Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukemia affects the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurologic complications are a consequence of direct leukemic infiltration, as occurs with leukemic meningitis, and due to complications of either antileukemic treatment (thrombocytopenic or disseminated intravascular coagulation-related intracranial hemorrhage, steroid myopathy, vinca alkaloid peripheral neuropathy) or immune compromise (Herpes zoster shingles or Aspergillus meningitis).
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PMID:Leukemia and the nervous system. 1561 Jun 89

Purulent meningitis (PM), depending on etiology, is associated by up to 30-40 % risk of severe neurological complications and death. Neuronal death occurs frequently as a result of toxin-induced apoptosis and hypoxia. Hypoxia is the result of cerebral edema and hypoperfusion. The former being the reason for, the later the result of elevation of intracranial pressure. Hypoperfusion additionally results from loss of autoregulation of cerebral perfusion and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), causing thrombosis. Spare works in human-beings announce a frequency of DIC of ca 40% in PM. The influence of DIC on prognosis remains unsatisfactory explained. Uncommon are also reports on use of anticoagulants, most often heparins, in PM, but they indicate a possible benefit. It is necessary to conduct epidemiological studies evaluating and staging DIC in patients with PM as well as multivariate analysis to determine its influence on outcome. Drugs of anticoagulant action should be considered for improvement the efficacy of supportive therapy, because this could be of benefit for outcome in PM.
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PMID:[Influence of intravascular coagulation on brain injury and clinical course in purulent meningitis]. 1696 79

We report a case of infectious purpura fulminans due to pneumococcal pneumonia in a 61-year-old man presenting multiple organ failure and pneumococcal bacteremia secondary to pneumonia on admission. His lower limbs showed rapidly progressive purpura and symmetrical dry gangrene. He had no history of or apparent immunodeficiency, including asplenia, in abdominal ultrasonography. Despite of therapy, he died on day 15 after admission. Infectious purpura fulminans involves skin lesions with severe infection often accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation and septic shock. Although it occurs mainly in childhood, especially as a complication of Neisseria meningitis or Varicella virus infection, it has also been reported in adult, as a rare complication of invasive pneumococcal infection. Most had immunodeficiency such as asplenia or postsplenectomy. Purpura fulminans in a previously healthy adult is very rare and this is insofar as we know, the first report in Japan detailing the development from pneumococcal pneumonia.
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PMID:[Purpura fulminans due to pneumococcal pneumonia in a healthy adult: a case report]. 1744 79

In order to asses the clinical forms of meningococcal disease, we reviewed 201 cases diagnosed as meningococcal disease in the University Hospital of the Fluminense Federal University in Rio de Janeiro, 185 of which met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and laboratorial characterization allowed for grouping of the cases as follows: meningococcal meningitis, 18%; meningitis with septicemia, 62%; and septicemia, 20%. Available epidemiological data did not differentiate clinical forms. The following were significantly greater in meningococcal meningitis: duration of clinical history; frequency of neurological manifestations; positive bacterioscopy; culture and latex test in cerebrospinal fluid. The following were significantly predominant in septicemia: shock; fatal outcome and higher partial thromboplastin time. Septicemia and meningitis with septicemia were differentiated from meningococcal meningitis in the following: duration of clinical history; occurrence of focal neurological signs; disseminated intravascular coagulation; and arthritis. Clinical and laboratory data lead us to admit meningococcal meningitis as a localized form of Meningococcal disease, and meningitis with septicemia and septicemia as variations in severity of the systemic form of the disease.
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PMID:[Meningococcal disease: comparison between clinical forms]. 1765 66

Within last 17 years we went through all charts of bacterial meningitis within our nationwide survey and among 372 cases we found 62 cases of MM, in 12 cases with meningococcal disease (with shock, petechial effusions or disseminated intravascular coagulation or digital gangrenes). MM was usually observed in young adults without any of investigated risk factors like neoplasia, ENT (ear, nose, throat) focuses, elderly age, sepsis, diabetes, alcoholism, trauma, neonatal VLBW etc. Trauma, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse and chronic sinusitis/otitis were significantly less frequently found as a risk factor for MM. Mortality was very low, only 4.8% and was lower than overall mortality in CBM (12.4%, NS). Also the proportion of neurologic sequellae (9.7%) and initial treatment failure (8.1%) were comparable or even lower. This positive outcome results are probably because all N. meningitis strains were susceptible to penicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxim, cotrimoxazol or ciprofloxacin. Other reason for low mortality was that most cases received oral antibiotic immediately, even before admission (50 of 62). 95.2% of cases survived, 90.3% without any transient neurological residual symptoms.
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PMID:Meningococcal meningitis is still the commonest neuroinfection in the community in tropics: overview of 62 cases. 1803 Feb 71

