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Query: UMLS:C0011991 (diarrhea)
 57,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crohn's disease (regional enteritis) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory intestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Most commonly the terminal ileum in involved, a segmentary involvement of the bowel wall is rather characteristic. Main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea and weight loss. Radiological and endoscopic examination confirms the diagnosis, granulomas in the biopsy specimen are pathognomonic. In differential diagnosis ulcerative and ischaemic colitis have to be ruled out. Conservative therapy with prednisolone and salazopyrin is the method of choice, however, complications like small bowel obstruction, toxic megacolon and fistulae ask for surgical intervention.
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PMID:[Morbus Crohn (enteritis regionalis)]. 0 46

Thirty children less than 15 years of age with Crohn's disease are reported. The mean age of onset was nine years and five months. Delay in diagnosis may stem from the varying modes of presentation. The mean delay in diagnosis was two years. Chronic diarrhea and/or recurrent abdominal pain associated with extraintestinal manifestations, particularly abnormalities of growth and development suggests the possibility of Crohn's disease in the pediatric age group. Involvement of the terminal ileum occurred in 29 of the 30 patients. In addition, colonic disease occurred in 13 and jejunal involvement in one. Four patients presented with an acute onset of their disease. A favorable response to either medical or surgical therapy occurred in all four. Twenty-six patients had an insidious onset and tended to have a chronic course despite either medical and/or surgical therapy. Thirteen patients had an intestinal resection, with recurrence occurring in three from 1-4 years postoperatively. To date there has been one death.
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PMID:The pediatric corner: the varied manifestations of Crohn's disease in children and adolescents. 2 92

The most common initial symptoms in 169 patients with Crohn's disease, followed from 1956 to 1973, were diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhoea without any blood admixture, loss of weight, and fever. At the onset of the disease 84% of patients were aged 10-39 years. The most important complications (in descending order of frequency) were fistulae and abscesses, ileus, anaemia, and malabsorption. A breakdown into active and passive phases indicated that the younger the patient at onset of the disease, the more severe its course. The disease seemed to take a more favourable course when only the colon, but not the terminal ileum, was involved. Recurrence occurred more frequently after a short than after a long preoperative history. Recurrences were more frequent in patients under than over 31 years of age at their first operation.
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PMID:[Crohn's disease: course and prognosis in 169 patients (author's transl)]. 2 19

25 patients--19 to 73 years old--who underwent maxillofacial operations, received Spontavix for 10 to 12 days via a nasogastric tube. In 20% of the patients nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or abdominal pain occurred and disappeared after finishing nutrition with Spontavix. Mean frequency of defecation was 0.5/patient/24 hours. Body weight, serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH and base excess in the arterial blood, urea-nitrogen, hemoglobin and albumin content of the blood did not change significantly. Lipids in the serum increased insignificantly without leaving normal limits. During nutrition with Spontavix serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) showed a statistically significant increase which is believed to be caused by general anesthesia.
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PMID:[Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the tube feeding preparation Spontavix]. 4 69

Synthetic cyclic growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone (G.H.-R.I.H.) impaired platelet aggregation in each of four healthy men given 6-hour infusions. The effects lasted over 24 hours in three of them. There was no consistent change in platelet-counts during the infusions, but 18 hours after the end of the infusions there was a slight but significant increase in platelet-count. There was no change in prothrombin-time, partial thromboplastin-time, fibrinogen titres, and fibrinogen-degradation products. Incubation of G.H.-R.I.H. with blood in vitro did not affect platelet aggregation. Similar impairment of platelet function has been reported by others in baboons given linear G.H.-R.I.H. Infusions in the four healthy men studied also produced abdominal pain, dizziness, and diarrhoea in three, as have been reported in patients similarly infused. Although other side-effects or impairment of platelet-counts or bleeding-tendencies have not been reported in patients infused for up to 72 hours, caution should be exercised when using G.H.-R.I.H. over extended periods until further data on its toxicity are available.
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PMID:Impairment of platelet function by growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone. 4 78

