Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.01 seconds) .

Concepts found in the documents ranked by [ Frequency | Pointwise Mutual Information | Symmetric Conditional Probability ] .
Human Gene/Protein
albumin 1787
insulin 1733
renin 797
collagen 716
Sep 627
fibronectin 524
Mol 476
angiotensin II 444
hemoglobin 324
chronic renal failure 280
ACE 275
cytokine 207
nephrin 206
superoxide dismutase 191
TNF 190
Ang II 180
angiotensin receptor 176
proximal tubule 175
GFR 172
angiotensin II receptor 166
STZ 154
TGF-beta 152
IL-6 147
transforming growth factor-beta 144
caspase-3 143
vascular endothelial growth factor 137
IDDM 137
catalase 131
NIDDM 128
tumor necrosis factor 128
connective tissue growth factor 127
serum albumin 119
mTOR 118
p38 117
calcium channel 113
ROS 108
MAPK 105
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 104
endoplasmic reticulum 101
SMA 101
MCP-1 98
GSH 93
aldose reductase 92
NRK 92
angiotensinogen 89
ERK1 88
podocin 87
smooth muscle actin 84
PI3K 80
p65 79
Nrf2 79
plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 78
Smad3 77
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 77
Bcl-2 73
glutathione peroxidase 73
AT1 72
RAGE 71
E-cadherin 71
HDL 69
Albumin 69
interleukin-6 66
endothelial nitric oxide synthase 65
Pol 64
inducible nitric oxide synthase 64
N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase 64
cystatin C 62
adiponectin 62
erythropoietin 61
histone 60
TLR4 60
glucagon 59
C-reactive protein 58
SOD 58
ATP 57
catenin 57
peptidase 57
Smad2 57
ERK 57
Renin 56
VEGF 56
AKT 56
IgA 55
chemokine 55
NOX4 54
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 54
nitric oxide synthase 54
eNOS 53
PKC 52
beta 2-microglobulin 50
vimentin 49
bradykinin 49
CTGF 49
JNK 48
fibrinogen 47
glycoprotein 46
NADPH 46
matrix protein 45
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 45
endothelin-1 45
glucose transporter 45
AMP-activated protein kinase 44
matrix metalloproteinase 43
p21 43
AGE 43
platelet-derived growth factor 41
TNF-alpha 41
osteopontin 40
heme oxygenase-1 40
AMPK 40
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 40
Vascular endothelial growth factor 39
IL-18 39
mineralocorticoid receptor 39
ATPase 39
ICAM-1 39
ECM 38
transferrin 38
ANG 38
p53 38
STAT3 37
erythroid 37
DPP 37
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 36
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 36
extracellular matrix protein 35
type I collagen 35
SIRT1 35
p27 34
alpha-smooth muscle actin 34
synaptopodin 34
She 34
lipopolysaccharide 34
NLRP3 34
growth hormone 33
Nephrin 33
GLUT1 33
leptin 33
NAD 33
Rho 33
PGC 33
MMP-2 33
vascular endothelial growth factor A 32
HK2 32
GSK 32
renin receptor 32
kit 31
proteoglycan 31
neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin 31
Connective tissue growth factor 30
vitamin D receptor 30
atrial natriuretic peptide 30
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 30
GLP-1 receptor 30
PTEN 29
CD68 29
kallikrein 29
ARB 29
LC3 29
gut 29
more...
