Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0012739 (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
 8,673 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein (CDG) syndrome is a newly described disorder characterized by impaired glycosylated molecules. It has been reported that transient stroke-like episodes appear in half of the patients. We performed hemostatic studies on three CDG syndrome patients belonging to two unrelated families. The most characteristic findings were decreases in antithrombin III (AT III), protein C and alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor to nearly half normal levels. Protein S was reduced in two (siblings) patients. Isoelectric focusing of AT III in native plasma revealed decreased intensity of the major band and increased intensity of a minor cathodal band. These minor AT III molecules were considered to lack an oligosaccharide sidechain. A 12-year-old girl defective not only for AT III but also protein C and protein S developed disseminated intravascular coagulation accompanied by arterial thrombosis in her left hand following dyspnea associated with bronchial asthma. These findings suggest that thrombotic predisposition in patients with CDG syndrome is due to decreased levels of major coagulation inhibitors, particularly as a result of impaired glycosylation of AT III.
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PMID:Hemostatic studies in patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome. 786 68

A 66-year-old woman had a history of partial gastrectomy and resection of the residual stomach because of early gastric cancer and its recurrence. She had been suffering from dyspnea on effort, hemosputum, and cough since the age of 52 years. Chronic pulmonary emphysema and bronchial asthma were diagnosed when she was 59. On January 31, 1996, she was admitted to UOEH hospital with a complaint of increased dyspnea. In spite of treatment with oxygen, steroid, and inhaled anti-cholinergic agent, her condition deteriorated. Subsequently, she had DIC, respiratory failure and reticulolinear opacities were seen on chest radiographs, and she died 2 weeks after admission. At autopsy, the lung specimen revealed numerous cystic spaces surrounded by a proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Immunohistological examination showed these cells to be positive for HMB-45. Signet cells were seen in the lymphatics and vessels, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages were found in the alveolar spaces. This was a rare case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis with carcinomatous lymphangiosis.
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PMID:[A case of lymphangioleiomyomatosis with carcinomatous lymphangiosis]. 1168 Oct 22

Each year in the UK, around nine deaths are attributed to anaphylaxis to pharmaceuticals, six to food and four to stings. I have identified 214 deaths associated with anaphylaxis, and have sufficient information for 196 to determine that 88 deaths were due to shock, 96 to asphyxia. Five deaths followed epinephrine overdose, seven were complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. There will have been other unrecognized fatal antibiotic and asthmatic food reactions. For foods, peak age was 17-27 with a female and atopic predominance; the first arrest was commonly from asthma 25-35 minutes after the implicated food. For stings, peak age was 45-70 with male and non-atopic predominance; death was commonly from shock 10-15 minutes after the sting. A majority of deaths from pharmaceuticals in hospital took 5 minutes or less from dose to arrest; peak age was 60-75. Maximum time for any cause from trigger to first arrest was 6 hours. The danger of epinephrine overdose and its limitations in reversing anaphylaxis must be recognized. The patient should remain supine with legs raised throughout sting and other shock reactions. Prevention of fatal food reactions will depend on avoidance and optimal daily control of asthma.
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PMID:Fatal anaphylaxis in the UK, 1992-2001. 1502 95

The fruit of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) [Fabaceae] is frequently used in Tropical African traditional medicine for the management and/or control of an array of human ailments, including arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, asthma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, epilepsy, schistosomiasis, and so on. The present study was undertaken to examine the anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) fruit aqueous extract in rats. Fresh egg albumin-induced pedal oedema and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus were used as experimental test models of inflammation and diabetes. Diclofenac (DIC, 100mg/kg p.o.) and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p.o.) were employed as reference anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic agents, respectively, for comparison. Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg p.o.) produced dose-related, significant reductions (P < 0.05-0.001) of the fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation of the rat hind paw oedema. The plant extract (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg p.o.) also produced dose-dependent, significant reductions (P < 0.05-0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of both fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. The results of this experimental animal study indicate that T. tetraptera fruit aqueous extract possesses anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties. These findings lend pharmacological credence to the suggested folkloric uses of the plant's fruit in the management and/or control of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, as well as in adult-onset, type-2 diabetes mellitus in some Yoruba-speaking communities of South-Western Nigeria.
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) [Fabaceae] fruit aqueous extract in rats. 1550 33

It has been well documented that experimental hypomagnesemia in rodents evokes, as an early consequence, an inflammatory response. This also leads to the activation of cells producing reactive species of oxygen and, as a result, to the oxidative damage of tissues. Several studies have shown that lungs might be a specific target of Mg deficiency. Here, we report that 3 weeks of Mg deficiency in mice resulted in inflammatory processes in the lungs, including interstitial and perivascular pneumonia, manifested by the infiltration of leukocytes, plasmocytes and histiocytes, as well as the phenomenon of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). These phenomena were accompanied by changes in gene expression assessed by cDNA array. In this study we identified 26 genes significantly changed by Mg deficiency, mostly involved in the anti-oxidative response, regulation of cell cycle and growth, apoptosis as well as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We conclude that these changes are related to the phenomena of inflammatory and oxidative processes and consecutive remodeling occurring in the tissues as a result of Mg deficiency. This may have implications for at least several lung pathologies, including allergies, asthma, SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) or facilitate formation of lung metastases.
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PMID:Changes in gene expression in the lungs of Mg-deficient mice are related to an inflammatory process. 1572 1

