Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011991 (diarrhea)
 57,543 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most common initial symptoms in 169 patients with Crohn's disease, followed from 1956 to 1973, were diffuse abdominal pain, diarrhoea without any blood admixture, loss of weight, and fever. At the onset of the disease 84% of patients were aged 10-39 years. The most important complications (in descending order of frequency) were fistulae and abscesses, ileus, anaemia, and malabsorption. A breakdown into active and passive phases indicated that the younger the patient at onset of the disease, the more severe its course. The disease seemed to take a more favourable course when only the colon, but not the terminal ileum, was involved. Recurrence occurred more frequently after a short than after a long preoperative history. Recurrences were more frequent in patients under than over 31 years of age at their first operation.
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PMID:[Crohn's disease: course and prognosis in 169 patients (author's transl)]. 2 19

Fourteen patients with ileal dysfunction due to resection or bypass were encountered over an 18-month period. Symptoms had been present for a mean period of 1.8 years. Diarrhoea was a universal symptom, and varied from mild to incapacitating. Weight loss, due in part to malabsorption and in part to the patients' fear of eating, occurred in 10 of 14 patients. The chief metabolic abnormalities were steatorrhoea and hypokalaemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperoxaluria, and an abnormal prothrombin ratio were less frequently seen. Treatment with cholestyramine and/or long-chain fat restriction effectively reduced diarrhoea in every case, and this was supplemented by replacement of specific deficiencies. There was little added benefit from non-specific antidiarrhoeal agents. It was found that the major symptoms of ileal dysfunction are readily treated, but that attention should also be given to a number of nutritional deficiencies.
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PMID:Consequences of ileal dysfunction: an approach to management. 10 34

Rhesus monkeys fed an ascorbic acid-free, purified liquid diet, developed scurvy in 70 to 105 days as evidenced by loss of weight, anemia, bleeding gums, inflamed palate, diarrhea, and inability to stand. Oral administration of either 10 mg/kg body weight of ascorbic acid or an equimolar amount of the magnesium salt of 1-ascorbic acid phosphate cured all symptoms of scurvy. Similarly, oral administration of 1-ascorbic acid phosphate cured all symptoms of scurvy in the guinea pig and resulted in liver ascorbate levels equal to those of animals feed ascorbic acid. It is concluded that ascorbic acid phosphate is a readily available source of ascorbic acid activity in vivo.
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PMID:Antiscorbutic activity of ascorbic acid phosphate in the rhesus monkey and the guinea pig. 10 21

Recent epidemiological surveys have demonstrated the association between malnutrition and infectious diseases. Parasitic infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, hepatitis and tuberculosis are more frequent and most serious in undernourished people and in infants with low birth weight. Data suggest an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in individuals with protein-energy malnutrition and with iron-deficiency anemia; circulating lymphocytes and intraepithelial lymphocytes are also reduced in cases of malnutrition. Due to impaired immunological response, the effectiveness of prophilactic vaccination is doubtful in undernourished people; there have been, for example, reports of geographical variations in the response of children to polio virus vaccine. A whole series of strategies must be taken into consideration to break the vicious circle of malnutrition-infection; some of these are: breastfeeding; an improved schedule of vaccinations; nutritional supplement, especially for hospitalized patients; and prevention of low birth weight.
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PMID:Nutritional deficiency and susceptibility to infection. 10 17

Type II ostertagiosis was found at necropsy in 9 American bison (Bison bison) from 3 farms in New York. Clinical signs included severe diarrhea, emaciation, unthrifty coats, anemia, and weakness. In severely affected animals, the macroscopic abomasal changes consisted of irregular thickening and edema of the mucosa, resulting in a pebbly or morocco-leather appearance. Microscopically, many gastric pits and glands were dilated, lined by hyperplastic epithelium, and contained nematode sections or debris. Parasites recovered included Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus lerouxi, Cooperia oncophora, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus helvetianus, Trichuris discolor, Setaria labiato-papillosa, Dictyocaulus viviparus, Hypoderma lineatum, and Sarcocystis sp. Nodules in the small and large intestine were attributed to Oesophagostomum sp. Trichostrongylus lerouxi, Trichuris discolor, and Nematodirus helvetianus are reported from bison for the first time.
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PMID:Ostertagiosis in captive bison in New York State: report of nine cases. 15 57

