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Query: UMLS:C0011991 (diarrhea)
 57,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5 cases of acute transient colitis associated with the ingestion of ampicillin, an ampicillin derivative, and penicillin are discussed. The clinical presentation, course, and radiographic and sigmoidoscopic findings are distinct from those in pseudomembranous colitis. The colonic changes may be related to an allergic reaction in the intestine which results primarily in transient ischaemia. The presenting symptom is blood diarrhoea, and barium enema is the most productive diagnostic examination.
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PMID:Acute colitis related to penicillin and penicillin derivatives. 8 Jun 35

A group of 1,041 patients was studied in an attempt to identify symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings (disease indicators) associated with either a high or low yield of abnormal barium enemas. A specific search was undertaken for subgroups with one or more statistically significant indicators of large bowel disease. If enemas were performed only for statistically significant indicators (fever, positive stool benzidine, rectal or abdominal mass, low hematocrit) or indicators of clinical importance (weight loss, constipation, diarrhea, etc.) only 13% of examinations would be eliminated. At the same time, however, 10% of patients with gastrointestinal disease would be missed.
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PMID:The barium enema; evidence for proper utilization. 10 58

A case of dysgammaglobulinemia associated with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon is reported. The patient had typical immunoglobulin deficiency, diarrhea, recurrent respiratory infections, Giardia lamblia in the stool, and lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine. His barium enema showed diffuse submucosal nodules. Rectosigmoid biopsy confirmed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. The similar findings on barium enema in this entity and in lymphosarcoma are stressed.
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PMID:Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the colon associated with dysgammaglobulinemia. 18 44

The practical approach to the investigation of diarrhea must be logical and based on anatomic considerations. The site of the underlying disorder may be determined by the clinical picture, and the logic of investigation will be influenced by the history. Important specific investigation in a case of colonic diarrhea include a careful rectal examination, stool inspection, sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy and barium enema study. Colonoscopy has been used, but its role has yet to be defined. In a case of small-bowel steatorrhea or diarrhea quantitative chemical estimation of the daily output of stool fat is useful, and to this investigation is added a small-bowel radiograph series and, if the radiographic findings are abnormal, small-bowel biopsy. Other investigations for small-bowel disease may include the breath test with carbon-14-labelled glycocholic acid, the lactose tolerance test, duodenal aspiration for giardiasis, analysis of serum immunoglobulins and, on occasion, isolation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide hormone (which may aid the diagnosis of functioning tumours of the pancreas or small bowel). Investigations for pancreatic steatorrhea include abdominal radiography, performance of the secretin test and testing of the response to pancreatic replacement therapy. In some patients it may be useful to use endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to differentiate pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis.
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PMID:Symposium on diarrhea. 3. Investigation of chronic diarrhea. 19 Nov 73

Since May 1976, the Olympus pansigmoidoscope has been available for routine use at the University of Oregon Health Sciences center. Two hundred sixty-five examinations were performed over the next year. The average distance examined was 49 cm. Time per examination ranged from 3 to 15 minutes, with an average of 8 minutes. Preparation consisted of one or two tap water enemas, except in known inflammatory bowel disease where no preparation was given. No patient received sedation and there were no complications. Small biopsy (2.8 mm), large biopsy (4.0 mm), "hot biopsy" and polypectomy were performed when indicated. The procedure was most helpful for the following indications: 1) differential diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease, 2) hematochezia, 3) evaluation of abnormal barium enema, 4) left-sided polypectomy, 5) diarrhea with normal barium enema, and 6) guaiac-positive stools. It was of no value in patients with abdominal pain with normal barium enema. Comparing the frequency of examinations this year with last year we found a 50% decrease in use of the rigid (25 cm) sigmoidoscope (538 to 270 exams) and a 98% decrease in use of the MB2 (100 cm) colonoscope (80 to 2 exams).
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PMID:The pansigmoidoscope: one year's experience in a gastrointestinal diagnostic unit. 26 29

Many patients who present with chronic diarrhea are not found to have an important organic disease. Most will have "functional" diarrhea. The history, the physical examination and the initial laboratory tests should lead to a provisional diagnosis, with respect to the organic or functional origin, and the location of disease in the small or the large bowel. Specific tests are then done to define particular organic causes of which malabsorption, inflammatory bowel diseases, carcinoma of the large bowel, parasitic infections, and metabolic disorders are most common. Patients with suspected functional diarrhea should be investigated at least by stool analysis, proctosigmoidoscopy, and barium enema. Functional diarrhea is common and these patients are no less susceptible to severe disease than is the rest of the population.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhea. A practical approach. 34 Aug 15