Intermittent hyperthyreosis occurs under various forms of stress, especially heat stress. The clinician may diagnose such cases as masked or apathetic hyperthyroidism or "forme fruste" hyperthyreosis or thyroid autonomy. As most routine and standard tests may here yield inconsistent results, it is the patients' anamnesis which may provide the clue. Our Bioclimatology Unit has now seen over 100 cases in which thyroid hypersensitivity towards heat was the most prominent syndrome: 10-15% of weather-sensitive patients are affected. The patients complain before or during heat spells of such contradictory symptoms as insomnia, irritability, tension, tachycardia, palpitations, precordial pain, dyspnoe, flushes with sweating or chills, tremor, abdominal pain or diarrhea, polyuria or pollakisuria, weight loss in spite of ravenous appetite, fatigue, exhaustion, depression, adynamia, lack of concentration and confusion. Determination of urinary neurohormones allows a differential diagnosis, intermittent hyperthyreosis being characterized by three cardinal symptoms: 1. tachycardia -- every case with more than 80 pulse beats being suspect (not specific); 2. urinary histamine -- every case excreting more than 90 mug/day being suspect. Again the drawback of this test is its lack of specificity, as histamine may also be increased in cases of allergy and spondylitis; 3. urinary thyroxine -- every case excreting more than 20 mug/day T-4 being suspect. This is the only specific test. Therapy should make use of lithium carbonate and beta-blockers. Propyl thiouracil is rarely required.
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PMID:Intermittent hyperthyreosis -- a heat stress syndrome. 5 84

Highly buffered acetylsalicylate was used to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal side-effects of radiotherapy in 28 women who were receiving treatment for uterine cancer. In a double-blind, balanced, and randomised trial, acetylsalicylate significantly reduced the number of bowel motions and relieved abdominal pain and flatulence.
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PMID:Treatment of radiation-induced gastrointestinal distress with acetylsalicylate. 5 29

Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni has recently been recognised as a human enteric pathogen. Five cases of campylobacter enteritis are described. All five patients had abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Two of the five patients had bloody diarrhoea and relapses. All the patients had been in contact with young dogs which had had diarrhoea. Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni was isolated from these dogs or from their litter-mates. Canine infection with Campylobacter fetus ss. jejuni may be an important source of infection causing diarrhoea in man.
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PMID:Campylobacter enteritis associated with canine infection. 8 1

The clinical and pathological features of 18 new patients with alpha heavy chain disease seen at two referral centres in Baghdad, Iraq, are described. The series included 14 males and four females ranging in age from 14 to 47 years. Almost all patients presented because of long-standing abdominal pain and diarrhoea. The tissue diagnosis and extent of the disease were established at laparotomy in most patients. Peroral jejunal biospy was used in a number of patients, mainly for follow-up. The serological abnormality was confirmed by immunoselection technique. Most of the patients had extensive thickening of the bowel wall and/or tumour masses of the small intestine and mesenteric nodes. Histopathological sections showed muscularis. Preliminary results of the treatment, including two long remissions, are reported. In general, our observations agree with those made by other authors, mostly from the Middle East and Africa. We believe that a high index of clinical suspicion, routine use of the immunoselection, and recognition of the early pathological changes may hopefully lead to the detection of more cases before the frank neoplastic phase of the disease.
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PMID:Alpha heavy chain disease (report of 18 cases from Iraq). 9 95

The histopathology of 145 malignant lymphomas of the small intestine in Iraq have been studied and results compared with the clinical and immunological findings. The most common pathology was an intense mucosal lymphoplasmacytic proliferation effacing the villi and crypts partially or completely. This was either 'pure', usually of mature plasma cells limited to the lamina propria or associated with a fullblown lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, almost always of the upper small intestine. The syndrome presented as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhoea, clubbing and, sometimes, the serological demonstration of alpha heavy chains. Other types of lymphomas were associated with 'non-specific' mucosal inflammation or follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. They were either lymphocytic, plasmacytic or lymphoblastic with 'starry sky' histiocytic reaction, representing distinct clinicopathological entities unrelated to 'alpha heavy chain disease'. Hodgkin's disease was extremely rare in this series.
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PMID:Primary lymphomas of the small intestine in Iraq: a pathological study of 145 cases. 11 Jun 62


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