Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011991 (diarrhea)
 57,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proximal small intestinal mucosal biopsies were carried out in children with cystic fibrosis who had diarrhoea and failed to thrive in spite of adequate treatment, including pancreatic supplements. Histological examination of eight of the 17 biopsies taken over a period of 12 years showed evidence of enteropathy, and accounted for one in 13 (8%) children with cystic fibrosis under 3 years of age attending our clinic. Seven responded to a cows' milk free diet; the diarrhoea stopped and weight gain increased. One of these responded only when gluten was also excluded from his diet. The eighth child remained on a normal diet and his symptoms did not improve. The enteropathy had resolved in all five patients who had further biopsies taken while receiving treatment, and from 15 months to 3 years of age all the children tolerated a normal diet and continued to thrive. Cows' milk sensitive enteropathy is an important cause of failure to thrive in children with cystic fibrosis. Small intestinal biopsy is an important investigation in younger children who fail to thrive and have diarrhoea despite adequate treatment.
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PMID:Cows' milk sensitive enteropathy in cystic fibrosis. 281 44

This article describes two patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in whom a reversible enteropathy developed during the administration of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FUdR) via an Infusaid Series 400 pump (Infusaid Corp., Sharon, MA). Both patients had severe diarrhea and signs that suggested small bowel obstruction. Barium studies revealed a distinctive radiologic appearance of severe narrowing of the ileum associated with complete loss of normal mucosal patterns. Results of an extensive evaluation for an infectious or toxin-related enterocolitis were negative. Perfusion studies confirmed the appropriate position of the catheters and revealed no extrahepatic perfusion. Systemic shunting of the 5-FUdR through the liver or tumor bed is postulated as the primary event, with the small bowel manifesting the major toxicity.
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PMID:A reversible enteropathy complicating continuous hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine. 293 Nov 70

Diarrhea and a small bowel lesion similar to that reported in celiac sprue were observed in a patient who had been taking sulindac. Symptoms and biopsy abnormalities resolved completely after discontinuation of the medication and promptly recurred upon its re-administration. This report emphasizes the need to consider possible drug-related small bowel disease in the growing list of causes of the "flat" small intestinal mucosal lesion.
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PMID:Sulindac-associated small bowel lesion. 294 57

A 24-year-old man with agammaglobulinemia developed a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease over the past 18 years characterized by recurrent diarrhea, malabsorption, and protein-losing enteropathy. In the most recent admission he presented with abdominal cramps and active intestinal bleeding. Radiologic studies showed distal ileal irregularities and strictures that led to two distal intestinal and ileocecal resections. The gross pathologic appearance of these specimens was consistent with regional enteritis. Microscopically, healing ulcers, mucosal irregularities, and a prominent lymphocytic infiltrate without plasma cells or granulomas were observed. Immunocytochemical studies revealed a prominent T-helper cell and a modest T-suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte population in the lamina propria. Early and late B-cell differentiation markers were not detected in any of the cells. The immunocytologic findings suggest that T-helper lymphocytes proliferated without inhibition to stimulate non-existent B cells. The study confirms the occurrence of a regional enteropathy-like lesion in the total absence of B-cell function.
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PMID:Regional enteritis-like enteropathy in a patient with agammaglobulinemia: histologic and immunocytologic studies. 296 59

Faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin was measured in two groups of children with diarrhoea aged 6 months to 6 years during the acute and recovery stages of the illness. Group 1 comprised 19 children with a history of measles in the two weeks preceding admission to hospital. In this group there were six cases of Shigella species, six enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and five rotavirus, and two did not yield an aetiologic agent. Group 2 comprised 15 children with diarrhoea only. In this group there were five cases of Shigella species, five enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and five rotavirus. Children with rotavirus diarrhoea belonging to both groups showed a transient high faecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin during the acute stage. Post measles cases of diarrhoea showed significantly higher faecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin than group 2 subjects in both the acute and recovery stages. The faecal clearance of alpha 1 antitrypsin in both groups was significantly higher during the acute stage compared with the recovery stage. Highest faecal clearances of alpha 1 antitrypsin were observed in children with post measles shigellosis in the acute stage and they also had persistently raised concentrations, thus suggesting prolonged protein losing enteropathy.
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PMID:Persistent protein losing enteropathy in post measles diarrhoea. 301 38