Operative intervention in patients with unrecognized and untreated amebomas or acute fulminating amebic colitis may result in severe complications. Nevertheless, certain clinical presentations of intestinal amebiasis require surgical procedures varying from drainage of an abscess to a subtotal colectomy. If, in patients with acute fulminating amebic colitis, the signs or symptoms of intraperitoneal or impending perforation develop, unremitting diarrhea associated with anemia and hypoproteinemia continues, or localized abscsses fail to improve with chemotherapy, operative intervention is indicated. Complications of amebomas that require operative intervention include failure to respond to chemotherapy, perforation, hemorrhage, ulceration, stricture or fistula formation and obstruction. Anti-amebic chemotherapy can reduce intestinal complications so elective operative procedures should be delayed to allow time for adequate treatment.
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PMID:Surgical intervention in intestinal amebiasis. 16 11

The glucagonoma syndrome occurs in some but not all patients with a benign or malignant islet cell tumor and hyperglucagonemia. Manifestations may include anemia, diabetes mellitus, pruritic skin rash, glossitis, stomatitis, weight loss, diarrhea, flexible fingernails, venous thromboses, low plasma amino acid levels, and coarse folds of the jejunum and ileum. Most patients are postmenopausal women, but men and women ages 40 to 65 have been affected. The course is variable depending upon the nature of the underlying tumor. Twenty-two cases of probable glucagonoma syndrome have been reported; twelve documented with glucagon levels. The hyperglucagonemia results from elevation of the proglucagon and true glucagon immunoreactive fractions of pancreatic glucagon. Management of the rash can be accomplished rarely with topical or systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids. If the tumor is resectable, surgery reverses the syndrome. Patients with metastatic disease have responded to streptozotocin and DTIC.
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PMID:The glucagonoma syndrome and its management. 20 9

2,3-Dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, was given to 25 patients in a phase I study. The drug was administered by rapid iv infusion daily x 5 days at 3-week intervals at doses ranging from 150 to 1500 mg/m2/day. Side effects were observed with doses of greater than or equal to 1000 mg/m2/day and included nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, and anemia. At doses of 1500 mg/m2, three patients had evidence of hemolysis (two had hemoglobinuria and one had acute intravascular hemolysis). The hemolysis was severe enough to cause death in one patient and necessitated abandoning further dose escalation. There was minimal or no myelosuppression at any dose level. No objective tumor regression was observed in any of the 16 patients evaluable for response. Further studies are recommended to carefully evaluate the etiology of the hemolysis before proceeding to a phase II trial. It is unlikely that this drug will prove to be useful unless methods for circumventing hemolysis are developed.
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PMID:Phase I clinical evaluation of 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole. 52 19

The symptoms, diagnosis, and management of three patients with gastrocolic fistula secondary to benign peptic ulcer disease are reviewed. To our knowledge, this brings the total of such cases reported in the literature to 50. The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting followed by anemia, foul eructations, and fecal vomiting. Barium meal demonstrated the fistula in about 70% of the patients, whereas barium enema examination demonstrated the fistula in nearly all of them. The diagnostic workup should rule out the possibility of a malignant cause for the fistula. The surgical management of these patients consists of the one-stage, when possible, resection of the involved portion of the antrum and the fistula of the transverse colon with appropriate reconstruction of gastrointestinal continuity. An increased awareness of the benign cause of some gastrocolic fistulas is necessary to avoid unduly extensive surgery in these cases.
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PMID:Gastrocolic fistula as a complication of benign gastric ulcer. 53 62

Calves in a longitudinal investigation over the first rearing period in a rearing farm were grouped according to their anaemic status under consideration of the degree of severity and the duration on the basis of the hemoglobin contents resp. the hematocrit values on the 3rd, 28th and 56th rearing day. There were significant differences between the groups of calves with differing anaemia status concerning the absolute and relative feed consumption (milk, concentrated feed, hay resp. iron), the development of the live weight as well as the frequency of the treatment against pneumonia and/or diarrhoea.
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PMID:[Anemia of male rearing calves. Connections between anemia and feed consumption, development of the live weight and disease development]. 54 83


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