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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is reported. A 31-year-old woman who had been treated with steroid for SLE was admitted to our department with severe headache, and nausea. CT scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage and the left carotid angiogram revealed a small aneurysm at the supraclinoid portion of the left internal carotid artery. She had no neurological deficit. Hematological examination on admission showed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), therefore, we decided to perform an intentionally delayed operation. In the meantime we treated the patient for DIC with FOY and methylprednisolone. The operation was performed after two weeks, when DIC had been eliminated completely. Postoperative hematological examination showed severe thrombocytopenia. We considered that SLE had come to the fore again, so we used Danazol in company with FOY and steroid. It seemed that Danazol was very effective for her. She was discharged about two months after admission with no problem. Cerebral apoplexy, such as cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, has often been seen in SLE, but subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm is very rare. We could find only five reports of this phenomenon. Their prognoses were all, unfortunately, poor. It should be born in mind for therapy that a patient in SLE has a tendency to bleed. It seems that repeated hematological examinations and quick and proper management are important. We think that the aneurysmal formation in SLE is due to lupus vasculitis or the fragility of blood vessels due to a long use of Steroid.
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PMID:[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm]. 220 86

Dermal vascular skin necrosis is associated with a complex group of clinical disorders. Many of these disorders are associated with an underlying abnormality of the PC anticoagulant system or DIC, or both. The clinical appearance and histopathologic features of dermal vascular skin necrosis are similar regardless of the etiology. Acute infectious purpura fulminans is distinct in that an acute vasculitis may be present in addition to microvascular thrombosis. Skin biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool in the early recognition of these clinical disorders, since skin involvement is frequently an early manifestation of the disease process. Prompt recognition and institution of appropriate therapy at the reversible stages of dermal vascular thrombosis will, it is hoped, reduce the morbidity and mortality currently associated with skin necrosis and purpura fulminans.
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PMID:Dermatopathology of skin necrosis associated with purpura fulminans. 228 18

Authors survey the most significant haemostatic complications (thrombocytopenia, DIC, vasculitis, thrombotic microangiopathy) as well as their immune and non-immune pathogenesis in infectious diseases. A short summary of therapeutic facilities and the infectious hazards of blood component therapy is also given.
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PMID:[Infectious diseases and hemostasis]. 231 73

A 20-year-old female presented with sudden onset of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and vomiting progressing to fever, tachycardia and mild hypotension. Within 12 hours, a petechial rash appeared on the face and abdomen, spreading to the extremities. Laboratory findings confirmed the diagnosis of acute meningococcaemia. Clinical features of endotoxic shock, vasculitis and skin necrosis rapidly ensued. Aggressive treatment to control the septicaemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and unstable cardiovascular state ultimately proved successful. Approximately 6 weeks later, amputation of some of the digits and extensive skin grafting were carried out in the Regional Burns Unit. However, serious psychological side effects gradually began to appear which required urgent psychiatric intervention. For an active young woman the challenge of coping with such a severe illness and coming to terms with the disability and disfigurement resulting from it was almost overwhelming. It was, perhaps, particularly hard because of the threat posed to her ambition to complete her nursing education and become a nurse. Little was found in the nursing literature on acute meningococcaemia. But this illness provides considerable challenges not only to those who suffer from it, but also to those who nurse them. A final brief review of published literature on acute meningococcaemia and the clinical manifestations and outcome of it is provided for those who wish to know more about it.
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PMID:Acute meningococcaemia: a case study. 232 67

Skin lesions, an important clue to the cause of septicemia, result from five main processes: (1) disseminated intravascular coagulation and coagulopathy; (2) direct vascular invasion and occlusion by bacteria or fungi; (3) immune vasculitis and immune complex formation; (4) emboli from endocarditis; and (5) vascular effects of toxins. Disseminated intravascular coagulation probably plays only a minor role in pathogenesis. Vascular invasion by bacteria may result in a severe inflammatory reaction, as in meningococcemia, or in a minimal reaction, as in ecthyma gangrenosum. Gram-stained smears of scrapings from the base of skin lesions--a frequently neglected procedure--is an important diagnostic adjunct. Skin biopsies are particularly important in the diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and infections caused by Candida.
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PMID:Skin clues in the diagnosis of life-threatening infections. 351 82