Bacterial meningitis remains a major cause of death and long-term neurologic sequelae worldwide. We present a case of fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and concomitant disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a 72-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus (DM). Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures grew Klebsiella pneumoniae. Due to advanced age, newly recognized DM, K. pneumoniae bacteremia, and DIC, the prognosis of our patient was poor. Eight hours after arrival to the emergency department, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was necessary in this patient, but she died despite an early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis and concomitant disseminated intravascular coagulation in a patient with diabetes mellitus. 1956 76

Animal and human bite wounds can lead to serious infections. The organisms recovered generally originate from the biter's oral cavity and the victim's skin flora. Anaerobes were isolated from more than two thirds of human and animal bite infections. Streptococcus pyogenes is often recovered in human bites, Pasteurella multocida in animal bites, Eikenella corrodens in animal and human, Capnocytophaga spp, Neisseria weaveri, Weeksella zoohelcum, Neisseria canis, Staphylococcus intermedius, nonoxidizer-1, and eugonic oxidizer-2 in dog, Flavobacterium group in pig, and Actinobacillus spp in horse and sheep bites. Vibrio spp, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Pseudomonas spp can cause infections in bites associated with marine settings. In addition to local wound infection, complications include lymphangitis, local abscess, septic arthritis, tenosynovitis, and osteomyelitis. Uncommon complications include endocarditis, meningitis, brain abscess, and sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulation especially in immunocompromised individuals. Wound management includes administering local care and using proper antimicrobial therapy when needed.
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PMID:Management of human and animal bite wound infection: an overview. 1969 83

We report a 4-year-old boy with fulminating meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae (Hib). He suddenly developed fever, vomiting and then somnolence. As bacterial meningitis was suspected, treatment with antibiotics was started at 12 hours after the onset. However, there was a rapid progression of severe brain edema and brain hernia, leading to clinical brain death. His clinical course and neuroradiological findings mimicked those in patients with acute encephalopathy, with cytokine profiles in cerebrospinal fluid demonstrating a marked increase of inflammatory cytokines. From a review of the literature, fulminating Hib meningitis may be classified into two disease types: DIC plus multiple organ failure and acute brain swelling types. The present case belongs to the latter type, in which cytokine storm seems to play an important pathogenic role.
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PMID:[Fulminating meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae with rapid progression of severe brain edema similar to acute encephalopathy]. 1992 44

The Gram-negative pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide (1). The host range for this organism is restricted to humans, where it colonizes the mucosal epithelium of the upper airway. It occasionally disseminates causing invasive disease (sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC], meningitis). Epidemic meningococcal meningitis is a major health problem, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1999, an outbreak of meningococcal disease spread across Guinea-Bissau, a region that is part of what is commonly called the African meningitis belt (2). There were 2,169 reported cases and 404 deaths resulting from meningococcal disease in this outbreak from Jan. 1 to April 5, 1999. Also in 1999, there were reported outbreaks in Sudan (22,000 cases and 1,600 deaths) Rwanda (29 cases and 11 deaths), Angola (253 cases and 147 deaths), Ethiopia (126 cases and 4 deaths) and Senegal (2,709 cases and 372 deaths) (2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), each year approx 500,000 cases of meningitis and 50,000 deaths are attributable to N. meningitidis worldwide. In the United States, meningococcal disease is less common, although small outbreaks are reported each year (3).
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PMID:Isolation and analysis of radiolabeled meningococcal endotoxin. 2133 60

A 14-day-old neonate was transferred to our university hospital because of respiratory distress and mild disturbance of consciousness. He had no history of abnormal pregnancy or delivery, but had developed apnea at 6 days old. Thereafter, respiratory distress progressed and his condition deteriorated. On admission to our hospital, several vesicles were found on the left upper arm, and moderate hepatomegaly was also present. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II genome was detected from serum, spinal fluid, and bone marrow. Laboratory examinations revealed typical abnormalities of disseminated intravascular coagulation, increased levels of serum ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated activated macrophages and hemophagocytosis. Spinal tap revealed numerous mononuclear cells. Meningitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) due to systemic HSV type II infection were thus diagnosed. Acyclovir (60 mg/kg/day) and vidarabine were promptly administered. Dexamethasone palmitate and intravenous cyclosporine were also administered for systemic inflammation due to VAHS. Finally, these aggressive therapies rescued the patient without any sequelae. In general, neonatal systemic HSV infection is life-threatening and results in poor intact survival. Our case report suggests that not only antiviral treatment for HSV, but also anti-inflammatory treatment including steroid and cyclosporine should be considered from the early phase of neonatal systemic HSV infection.
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PMID:[Neonatal herpes simplex type II virus infection complicated with meningitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome]. 2237 49


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