Disease
diabetic nephropathy 10836
diabetes 5402
renal disease 3358
hypertension 1589
proteinuria 1575
type 2 diabetes 1441
microalbuminuria 1083
hyperglycemia 1056
renal failure 892
glomerulosclerosis 807
type 1 diabetes 721
chronic renal failure 616
retinopathy 484
cardiovascular disease 362
glomerulonephritis 350
diabetic retinopathy 346
obesity 276
atherosclerosis 226
heart failure 214
neuropathy 189
renal insufficiency 184
nephrotic syndrome 174
glomerulopathy 168
stroke 155
IgA nephropathy 151
hyperlipidemia 149
chronic glomerulonephritis 149
myocardial infarction 149
dyslipidemia 148
membranous nephropathy 132
renal impairment 132
cancer 128
lupus nephritis 128
essential hypertension 125
polycystic kidney 118
metabolic syndrome 115
nephrosclerosis 109
congestive heart failure 104
Proteinuria 102
anemia 95
GSH 93
vascular disease 88
uremia 88
ischemia 85
coronary artery disease 84
nephritis 84
diabetic neuropathy 82
tumor 76
coronary heart disease 74
ATM 72
myocardial ischemia 72
ventricular hypertrophy 72
hypoglycemia 71
glucose intolerance 70
hyperinsulinemia 64
acute renal failure 59
peripheral vascular disease 57
systemic lupus erythematosus 55
peripheral neuropathy 54
pyelonephritis 53
autonomic neuropathy 51
blindness 51
Evans 51
hypertensive nephropathy 48
renal cell carcinoma 48
sepsis 47
kidney hypertrophy 47
interstitial nephritis 47
amyloidosis 44
SEM 44
preeclampsia 43
chronic renal insufficiency 42
vasculitis 42
sepsis 42
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 40
hypercholesterolemia 40
cardiomyopathy 37
WT1 35
metabolic disorder 34
arteriosclerosis 32
hepatitis C 31
peritonitis 31
heart disease 30
Alport syndrome 29
renal artery stenosis 29
diabetic cardiomyopathy 29
DBA 28
renal ischemia 28
glioblastoma multiforme 28
proliferative diabetic retinopathy 28
lupus 27
chronic disease 27
cirrhosis 27
lupus 25
hyperuricemia 25
hyperparathyroidism 25
Endothelial dysfunction 24
Renal fibrosis 24
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 24
Pancreas 24
malnutrition 24
Pancreas 24
infectious diseases 23
acute myocardial infarction 23
HIV 22
azotemia 22
chronic myeloid leukemia 21
tuberculosis 21
multiple myeloma 21
dehydration 21
DM2 20
rheumatoid arthritis 20
osteoporosis 19
diabetic angiopathy 19
polyneuropathy 19
depression 18
Alzheimer's disease 18
fatty liver 18
plaque 17
NAME 17
immunodeficiency 17
urinary tract infection 17
background retinopathy 17
gangrene 17
autoimmune disease 16
leukemia 16
SDS 16
liver disease 16
Diabetic complications 15
systolic hypertension 15
renal cancer 15
aggression 15
West 14
cardiovascular risk factor 14
cerebral infarction 14
cataract 14
purpura 14
asthma 14
acute glomerulonephritis 13
carcinoma 13
pancreatitis 13
pneumonia 13
cytomegalovirus 13
bone disease 13
Blocking 13
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 12
diabetic hyperglycemia 12
B-cell lymphoma 12
hepatitis B 12
Nodular glomerulosclerosis 12
acute tubular necrosis 12
uropathy 11
hyperphosphatemia 11
prediabetes 11
chronic hepatitis 11
hypothyroidism 11
systemic disease 11
fluid overload 11
lymphoma 11
nephrosis 11
more...
