Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A toxemia-like syndrome was induced in pregnant beagles by intraperitoneal inoculation of concentrates prepared from placentas of patients with preeclampsia-eclampsia and hydatidiform mole, which contained an agent, Hydatoxi lualba, that stained in a unique fashion with toluidine blue-O-. The pregnant dogs inoculated with either of these concentrates progressively developed hypertension, eyeground changes consistent with hypertensive retinopathy, proteinuria, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hepatic dysfunction in addition to intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine fetal death. Hepatic periportal hemorrhage and glomeruloendotheliosis, lesions usually seen in preeclampsia-eclampsia, were also noted to occur in pregnant beagles inoculated with these concentrates. A significant increased sensitivity to angiotensin II infusion was also noted. The toxemia-like syndrome did not develop in pregnant beagles when inoculated in a similar fashion with concentrates prepared from placentas from normal term pregnancies which were free of Hydatoxi lualba or in nonpregnant beagles inoculated with concentrates containing Hydatoxi lualba. Although the agent was not injected in pure form, the inoculation of concentrates containing Hydatoxi lualba appears to be required for the manifestation of the toxemia-like syndrome.
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PMID:Experimental induction of a toxemia-like syndrome in the pregnant beagle. 684 42

A patient with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) complicated by accelerated hypertension, postpartum renal failure and gangrene in all 4 extremities is presented. Pregnancy seldom has a significant effect upon the course of PSS unless there is renal involvement. Four previously reported cases of PSS with postpartum renal failure are reviewed. In our case, sepsis, shock, retained placenta, propranolol therapy and disseminated intravascular coagulation may have contributed to the development of renal failure and symmetrical peripheral gangrene.
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PMID:Progressive systemic sclerosis and postpartum renal failure complicated by peripheral gangrene. 712 Feb 40

As a result of severe injury or illness, a complex series of metabolic changes takes place in the body to enable it to cope with the stress and recover. Although these changes are beneficial and necessary, at times they are more extensive than desirable and may result in metabolic alkalosis, hypertension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and fibrinolysis.
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PMID:Overcompensation syndromes. 722 56

The platelet count in 550 patients with gestational hypertension was significantly lower and the mean platelet volume significantly higher than in normal pregnant women. Both the platelet count and volume became increasingly abnormal when hypertension was accompanied by oedema, proteinuria or both, and women with severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia had the lowest platelet counts and the highest mean platelet volume. The proportion of patients with thrombocytopenia and/or macrothrombocytosis also varied with the severity of the clinical presentation. Fibrinogen degradation products were found mainly in fully developed pre-eclampsia. These findings confirm the concept of a rapid platelet turnover caused by low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation in gestational hypertension. The platelet pattern in essential hypertension is similar to that seen in normal pregnancy.
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PMID:Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytosis in gestational hypertension. 729 1

To further characterize the role of vasopressin in DOC-salt hypertension, four groups of unilaterally nephrectomized rats were studied: control rats given no further treatment, rats treated with DOC and given 1% saline to drink, or rats treated with only DIC or 1% saline had similar pressor responses to exogenous vasopressin and angiotensin II. Within the DOC-salt group, two populations of rats were identified: one with normal pressor responsiveness to vasopressin, and one with markedly enhanced pressor responsiveness to vasopressin. Incidence of enhanced responsiveness increased with duration of treatment. Urinary excretion of vasopressin was elevated in the 1% saline and DOC-salt groups after 1 week of treatment, and in the DOC group after 4 weeks. However, the plasma vasopressin concentration was elevated only in the rats treated with both DOC and saline. It is suggested that vasopressin is essential for the expansion of blood volume in the early stages of DOC-salt hypertension, and functions as a direct pressor agent only in the later stages.
Hypertension
PMID:Pressor responsiveness to vasopressin in the rat with DOC-salt hypertension. 739 26

Hypertension is observed in 10 to 15% of pregnancies, but only 10% of affected women will suffer preeclampsia. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is based on an early anomaly of placental implantation, leading to a cascade of events (secretion of vasopressive prostaglandins, anomalies of hemostatis) which can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation. The diagnosis of preeclampsia is based on hypertension and significant proteinuria (above 0.5 g/24 h), and paraclinical maternal and fetal examinations to follow the evolution and detect the appearance of maternal complications (retroplacental haematoma, Hellp syndrome and eclampsia) and (or) fetal complications (delayed growth, in utero fetal death, perinatal death). The aim of hypertensive treatment is to normalise blood pressure and to avoid maternal complications. Preventive treatment with aspirin reduces the frequency of recurrent preeclampsia and delayed growth of the fetus.
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PMID:[Arterial hypertension and pregnancy]. 749 63