The procoagulant activity of rabbit peritoneal leukocytes significantly increased when the leukocytes were incubated in suspension cultures at 37 C for 24 hours. Intravenous infusions of Iysates of 232 x 10(6) rabbit leukocytes which had been incubated in cultures at 37 C for 24 hours produced disseminated intravascular coagulation and vasculitis involving the pulmonary arteries in normal rabbits. Intraaortic infusions of lysates of 230 x 10(6) similarly incubated leukocytes produced renal thrombosis and renal cortical necrosis in normal rabbits. These observations suggest that the procoagulant of granulocytic leukocytes could play a role in the generalized Shwartzman reaction and other syndromes of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:Disseminated intravascular coagulation induced with leukocyte procoagulant. 508 98

Endothelial injury is important in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, atherosclerosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and vasculitis. The ability of several common human viruses to infect cultures of endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical veins or bovine thoracic aorta was demonstrated. Indicators of infection included cytopathology, viral growth curves, and antigen detection by immunofluorescence. Herpes simplex virus type 1, adenovirus type 7, measles virus, and parainfluenza virus type 3 infected both human venous and bovine aorta endothelium. Mumps virus, poliovirus type 1, and echovirus type 9 grew only in human venous cells; coxsackievirus B4 infected only bovine arterial cultures; and cytomegalovirus, influenza A/Victoria/75 (H3N2) virus, and respiratory syncytial virus failed to grow in either cell culture. During replication some viruses caused acute lytic changes; some produced chronic, less destructive alterations; and other induced no apparent cytopathology. The results suggest that viral replication within endothelium may be important in the pathogenesis of viral disease of initiation of vessel-wall injury.
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PMID:Virus infection of endothelial cells. 626 Aug 74

A term newborn suffered disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II infection five days after cesarean section delivery for fetal distress. The mother had no history or evidence of herpetic lesions; the father had a history of genital herpetic lesions. The infant's terminal course was dominated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with hepatic and renal failure. Microscopic examination revealed a necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium-sized lung and peripancreatic arteries. Nuclear inclusions characteristic of HSV were found in these arteries, as well as in the adrenal parenchyma, spleen, and lymph node; electron microscopy confirmed replication of virus within the arterial endothelial cells. The mechanism of arterial damage in severe herpetic infection contrasts with the immune-complex mechanism postulated for other viral vasculitides. Direct, virally induced arterial damage resulting in exposure of collagen may set the stage of DiC, a commonly fatal complication of this disease.
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PMID:Necrotizing vasculitis in a case of disseminated neonatal herpes simplex infection. 689 28

A case of excessive heparin requirement during cardiopulmonary bypass is reported. A patient with sepsis secondary to a myocardial abscess require 13.5 mg x kg-1 of heparin to increase his activated coagulation time to a therapeutic level. This phenomenon might be due to individual variability, lupus vasculitis, septicaemia, repeated thromboembolic phenomenon with hypercoagulable state, or chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation with partial antithrombin deficiency.
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PMID:Excessive requirement for heparin during cardiac surgery. 723 24

We examined the kinetics of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in relation to LPS tolerance and endotoxemic lesions of piglets. The plasma of piglets demonstrated cytotoxicity to TNF-sensitive L929 cells between 0.5 and 4 h after inoculation with 200 micrograms kg-1 of LPS. This cytotoxicity was neutralized by anti-bovine TNF serum. These piglets had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and meningoencephalitis. However, if piglets were first treated with three doses of 40 micrograms kg-1 of LPS, both TNF production and the occurrence of DIC were inhibited when 200 micrograms kg-1 of LPS was inoculated into these piglets. Repetitive inoculation with increasing doses of LPS induced fibrinoid vasculitis, meningoencephalitis and pneumonitis, while hemorrhage was minimal. A very low amount of TNF activity was detected from most of the samples of a piglet after repeated LPS inoculation. These results suggested that severity of the hemorrhagic and thrombotic lesions might relate to the amount of endogenous TNF activity, and that LPS tolerance might relate to inhibition of TNF production.
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PMID:Endogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production and modification of pathological lesions in experimental Escherichia coli endotoxemia of piglets. 760 37


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