas over the past 25 years. The type of dengue that carries the highest mortality is the clinical variant known as dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Even though no vaccine or drug against the disease is available, successful management consists of preventing serious illness through patient follow-up and monitoring danger signals so as to be able to initiate aggressive intravenous rehydration and prevent shock or treat it early and successfully. These measures are also useful in preventing other complications, such as massive hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure, and respiratory failure due to non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Primary health care (PHC) settings and the community are ideal spaces for this type of preventive management based on health education and active case detection. It involves training all medical and nursing staff, students, and community health workers, as well as reorganizing health care in PHC units and hospitals and redistributing available resources during a dengue epidemic.
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PMID:[Preventing deaths from dengue: a space and challenge for primary health care]. 1701 26

Many kinds of cytokines and chemokines are produced in response to influenza virus infection through the course of cytokine cascade. Even a single cytokine exhibits various biological activities and different types of cells produce the same identical cytokine. In general, cytokines act to maintain the homeostasis of host condition. In influenza virus infection, it works as protective for the host against virus infection at its early stage, but often as pathogenic in its later stage. Cytokines play a pivotal role in establishment of virus specific immunity. However, over expression of cytokines causes irreversible severe damages to the host, including shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure, a typical form of which is influenza encephalopathy. Pathogenicity of influenza virus might be determined by means of its potential capability to induce proinflammatory cytokines.
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PMID:[Cytokines and chemokines induced by influenza virus infection]. 1703 55

A 65-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized because of acute hepatitis and severe cholestasis due to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection combined with a drug reaction to a cold preparation. He died of disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe intestinal bleeding due to systemic cytomegalovirus reactivation following the development of severe eruptions with marked eosinophilia due to drug hypersensitivity to taurine and ursodeoxycholate preparations. The close interaction between viral infection or reactivation and drug hypersensitivity was considered as a pathophysiology in this case, which emphasizes the need for further study of the immunological mechanism of the interaction.
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PMID:A case of acute hepatitis E associated with multidrug hypersensitivity and cytomegalovirus reactivation. 1730 Jul 12

Disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection after organ transplantation in adults is a rare but serious event causing significant morbidity and mortality. We describe our 10-year experience of 13 cases in a single center, including risk factors for infection, lack of protection from pre-existing anti-varicella-zoster virus antibodies, and unusual modes of presentation, including disseminated intravascular coagulation. We also report our preliminary observation of resolution of infection without sequelae in 4 patients with severe disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection who were treated with the combination of intravenous acyclovir and polyspecific intravenous immunoglobulin.
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PMID:Varicella infection after heart and lung transplantation: a single-center experience. 1740 83

We report a case of infectious purpura fulminans due to pneumococcal pneumonia in a 61-year-old man presenting multiple organ failure and pneumococcal bacteremia secondary to pneumonia on admission. His lower limbs showed rapidly progressive purpura and symmetrical dry gangrene. He had no history of or apparent immunodeficiency, including asplenia, in abdominal ultrasonography. Despite of therapy, he died on day 15 after admission. Infectious purpura fulminans involves skin lesions with severe infection often accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation and septic shock. Although it occurs mainly in childhood, especially as a complication of Neisseria meningitis or Varicella virus infection, it has also been reported in adult, as a rare complication of invasive pneumococcal infection. Most had immunodeficiency such as asplenia or postsplenectomy. Purpura fulminans in a previously healthy adult is very rare and this is insofar as we know, the first report in Japan detailing the development from pneumococcal pneumonia.
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PMID:[Purpura fulminans due to pneumococcal pneumonia in a healthy adult: a case report]. 1744 79

In this case report we describe a fatal intrauterine HSV-2 infection in a mother with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without signs, symptoms or serological evidence of infection with this virus during pregnancy. A normally developed infant was delivered by caesarean section and the course of the viral infection was rapid and fatal within the first d. Histopathology demonstrated disseminated intravascular coagulation in several organs. The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR amplifications of HSV-2 DNA from several organs of the child at autopsy and further supported by DNA sequencing of the viral amplicon derived from brain. Despite a significant IgG titre rise to a type-common HSV IgG antigen being seen in the mother, no IgG response to the HSV-2 type-specific glycoprotein G (gG) could be documented during long-term follow-up.
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PMID:Fatal intrauterine infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in an infant from a mother lacking seroreactivity to glycoprotein G. 1746 69

This is the first report of the largest epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) virus infection (2006) with IgM-confirmed cases from Karachi, Pakistan. Medical records of 172 IgM-positive patients were reviewed retrospectively for demographic, clinical and laboratory data. Patients were categorized into dengue fever (DF) and DHF according to the WHO severity grading scale. The mean+/-SD age of the patients was 25.9+/-12.8 years, 55.8% were males and the hemoconcentration was recorded in a small number of patients [10 (7.0%)]. Male gender [odds ratio (OR)=14.7, P=0.003), positive history of vomiting (OR=4.3, P=0.047), thrombocytopenia at presentation (OR=225.2, P<0.001) and monocytosis (OR=5.8, P=0.030) were independently associated with DHF, but not with DF. Five cases (2.9%) had a fatal outcome, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4. Three were from a pediatric group (<15 years). Pulmonary hemorrhages, disseminated intravascular coagulation and cerebral edema preceded death in these patients. The results have highlighted significant findings, such as adult susceptibility to DHF, pronounced abdominal symptoms and lack of hemoconcentration at time of presentation in the study population. These findings may play an important role in the case definitions of future studies from this part of the world.
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PMID:Dengue outbreak in Karachi, Pakistan, 2006: experience at a tertiary care center. 1770 59


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