Clinical differences between the two human intestinal mucosal folate conjugases were assessed by measurement of their activities in normal individuals and in patients with chronic diarrhea of differing causes. Intracellular folate conjugase (ICFC) was 15-fold more active than brush border folate conjugase (BBFC) in jejunal mucosa from seven obese patients undergoing elective gastric bypass surgery. The activity of ICFC was similar among normal volunteers and patients with diarrhea of unknown origin (DUO), gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the short bowel syndrome (IBD-SBS). By contrast, BBFC, sucrase, and lactase were decreased significantly in GSE, and BBFC was increased in IBD-SBS. The activity of BBFC correlated with lactase and with sucrase in the normal subjects and in patients with DUO, whereas no correlations were found with the activity of ICFC in any group. Our clinical studies confirm that ICFC and BBFC are different enzymes. ICFC is not affected by intestinal disease, whereas the activity of jejunal BBFC, like that of other brush border enzymes, is decreased by mucosal injury and is also capable of adapting to distal small intestinal disease or surgical resection.
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PMID:Clinical studies of intestinal folate conjugases. 308 71

A 13-year-old boy with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and type I diabetes developed a severe enteropathy that proved to be unresponsive to any treatment, including total parenteral nutrition. No evidence of known etiologies of malabsorption and/or secretory diarrhea was found in this subject. A high titer of complement-fixing enterocyte autoantibody was persistently found in the patient's serum. These features suggest that the enteropathy of this primarily immunodeficient subject had an autoimmune origin. A cycle of cyclophosphamide failed to show any amelioration of the diarrhea or a significant decrease in the autoantibody titer.
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PMID:Unresponsive enteropathy associated with circulating enterocyte autoantibodies in a boy with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and type I diabetes. 313 83

Immunoglobulin isotypes in serum and intestinal secretions of Basenji dogs with chronic diarrhea, asymptomatic Basenji dogs, and healthy control dogs were quantitated and their molecular sizes characterized to detect alpha-chain, gamma-chain, or mu-chain fragments. Quantitation of immunoglobulin isotypes in serum showed that affected Basenjis have significantly elevated serum IgA values as compared to asymptomatic Basenjis and normal control dogs. However, IgA concentrations in intestinal wash fluids were not significantly different for the three groups. Immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) demonstrated that virtually all IgA was in the dimeric form. Using IEP and immunoselection, we were unable to detect evidence for the presence of alpha-chain or other heavy-(H)-chain fragments. Hyperimmune serum obtained from rabbits immunized with serum or a globulin fraction of affected Basenjis also failed to detect H-chain fragments. The results of this study indicate that immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis resembles closely the nonsecretory form of human immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID).
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PMID:Elevated serum IgA associated with immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenji dogs: lack of evidence for alpha heavy-chain disease or enhanced intestinal IgA secretion. 314 68

A malabsorption syndrome was observed in a cynomolgus macaque. Clinical signs included weight loss despite increased appetite, and diarrhea, characterized by an increased volume of soft, tan, malodorous feces. Clinicopathologic findings included hypoalbuminemia, generalized dilation of bowel loops with a prolonged transit time, steatorrhea and markedly diminished absorption of D-xylose. Biopsies of the duodenum and jejunum had total villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and a plasmacytic-lymphocytic infiltrate of the lamina propria. The monkey's diet was changed to a semi-synthetic diet containing no grain products. Subsequently, stool characteristics, body weight and intestinal villous morphology returned to normal. This response to removal of grain products from the diet suggests a syndrome similar to gluten-sensitivity enteropathy in human beings.
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PMID:Gluten-sensitive enteropathy in a cynomolgus monkey. 319 52

Four horses with diarrhea had radiographic evidence of large quantities of sand in the gastrointestinal tract. Initially, none of the horses had sufficient fecal sand quantity to suggest sand enteropathy. Diarrhea resolved in all horses within 2 days of oral administration of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid. Historically, all 4 horses had lost weight or had difficulty maintaining weight. After treatment was administered, the horses either gained weight or were easier to maintain in good condition.
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PMID:Diarrhea associated with sand in the gastrointestinal tract of horses. 320 52


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