Symptom
polyuria 32
pain 31
cough 29
overweight 27
angina 25
anesthesia 15
dyspnea 11
respiratory distress 11
weakness 10
collapse 10
abdominal pain 9
fatigue 8
nausea 8
polydipsia 8
thinning 7
oliguria 7
vomiting 7
anorexia 6
diarrhea 6
shortness of breath 6
hypoproteinemia 5
headache 5
dizziness 5
Ill 4
numbness 4
ketonuria 4
back pain 4
exhaustion 4
seizures 4
cachexia 4
dysuria 3
discomfort 3
discomfort 3
myalgia 3
vertigo 3
chorea 3
spasm 3
starvation 3
dysarthria 2
paresis 2
alexithymia 2
sleepiness 2
abdominal fullness 2
fever of unknown origin 2
bradykinesia 2
analgesia 2
arthralgia 2
tremor 2
erythema 2
hyperoxia 2
hypothermia 2
hepatomegaly 2
hip pain 2
Gastrointestinal symptoms 2
Decreased activity 2
urinary frequency 2
chills 2
constipation 2
dystonia 1
consciousness disturbance 1
paresthesia 1
syncope 1
tinnitus 1
mental fatigue 1
disturbed balance 1
flank pain 1
tonic-clonic seizure 1
flushing 1
productive cough 1
hypersomnia 1
insomnia 1
excessive urination 1
hemiplegia 1
HSA 1
hepatosplenomegaly 1
nausea and vomiting 1
hunger 1
hypercapnia 1
functional recovery 1
heartburn 1
ataxia 1
decreased appetite 1
lethargy 1
low back pain 1
epigastric pain 1
non-productive cough 1
pedal edema 1
renal colic 1
muscle cramps 1
apathy 1
KIDNEY 1
snoring 1
acid regurgitation 1
shoulder pain 1
bloating 1
limb pain 1
asterixis 1
splenomegaly 1
lassitude 1
chest pain 1
night sweats 1
pallor 1
exertional dyspnea 1
chronic cough 1
Drug
Dial 158
ROS 108
lysine 101
Nephron 98
Nephron 98
Angiotensin II 78
Cardiovasc 74
Albumin 71
Monit 34
Captopril 30
vitamin E 29
Aliskiren 25
NAG 24
ROC 22
ADM 20
Ramipril 20
Aminoguanidine 18
Vitamin B 14
PTH 14
Pyridoxamine 13
Glucagon 13
NADH 12
ascorbate 12
Rosiglitazone 12
Indomethacin 11
DM1 10
MAP 10
Liraglutide 10
Nitric Oxide 10
Olmesartan 8
CCL 8
Valsartan 8
Dermatol 8
Leaf 7
Gel 7
Parkin 7
Vitamin E 7
Parkin 7
ETA 7
BH4 6
Growth hormone 6
Gelatin 5
IFN-gamma 5
niacin 5
Vitamin A 5
Growth hormone 5
Emodin 5
Emodin 5
uPA 5
IL-2 5
NOV 4
Camostat mesilate 4
Cilostazol 4
Simvastatin 4
Ginseng 4
Glutathione 4
Adriamycin 4
Serum albumin 4
EPA 4
TAK 4
ABC 4
Forskolin 4
Troglitazone 3
Ouabain 3
Trandolapril 3
Benfotiamine 3
Photofrin 3
Glycyrrhiza 3
nitroglycerin 3
EPI 3
Rutin 3
Olmesartan medoxomil 3
TAT 3
Heme 3
Vorinostat 3
Pravastatin 3
Tranilast 3
Ergosterol 3
PTC 3
Gliquidone 3
Tacrolimus 3
CSF 3
Tolvaptan 3
Tallow 2
Fructose 2
Gefitinib 2
Omacor 2
metformin hydrochloride 2
Losartan potassium 2
Bayer 2
ADR 2
Exenatide 2
Bosentan 2
Epalrestat 2
Hyaluronidase 2
Spectrum 2
Clonidine 2
Asn 2
Imatinib 2
Myricetin 2
Insulin detemir 2
citric acid 2
pyridoxal phosphate 2
TAC 2
CTX 2
CVA 2
Perindopril 2
Aliskiren fumarate 2
CTX 2
IPD 2
Iohexol 2
CTX 2
Kenyan 2
Erlotinib 2
SMP 2
Pirfenidone 2
Lotrel 2
Bosentan 2
Lovastatin 2
Alacepril 2
Beraprost sodium 2
ENT 2
PDGF B-chain 2
p75 2
caffeine 2
Monopril 1
Caprylic Acid 1
Retinoic acid 1
Leucovorin 1
Levosimendan 1
Diurnal 1
NVP 1
Bifidobacterium 1
Propidium 1
Medalist 1
CTA 1
CaCl2 1
Artesunate 1
Luteinizing 1
CaCl2 1
Isoniazid 1
DNase I 1
Rimonabant 1
Moxifloxacin 1
Alteplase 1
Methyldopa 1
Roflumilast 1
Fondaparinux 1
Alteplase 1
Esculin 1
Januvia 1
Ezetimibe 1
Rosuvastatin 1
MRC 1
Muzolimine 1
Nitecapone 1
CPR 1
Spectrum 1
CAM 1
Ponalrestat 1
more...
