Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 septicemia is described in this paper. A 45-year-old male with a three year history of liver cirrhosis, was admitted to our division with hematemesis, abdominal pain, high fever and a loss of consciousness. Three days before onset of symptoms, he traveled to Ishigaki Island and ate a raw lobster. Two days after, his temperature rose to 39.7 degrees C and the blood pressure dropped to 36/- mmHg. By endoscopic examination, an ulcer was found in the stomach, and the bleeding was stopped by electrical coagulation. Blood culture showed growth of V. cholerae non-O1. The organism was found to be sensitive to OFLX, CZX, MINO, LMOX and CP. Although DIC, infections of fungus and MRSA occurred as complications, he recovered by adequate procedures. Subsequently, he left this division after eight weeks. There are various reports related to V. cholerae non-O1 septicemia in foreign countries, but few cases have been reported in Japan. And these cases had severe underlying diseases such as leukemia and liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[A case of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 septicemia with liver cirrhosis]. 140 1

Cholera disease can be induced in the rabbit by duodenal inoculation (DI) of Vibrio cholerae organisms after ligation of the cecum (C) (DIC model). When ligation of the cecum is omitted, no disease symptoms develop. In contrast, the animals are primed which becomes apparent as vibriocidal protection upon challenge with V. cholerae in the DIC model. This protection coincides with high anti-O antigen IgA levels in the bile. The O antigen was shown to be the protective antigen and it must be presented by live organisms. A non-enterotoxigenic mutant of V. cholerae induced protective immunity in the rabbit but was reported to cause mild diarrhea in human volunteers. Looking for alternatives, we applied cholera toxin, known as a mucosal adjuvant, together with killed V. cholerae cells to rabbits. Unfortunately, the minimum adjuvant dose was equal to the minimum toxic dose. A Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing also the V. cholerae O antigen induced systemic rather than local immunity which was not protective. Several Escherichia coli strains were able to elicit a local immune response, but the animal to animal differences were considerable. Therefore, V. cholerae itself was thought to be the most appropriate carrier organism. Some non-enterotoxigenic and auxotrophic mutants of V. cholerae were able to prime and did not show any undesired side-effects in the DIC model. Therefore, further attenuation of non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains by means of stable deletions in nutritional genes seems to be the most promising way to obtain acceptable vaccine candidates.
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PMID:Infection and immunity to Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli in a rabbit model. 246 84

The DIC model (Duodenal Inoculation with ligation of the Cecum in rabbits) was employed to study experimentally induced cholera and the related protective immunity. Duodenal inoculation (DI) without ligation of the cecum with live V. cholerae organisms did not cause any disease symptom but induced protection against subsequent challenges with homologous and heterologous organisms for up to 24 months. After 30 months this protective immunity began to decrease. A similar protective immunity could be induced by administration of the A- B+ derivative CVD101 of V. cholerae strain 395. This type of experiment can only be done successfully with conventional, healthy rabbits held under low stress conditions. A so-called specific pathogen-free rabbit breed was found to be entirely unsuitable. Duodenal inoculation with heat- or merthiolate-inactivated V. cholerae for a prolonged period of time by means of an intestinal osmotic minipump did not induce protection. Injection of heat-inactivated V. cholerae material into the Peyer's patches sometimes led to protection, suggesting that a thermostable antigen, possibly lipopolysaccharide, is one of the major protective antigens. Duodenal administration of a combination of inactivated V. cholerae serotypes Ogawa and Inaba cells and 1 mg B subunit of the V. cholerae enterotoxin by up to three inoculations protected only 3 out of 12 rabbits against challenge. The results obtained on the rabbit model are discussed in relation to the efficacy of this vaccine in human volunteers and in a recent field test.
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PMID:Protective immunity against Vibrio cholerae infection in the rabbit. 296 58