Sixty cases of severe eclampsia were treated in an intensive care unit between January 1989 and September 1993. Mean age was 26, and 70% of patients were primipara. The pregnancy has been unsupervised in almost all cases. All had visceral lesions and/or hematologic problems and there was impaired conscious level in 9 cases out of 10. Medical treatment involved the control of seizures and of hypertension. Cesarean section was performed in 34 cases. The maternal death rate was 23.3%. Our experience indicates that mortality depends upon visceral lesions (cerebral, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute pulmonary edema, Hellp syndrome). Better awareness of severity factors in preeclampsia improves both maternal and fetal prognosis by precisely indicating the best time for fetal extraction.
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PMID:[Maternal prognostic factors in severe eclampsia]. 764 67

The maternal mortality rate associated with eclampsia ranges from 100 to 6000 per 100,000, and the perinatal mortality rate ranges from 150 to 400 per 1000. Both eclampsia and its preceding condition, pregnancy-induced hypertension, occur in varying degrees in different parts of India. The warning signs of imminent eclampsia are 1) systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or more on two occasions six hours apart when the patient is on bed rest; 2) proteinuria of 5 g or more in 24 hours or 3 + or more by semiquantitative assay; 3) oliguria or anuria; 4) cerebral or visual disturbances; 5) pulmonary edema or cyanosis; and 6) epigastric/right hypochondriac pain, impaired liver function, and thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders. Eclampsia is classified as the acute fulminating type, which can occur without warning, and the insidious type. Most cases (61%) show onset of eclampsia during the prenatal period. Treatment of eclampsia involves 1) control of convulsions (through an injection of magnesium sulphate or diazepam or the intravenous administration of phenytoin); 2) correction of hypoxia and acidosis; 3) a gradual lowering of blood pressure with hydralazine hydrochloride, nifedipine, atenolol, labetalol, oxprenolol, or metoprolol); and 4) steps to effect delivery. Diagnosis of HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) requires a complete blood count, blood film for platelet count and red blood cell fragmentation, and a coagulation screen for diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Efforts to induce delivery in cases of prenatal eclampsia can take place 12-24 hours after convulsions have stopped. There is no reason to prolong pregnancy in the interests of the fetus, and in some cases Cesarean section may be required. Adequate prenatal care should allow the identification of almost every potential case of eclampsia and allow the prompt treatment of pre-eclampsia or termination of pregnancy when necessary. Medical staff must receive proper training to diagnose pre-eclampsia and treat the condition.
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PMID:Eclampsia. 765 39

Pre-operative and operative complications in 2266 patients having undergone transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for the past 20 years at Kitasato University Hospital were analyzed. They consisted of 2008 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 258 prostate cancer patients. Seven hundred and fifty four patients showed some of physical disorders prior to TUR:hypertension in 147 cases, diabetes mallitus in 87, ischemic heart disease in 46, chronic obstructive lung disease in 41 and others. Operative and postoperative complications of TURP were seen in 308 cases (13.6%). Perforation of the prostatic capsule was seen in 100 cases (4.4%) and bladder perforation into intraperitoneal cavity in 6 cases (0.3%). Transurethral fulgulation for postoperative hemorrhage was conducted on 79 cases (3.5%). Hyponatremia lower than 130 mEq/L was noted in 14 cases (0.6%). Severe urinary tract infection leading to bacteremia was observed in 9 cases (0.4%). Postoperative epididymitis was evident in 20 cases (0.8%). There was postoperative urinary incontinence in 19 cases, 3 of which was treated with Teflon-paste injection successfully. One patient had to undergo AMS-800 artificial sphincter implantation. The number of postoperative urethral stricture patients requiring urethral dilatation or internal urethrotomy was 12 (0.5%) and postoperative bladder neck contracture was seen in 20 cases (0.9%). One patient (0.04%) who developed DIC after profuse postoperative hemorrhage died on the 37th postoperative day. The efficiency of TURP depends not so much on the skill of cutting as on the speed and accuracy of orientation and haemostasis. The quick recognition of anatomical landmarks will assure effective and safe resection.
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PMID:[Pre-operative, operative and postoperative complications in 2266 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate]. 768 90

The ductus arteriosus of 19 premature infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (study group) was compared histologically with that of 22 infants without IUGR (control group). The two groups exhibited no significant differences in gestational age, age at death, and frequency of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Maternal complications, that is, pregnancy-induced hypertension, cesarean section, and low umbilical artery oxygen tension values, were seen more frequently (p < 0.01) in the study group than in the control group. The histologic changes of ductus arteriosus, such as fragmentation, coagulation necrosis of the intimal elastic lamina, hemorrhage with necrosis, and loosening of elastic fibers and muscles in the tunica media, were seen more frequently in the study group. These findings are suggestive of both the maturation process and the prenatal hypoxic response of premature IUGR fetuses with chronic hypoxia. These changes may have produced subsequent patent ductus arteriosus, which in turn may have induced pulmonary hemorrhage.
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PMID:Histologic observation of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants with intrauterine growth retardation. 783 Jan 59


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