Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemic stroke following snake bite is rare. We report an 18-year male who developed right hemiplegia with expressive aphasia following a Russell's viper bite. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory. The possible mechanisms for cerebral infarction in this scenario include disseminated intravascular coagulation, toxin induced vasculitis and endothelial damage.
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PMID:Acute ischemic infarct in the middle cerebral artery territory following a Russell's viper bite. 1977 May 52

Retinal hemorrhages in children occasionally accompany bacterial meningitis, usually due to hemophilus or meningococcal organisms. The hemorrhages may be intraretinal, usually in the posterior pole of the eye and few in number, or, more uncommonly, subhyaloid or vitreous. Pathogenesis may include vasculitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or intracranial hypertension. We report 2 cases of bilateral severe retinal hemorrhages in fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
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PMID:Severe retinal hemorrhages in infants with aggressive, fatal Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. 2022 31

Vasculitis causing palpable purpura, nephropathy, and hematologic abnormalities is a well-known entity. However, sometimes, vasculitis may not be the primary cause but is part of a systemic disease. Literature suggests that infections like HIV can induce nephropathy and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis, which is different from the well-known entity of "antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis." We present a 46-year-old female patient with a history of intravenous drug abuse who reported with a rash, swelling, and palpable purpura of the lower extremities. Peripheral smear showed no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; metabolic profile showed acute kidney injury. She was found to be HIV- and hepatitis C-positive. Immunologic workup was positive for both MPO and PR3 antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies and negative for cryoglobulins; complement levels were low. Skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis but kidney biopsy was negative for any immunologic involvement; it showed only glomerulosclerosis. Thus, it was thought that nephropathy and vasculitis, in this case, are two distinct pathologic processes, both induced by infection (HIV and/or hepatitis C). The patient responded to low-dose steroid therapy. She was later started on the definitive therapy, the highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. This case illustrates the fact that low-dose steroids can still be a good alternative in acute situations in patients at risk from immunosuppression.
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PMID:A case of palpable purpura and nephropathy: Occam's Razor or Hickam's Dictum. 2124 15

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to damage to several vital organs. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), manifesting as vascular thromboembolic events and morbidities of pregnancy in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), has been described in patients with SLE. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS), in contradistinction to APS, is defined as three or more organs affected by thrombotic microangiopathy in patients demonstrating aPL and can result in mortality up to 50%. We describe a unique SLE patient who was diagnosed with recurrent APS presented with axillary venous thrombosis and subsequent superficial edema and compartment syndrome. The CAPS followed and revealed thromboses over liver, spleen, and acute pancreatitis. The spontaneous hemorrhage of left fourth intercostal artery (ICA) and left axillary artery occured at the same time without vasculitis or severe trauma. Though emergency transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the left fourth ICA was successfully accomplished by the radiologist. The repeated computed tomography angiogram of chest demonstrated remission of ruptured ICA. Nevertheless, the patient died of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and respiratory failure and shock. Both disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and CAPS share similar characteristics encompassing thrombotic microangiopathy, bleeding, thromboembolism, and multiple organ dysfunction. It is difficult to distinguish between them, especially in cases such as our uremic SLE patient with a calamitous disease progression. The emphasis of treatment for DIC is on platelet and fresh plasma transfusion, in contrast with anti-coagulant for CAPS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing ICA hemorrhage in an SLE patient without vasculitis or aneurysm. The lupus flare initiated a pathological immunological cascade and resulted in the CAPS and the vascular damage.
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PMID:A spontaneous intercostal artery hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. 2133 30

Retiform purpura consists of branching purpuric lesions caused by a complete blockage of blood flow in the dermal and subcutaneous vasculature. The differential diagnosis for retiform purpura is broad, including vasculitides of the small and medium vessels as well as microvascular occlusion due to thrombotic, infectious, and embolic phenomena. Determining the etiology of this important dermatologic sign can be a diagnostic challenge; however, an organized approach can improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and identify an effective treatment. This review focuses on early recognition, evaluation, and treatment of hospitalized patients with retiform purpura. Specifically, vasculitis, protein C and S deficiencies, heparin necrosis, warfarin necrosis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cryoglobulinemia, calciphylaxis, and cholesterol embolization syndrome will be discussed in detail. These conditions are commonly seen in consultative dermatology and can have multiorgan involvement, complicated laboratory evaluation, and long-term therapeutic implications.
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PMID:An approach to the patient with retiform purpura. 2141 Jun 6