Caterpillars are the wormlike, larval forms of butterflies and moths of the insect order Lepidoptera. Next to flies, lepidopterans are the most abundant arthropods with more than 165,000 species worldwide, and with most species posing no human threats. However, caterpillar species from approximately 12 families of moths or butterflies worldwide can inflict serious human injuries ranging from urticarial dermatitis and atopic asthma to osteochondritis, consumption coagulopathy, renal failure, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Unlike bees and wasps, envenoming or stinging caterpillars do not possess stingers or modified ovipositors attached to venom glands, but instead bear highly specialized external nettling or urticating hairs and breakaway spines or setae to defend against attacks by predators and enemies. Since the 1970s, there have been increasing reports of mass dermatolgic, pulmonary, and systemic reactions following caterpillar encounters throughout the world.
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PMID:The evolving global epidemiology, syndromic classification, management, and prevention of caterpillar envenoming. 1577 33

Previous studies in our laboratories and elsewhere have shown that the fruit of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (family: Fabaceae) is widely used in African traditional medicine for the management and/or control of an array of human ailments, including schistosomiasis, asthma, epilepsy, hypertension and so on. The present study was designed to investigate the analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) fruit aqueous extract (TTE) in mice. Morphine (MPN, 10 mg/kg i.p.), diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg i.p.), phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg i.p.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used, respectively, as reference analgesic and anticonvulsant agents for comparison. T. tetraptera fruit aqueous extract (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.05-0.001) analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced pain in mice. Like the standard anticonvulsant agents (phenobarbitone and diazepam) used, T. tetraptera fruit aqueous extract (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) delayed the onset of, and antagonized, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. Aqueous extract of the fruit (TTE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) also profoundly antagonized picrotoxin (PCT)-induced seizures, but only partially and weakly antagonized bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures. However, the results of this experimental animal study indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) fruit aqueous extract (TTE) possesses analgesic and anticonvulsant properties. These findings lend pharmacological support to the suggested folkloric uses of the plant's fruit in the management and/or control of painful, arthritic inflammatory conditions, as well as for the management and/or control of epilepsy and childhood convulsions in some tropical African countries.
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PMID:Analgesic and anticonvulsant properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Taub) (Fabaceae) fruit aqueous extract in mice. 1637 67

An 80-year-old woman was admitted with dyspnea. She had been treated with oral prednisolone for bronchial asthma. She was intravenously treated with dexamethasone. On the 9th day, she presented oliguria and thrombocytopenia. She was diagnosed as dehydration and disseminated intravascular coagulation, and was treated with hydration and heparin infusion. On the 12th day, she presented macroscopic hematuria and melena. Cystoscopy revealed hemorrhagic cystitis. Bone marrow aspiration showed hemophagocytosis. Serum antigen of cytomegalovirus (CMV) was positive. CD4+ T cell count was very low (40/microL). She was diagnosed as disseminated CMV infection, and was treated with gancyclovir and immunoglobulin infusion. On the 14th day, she died of pneumonia. This is the first report of fatal CMV infection during corticosteroid therapy for bronchial asthma.
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PMID:Fatal cytomegalovirus infection with CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia during corticosteroid therapy for bronchial asthma. 2015 55

A 64-year old hospitalized male for severe bronchial asthma began to complain fatigue and appetite loss. His asthma had been treated with oral bethamethasone. The Chest CT at this time revealed a bilateral consolidation of the lower lung. Despite a week of treatment with antibiotics and anti-fungals, the patient expired from DIC progression. His premortem sputum and blood culture grew Cryptococcus Neoformans. We concluded his diagnosis as cryptococcal pneumonia and sepsis. Sepsis by Cryptococcus neoformans is a rare clinical event, and only 20 cases have been reported in Japan. Although 16 of the 20 had preexisting medical conditions, a case with underlying bronchial asthma has never been reported. A comparison of the reported cases of the US and Europe to that of Japan revealed differences in the patients' underlying conditions. We report a case with a brief review of the literature and summarize the 20 cases that have been reported in Japan.
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PMID:[Cryptococcemia with a severe bronchial asthma: case report and review of the literature]. 2016 72

Standard approaches to analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Markov models make it difficult to generalize treatment effects to new patient groups and synthesize evidence across trials. This paper demonstrates how pair-wise and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis can be applied to event history data for disease progression reported by RCTs. The data, in the form of aggregated discrete time transitions, have a multi-nomial likelihood. In order for evidence synthesis to be performed a structured approach to modelling the differences in the effects of the different treatments must be taken. A multi-state continuous-time Markov model similar to others used in published economic evaluations of asthma treatments is developed, with transition rates related to the likelihood via Kolmogorov's forward equations. The formulation in terms of rates allows a flexible characterization of summary treatment effects. These ideas are applied to an illustrative data set consisting of a set of five trials comparing eight different treatments for asthma. A range of models is developed in which the relative treatment effects act on forward, backward transitions, or both, and models are compared using the DIC. Bayesian inferential techniques are used and the parameters are estimated using MCMC simulation in WinBUGS. An intuitively appealing mechanism of action involving a single parameter acting on all backward transitions was identified for the relative effects of the treatments, which allowed the estimation of a pooled treatment effect, allowing us to rank the different treatment options within each connected evidence network to ascertain which were the most clinically effective.
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PMID:Parameterization of treatment effects for meta-analysis in multi-state Markov models. 2096 50


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