Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined activities of procoagulant and fibrinolysis in homogenate of leukemic cells. Procoagulant activity (PCA) was increased in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but it was significantly decreased in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and adult T cell leukemia. In CML, PCA was increased in the blastic phase. Plasminogen activator activity (PLGAA) was also increased in patients with AML, APL and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Elastase-like activity, trypsin-like activity and chymotrypsin-like activity (CTLA) were increased in those with myelocytic leukemia, but they were low in those with lymphocytic leukemia. PCA, PLGAA and CTLA were significantly higher in patients with DIC than in those without DIC. Measurement of procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity in leukemic cells homogenate may be useful not only for studying hemostatic abnormalities but also for classification of leukemic cells.
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PMID:[Activity of procoagulant and fibrinolysis in homogenate of leukemic cells]. 259 44

Cellular release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) was assessed in a series of human acute and chronic lymphoid and myeloid leukemias at presentation or in an active phase of the disease. PAF-like material, showing physicochemical properties similar to those of synthetic PAF and of PAF released from IgE-sensitized rabbit basophils, was found in cultures of cells from 5 of 6 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) (2 of 2 T-ALL and 3 of 4 common ALL) and from 13 of 24 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias after stimulation with ionophore A23187 with or without phytohemagglutinin in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A. On the other hand, PAF was released only from 2 of 10 acute myeloblastic leukemias; both of them were of the more mature monoblastic subtype or M5 according to the French-American-British classification. Cells from all three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia studied were also capable of producing PAF. In eight cases of acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia, the in vivo release of PAF was assessed by testing the plasma levels of this mediator. Only in two cases (one ALL and one acute myeloblastic leukemia) could detectable levels of circulating PAF be demonstrated; it is of interest that both of these cases showed clinical and hematological features of disseminated intravascular coagulation. No PAF was documented in the plasma of the five chronic leukemias tested (four B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias and one chronic myeloid leukemia). These findings indicate that lymphoid and myeloid leukemic cells have a different capacity of releasing PAF, possibly related to the level of cell differentiation rather than to an intrinsic property of the neoplastic cells. Furthermore, in some cases, an intravascular release of PAF may occur.
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PMID:Release of platelet-activating factor in human leukemia. 386 Dec 46

We attempted to examine procoagulant activity (PCA), X activator activity (XAA) and plasminogen activator activity (PlgAA) of various leukemic cell lysates: 17 acute myelocytic leukemias (AML), 4 acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL), 9 acute myelomonocytic leukemias (AMMoL), 7 chronic myelocytic leukemias (CML), 4 CML with blastic crisis, 7 T cell acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALL), 8 adult T cell leukemias (ATL), 8 null cell ALL, 6 B cell lymphocytic leukemias. Among those 70 cases, 4 APL, 4 AMMoL and 5 AML were associated with overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and 5 T cell ALL, 7 ATL and 2 null cell ALL were associated with hypofibrinogenemia not adapted for DIC. The sample used was the lysate of 10(7) cells. PCA was measured by recalcification time of normal plasma with the cell lysate, XAA and PlgAA was measured by chromogenic substrate. APL and AML, especially those associated with overt DIC, had high PCA, and lymphocytic leukemia generally had low PCA in comparison with normal controls. Total PCA (PCA multiplied by cell count/microliter) was remarkably increased in DIC and mildly increased in ALL with hypofibrinogenemia. The change in XAA and total XAA (XAA multiplied by cell count/microliter) was not remarkable in any leukemia except for T cell ALL and null cell ALL with hypofibrinogenemia. PlgAA was high in lymphocytic leukemias with hypofibrinogenemia, APL and AMMoL with DIC. Total PlgAA (PlgAA multiplied by cell count/microliter) was high especially in T cell ALL and null cell ALL with hypofibrinogenemia. Thus it is probable that PCA is the most important factor causing DIC in myelogenous leukemia and that PlgAA is the most important factor causing hypofibrinogenemia in lymphocytic leukemia. The measurement of these activities in the leukemic cells is valuable in prediction and prevention of the hemostatic disorder in leukemia.
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PMID:Coagulant and fibrinolytic activities in the leukemic cell lysates. 635 39

Tissue factor (TF) antigen and activity were measured in leukemic cell homogenates. In leukemic cell homogenate, especially that of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), both TF antigen and activity were significantly higher than these levels in the mononuclear cells obtained from healthy volunteers. Both TF antigen and activity were significantly higher in myelocytic leukemia than in lymphocytic leukemia cells. In leukemic cell homogenates, there was a close correlation between TF antigen and TF activity. The TF activity/TF antigen ratio was significantly higher in myelocytic leukemia than in lymphocytic leukemia cells. As the TF activity was not increased in lymphocytic leukemia cell homogenates to which were added phospholipids, the decrease in TF activity in lymphocytic leukemia might not be due to phospholipid in the leukemic cell membrane. Values for TF activity, TF antigen, and the TF activity/TF antigen ratio in leukemic cell homogenate from patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were significantly higher than those in patients without DIC. Therefore, the measurement of TF antigen and activity in leukemic cells could be useful for the prediction of DIC.
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PMID:Elevated tissue factor levels in leukemic cell homogenate. 1072 43

Many hematologists believe that anti-tumor drugs and platelet transfusion are enough for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with myelogenous leukemia. In this paper, showing the pathophysiology of 3 types of DIC, I insisted the necessity of anticoagulant therapy to avoid the bleeding death or ischemic organ damage before achieving the hematological remission, because myelogenous leukemia is now a curable disease. In addition, I introduced the new Japan-made weapon to DIC, recombinant thrombomodulin, which complexes with thrombin and regulates the coagulation activity by efficient activation of protein C. Using two different natural anticoagulant systems, antithrombin and protein C pathway, we can more effectively improve DIC treatment and alleviate symptoms in DIC patients.
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PMID:[Treatment of DIC associated with myelogenous leukemia]. 1986 Feb 1

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a common myeloid leukemia. At the newly diagnosed stage, it can be fatal because of the serious complication-disseminated intravascular coagulation. With the advent and early application of all-trans retinoic acid, most APL patients can achieve a long-term survival, and only a minority of patients will develop extramedullary relapse after remission. The most common site of extramedullary relapse is central nervous system, while other sites are relatively rare. Here, we report a particularly rare APL patient who experienced extramedullary relapse with lumbar spine as the isolated site after a rather long time of remission for 16 years. At the time of relapse, the main clinical manifestations of the patient are obvious low back pain, weakness in lower limbs and limitation of activity. After treatment of local radiotherapy combined with ATRA and arsenic trioxide, the patient achieved and maintained a second complete remission by now.
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PMID:Extramedullary relapse in lumbar spine of patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia after remission for 16 years: a case report and literature review. 2688 24