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is widely reported to develop after renal transplantation and is induced by activation of a latent human herpes virus 8. We report the clinical features and outcome of a 50-year-old woman who presented with KS 18 weeks after starting immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis. She had positive-titer IgG antibody to human herpes virus 8. Cyclophosphamide pulses were interrupted, and prednisone was decreased gradually to 10 mg/day. Skin lesions showed important regression with stabilization of the general state and renal function. Eight months later, the patient presented with a diffuse cutaneous KS that required the discontinuation of steroids. Within 1 month, her general status and renal function deteriorated, and she died with a disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma following immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis. 2142 34

Swine erysipelas (SE) is a disease caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and is one of the best-known and most serious diseases affecting domestic pigs. However, few studies exist concerning the susceptibility of wild boars to this disease and the role of this species as a reservoir. This study investigates and describes an outbreak of SE that occurred on a semi-intensive wild boar breeding farm housing 40 boars in Extremadura (SW Spain) on 11-18 February 2010. Seven animals died, of which four were examined post-mortem. Of these, three (two females and one male) were approximately 3 months old, and one was 1 year old (male). Lesions were consistent with acute septicaemia, consisting of cutaneous erythema/cyanosis and petechial haemorrhages in kidneys, urinary bladder, lungs and meninges. The 1-year-old male also had proliferative polyarthritis. Histopathology confirmed the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and vasculitis. Additionally, a bilateral acute panuveitis with concurrent necrotizing vasculitis and diffuse corneal oedema, neither of which have been described before in this disease, were found in the 3-month-old male boar. E. rhusiopathiae was isolated from all four animals in pure cultures from several tissues. Of these four animals, antibodies against E. rhusiopathiae, using an indirect ELISA test, were only detected in the 1-year-old male boar with polyarthritis. Posteriorly, of nine live adults tested for antibodies, four (including an adult male with polyarthritis) were positive.
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PMID:Outbreak of swine erysipelas in a semi-intensive wild boar farm in Spain. 2164 79

Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, i.e., with no evidence of immune deposits in the blood vessel, is the most prevalent form of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). In the pathogenesis of pauci-immune renal disease inflammation of blood vessels in the presence of circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) takes place. However the lack of ANCA (about 5-30% of patients) does not exclude pauci-immune vasculitis. The patients without circulating ANCA might have fewer extrarenal symptoms than those who are ANCA-positive. We describe a case of a 40-year old women with ANCA-negative renal limited pauci-immune small-vessel vasculitis with rapidly decreasing kidney function. She was ineffectively treated with plasmapheresis combined with a puls of cyclophosphamide (i.v.) and 3 pulses of methyloprednisolone (i.v.). The patient progressed to end-stage renal disease and should be treated with renal replacement therapy. In differential diagnosis we excluded other causes of pauci-immune vasculitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis), vasculitis with immune complexes deposition (systemic lupus erythematosus, Schoenlein-Henoch purpura, post-infection RPGN), Goodpasture disease, haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and Wilson's disease.
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PMID:[Rapidly progressive ANCA-negative glomerulonephritis in the course of pauci immune microscopic vasculitis with hemolytic anemia probable in the course of Wilson's disease]. 2175 23

Though uncommon, scorpion stings can cause cerebrovascular accidents by various mechanisms such as venom induced autonomic storm leading to hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis, DIC or vasculitis by direct actions. We present a case of intracerebral bleed following scorpion sting, which is a rare presentation and seldom reported.
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PMID:Fatal intracerebral haemorrhage following scorpion sting. 2201 May 93

Colitis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is quite rare. It can be caused by intestinal vasculitis, mesenteric vascular thrombosis, concomitant inflammatory bowel disease or infectious colitis. It is important to make an accurate and early diagnosis as the treatments for each condition differ and a delayed diagnosis can result in life-threatening complications. However, non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms make a timely diagnosis challenging. Amoebic colitis is a rare condition in patients with SLE. Here we present a case of fulminant amoebic colitis in a patient with SLE which was initially misdiagnosed as ischemic colitis due to intestinal vasculitis. Her colitis was complicated with multiple intestinal perforations, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute respiratory distress syndrome; but in the end, the patient was successfully treated with metronidazole and paromomycin.
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PMID:Fulminant amoebic colitis mimicking intestinal vasculitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 2257 Mar 37


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