Records of 1084 patients entered into the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study were analyzed to gather information concerning the natural history and clinical features of Crohn's disease. The age of onset reached a single peak between the second and fourth decade and was evenly distributed in both sexes. There was an average interval of 35 mo from onset of symptoms to diagnosis. Involvement of both colon and terminal ileum was the most frequent pattern and was present in 55% of patients. The disease was confined to the terminal ileum, other areas of the small intestine, or colon-only in 14%, 3%, and 15% of patients, respectively. Sigmoidoscopic abnormalities were seen in 34% of all patients and 51% of patients with Crohn's colitis. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fever were present in the majority of the patients. Lower GI bleeding, fever, and perianal complications characterized patients with colon-only involvement. The frequency of extra intestinal manifestations was similar in all groups. Among patients who were randomized to placebo, 32% achieved a spontaneous remission by the end of 17 wk, and 53% of these were still in remission at the end of 24 mo. Clinical remission was associated with an improvement in barium x-rays in 18% of the patients. The predicted factors associated with favorable outcome in placebo-treated patients were: previous surgical removal of all observable disease, absence of perianal disease, and Crohn's Disease Activity Index value under 200.
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PMID:Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. 38 Oct 94

The study of gastric emptying by isotopic and barium feeding, in 43 patients, before and 6 months after highly selective vagotomy, showed no retention after this type of operation. Whereas during the first 45 minutes following ingestion of the test meal, there was no modification of emptying, a significant acceleration thereafter was demonstrated by both methods. The isotopic meal allows continuous study of gastric emptying which appears to be more regular after the operation. There was no difference in gastric emptying between patients suffering from post-prandial gastric fullness, mild diarrhea or dumping syndrome.
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PMID:[Modification of gastric emptying after a selective proximal vagotomy. Barium and isotope studies]. 43 93

Ischemic colitis is a well described complication following distal aortic replacement. The diagnosis is typically made by correlating clinical signs such as the occurrence of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea with supporting radiographic changes. In this report, the diagnosis of ischemic colitis was confirmed on the basis of colonoscopic and associated histopathological findings. Colonoscopy is a useful technic in establishing the diagnosis of ischemic colitis, especially in patients whose clinical condition makes barium enema not feasible.
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PMID:The endoscopy corner: reversible ischemic colitis--correlation of colonoscopic and pathologic changes. 47 61

A case report of subacute, reversible ischemic colitis associated with use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is reported. A 19-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with chief complaints of abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding of 2 days' duration. Past medical history and family history were noncontributory. The patient was receiving no medication other than Norinyl 2 (2 mg of norethindrone and .1 mg of mestranol), which she had been taking for 6 months. 2 days before admission the patient had taken 100 mg of dimenhydrinate and 2 ExLax tablets (90 mg of phenolphthalein) for constipation. Colonic roentgenograms revealed impaired mesenteric circulation and bowel ischemia; OC-induced ischemic bowel disease was diagnosed. Patient symptoms subsided within 96 hours of discontinuing the OC and initiating supportive therapy (including intravenous fluid infusion, nasogastric suction, analgesics, and antiemetics). When a repeat barium enema was performed, it showed resolution of the ischemia. In a short review following the case report, these drugs were indicted in causation of colitis-like syndrome: amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephazolin, chloramphenicol, chlorpropamide, clindamycin, cloxacillin, cotrimoxasole, cyclophosphamide, digitalis, ergotamine tartrate, flucytosine, fluorouracil, gold salts, laxative and cathartic abuse, mercurous chloride, methyldopa, penicillin V, and tetracycline. Ischemic bowel disease secondary to OC use is a rare but important complication because of its significant morbidity and potential mortality, and because of the widespread use of the drugs. The case report emphasizes the need to consider the differential diagnosis of acute vascular insult with bowel ischemia when acute abdominal pain progressing to bloody diarrhea occurs in young women taking OCs.
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PMID:Oral contraceptive-induced ischemic bowel disease. 48 72


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