Cholera disease can be induced in the rabbit by ligation of the cecum (C) followed by duodenal inoculation (DI) of virulent Vibrio cholerae organisms (DIC model). When the cecum is not ligated, DI does not induce disease. In contrast, the animals are primed which becomes apparent upon challenge with live V. cholerae in the DIC model. Such animals are vibriocidally protected. This protection is characterized by absence of disease symptoms, rapid disappearance of V. cholerae from the feces and presence of high levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide Immunoglobulin A in the bile. The present study shows that primed rabbits can also be boosted by duodenal administration of killed, smooth V. cholerae cells. On the other hand, killed cells cannot prime. The minimal lethal dose of a rough derivative of a smooth strain C5, designated R5 and lacking the O antigen part of the LPS, was 100,000 times higher than that of its parent strain C5, in the DIC model. Rabbits which had been duodenally immunized with strain R5 and were subsequently challenged with the smooth strain C5, all developed diarrhea and two out of eight died. This result supports an earlier observation that the specific O antigen part of the V. cholerae LPS is an essential prerequisite for the induction of protective immunity in the rabbit.
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PMID:Priming and boosting of the rabbit intestinal immune system with live and killed, smooth and rough Vibrio cholerae cells. 320 Jan 61

We modified the rabbit model for enteric infection by Vibrio cholerae developed by Spira et al. and designated the RITARD (for removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea) model (20). Our modification DISC comprises a permanent ligation of the cecum (C) to prevent resorption of the fluid secreted by the small intestine, a temporary ligation of the small intestine (S) to enable the bacteria to colonize, and duodenal inoculation (DI) of the challenge material. The main difference between RITARD and DISC is that in the latter model the challenge material is injected into the duodenum approximately 10 cm distal to the stomach instead of into the jejunum. Four out of 5 V. cholerae strains tested, including 2 serotypes and 2 biotypes, were able to elicit a massive and usually fatal cholera-like diarrhea. The virulence depended strongly on the culturing conditions. One strain, C5, caused fatal diarrhea in a dose of about 1000 organisms, even if the temporary ligation was omitted (DIC model). Other modifications were the DIS and the DI model in which the permanent ligature of the cecum or both ligatures were omitted. Duodenal inoculation of organisms in a dose of 100 X the minimum infective dose (MID) in the DIS or DI model did not cause any disease symptom. However, such inoculations were found to cause protection against subsequent challenges with 100 X MID of homologous and heterologous organisms up to 52 weeks after duodenal inoculation. Subcutaneous injection with classical, whole cell cholera vaccine gave only partial protection of short duration. This model might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of cholera as well as to the improvement of efficacy testing of cholera vaccines.
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PMID:Vibrio cholerae infection and acquired immunity in an adult rabbit model. 400 31

Vibrio cholerae strains other than O1 and 0139 (non-O1 Vibrio cholerae) are associated with sporadic diarrheal disorders and limited outbreaks of diarrhea and have often been reported in association with extraintestinal infections. The following is a presentation of a fatal case of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae septicemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation and cutaneous bullous lesions that occurred in a patient infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In order to prevent Vibrio cholerae infection, patients with underlying diseases should be warned of the risk factors for acquiring such infection, including consumption of raw shellfish and exposure to sea and fresh water where shellfish are found.
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PMID:Vibrio cholerae O2 sepsis in a patient with AIDS. 1035 55

We report a case of a 53-year-old male with Vibrio cholerae non-O1 (serotype O19) infection, resulting in perforative pan-peritonitis. The patient had a history of gastric cancer and a gastrectomy was performed one year prior. The patient had previously been admitted with nausea and vomiting and was diagnosed with a sub-ileus condition. He was provisionally discharged when his condition improved and during that period he ate raw fish caught locally in Nagasaki Prefecture, and several hours later he experienced a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain and nausea and on diagnosis of pan-peritonitis an emergency resection of the transverse colon was performed. We subsequently isolated Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from the patient's peritoneal fluid and stool. He died of multiple organ failure three weeks later despite intensive chemotherapeutic care and treatment for shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The strain of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated was non-toxigenic but hemolytic with hyper-producing of metalloprotease.
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PMID:[The characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strain causing perforative pan-peritonitis]. 1155 33

Synthesis of a set of novel glycopeptide analogues as potential cholera/cholera-like toxin inhibitors in their protected form is described. They include di-, tri-, tetra- and pentavalent scaffolds. The synthetic steps were achieved using a combination of solvent-free mechanochemical as well as the conventional solution-phase reactions. During the conventional DIC-HOBt-mediated peptide coupling followed for the preparation of certain glycopeptide analogues an interesting in situ Fmoc deprotection was observed which has been demonstrated to hold potential for synthesiszing glycopeptides/neoglycopeptides with extended polyamide chains.
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PMID:Synthetic multivalent ligands for cholera & cholera-like toxins: Protected cyclic neoglycopeptides. 2730 41