Enzyme
renin 797
ACE 477
mitogen-activated protein kinase 292
superoxide dismutase 239
protein kinase C 232
catalase 153
protein kinase 136
NADPH oxidase 131
caspase-3 111
NADPH oxidase 110
luciferase 106
ERK 99
aldose reductase 93
AMP-activated protein kinase 81
glutathione peroxidase 73
focal adhesion kinase 63
AMPK 41
ATPase 41
AMPK 40
HK2 32
GSK 32
kallikrein 30
calcineurin 28
plasmin 28
lactate dehydrogenase 27
peroxidase 27
alkaline phosphatase 26
NO synthase 24
alanine aminotransferase 24
MEK 24
collagenase 23
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 23
caspase-1 22
PARP 21
thrombin 21
proteasome 19
aspartate aminotransferase 19
trypsin 18
carnosinase 18
reverse transcriptase 18
phosphodiesterase 15
NQO1 15
APC 15
heme oxygenase 14
xanthine oxidase 14
urokinase-type plasminogen activator 14
CD10 13
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 13
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 13
RNase 13
caspase-9 12
cdc2 12
RNase 12
tissue plasminogen activator 12
cathepsin B 11
glutathione S-transferase 11
chymase 11
complex I 11
serum carnosinase 11
lipoprotein lipase 10
AST 10
guanylate cyclase 10
NOS 10
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 10
thromboplastin 10
MAP 10
lysozyme 9
matrix metalloproteinase 2 9
tissue kallikrein 9
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 9
CD13 9
DCF 8
MMP 8
glutathione reductase 8
PKG 8
phospholipase A2 7
phosphoinositide 3-kinase 7
phospholipase C 7
Thy1 7
MMP-3 7
alanine aminopeptidase 7
arginase 7
beta-galactosidase 6
dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 6
matrix metalloproteinase 9 6
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 6
transglutaminase 6
ECH 6
leucine aminopeptidase 6
neuraminidase 6
AGT 6
caspase-8 6
RNA polymerase 6
ribonuclease 6
ribonuclease 6
cathepsin L 6
prolyl hydroxylase 6
alpha-glucosidase 5
MIP 5
meprin 5
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 5
GTP cyclohydrolase I 5
acetyl-CoA carboxylase 5
IKK 5
dipeptidyl peptidase IV 5
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 5
PDK1 5
hexosaminidase 5
AMP-activated kinase 5
gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase 5
sorbitol dehydrogenase 5
glucose oxidase 5
FPS 5
pepsin 5
15-lipoxygenase 5
glucose-6-phosphatase 4
adenylate cyclase 4
creatine kinase 4
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 4
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 4
PAH 4
hyaluronidase 4
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 4
ceruloplasmin 4
elastase 4
ATP synthase 4
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 4
cathepsin D 4
CaMKII 4
transketolase 4
transcriptase 4
monoamine oxidase 4
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 4
myo-inositol oxygenase 4
carbonic anhydrase 4
12-lipoxygenase 4
MDP 4
soluble epoxide hydrolase 3
endonuclease 3
diacylglycerol kinase 3
sphingosine kinase 3
aldehyde dehydrogenase 3
cytochrome oxidase 3
succinate dehydrogenase 3
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 3
glucokinase 3
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 3
thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor 3
TAT 3
CAD 3
aminopeptidase A 3
CAD 3
nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3
CPT 3
TACE 3
isocitrate dehydrogenase 3
diamine oxidase 3
isocitrate dehydrogenase 3
tryptase 3
pantetheinase 3
more...
Compound
glucose 2869
creatinine 1599
Clin 994
Dec 691
oxygen 559
urea 429
sodium 385
nitrogen 330
acetate 317
aldosterone 301
DNA 278
calcium 262
STZ 258
water 219
nitric oxide 206
Angiotensin II 193
TNF 190
Dial 158
Insulin 125
salt 110
lysine 106
phosphate 104
potassium 98
GSH 95
GSH 95
Ang II 85
galactose 78
sulfate 71
EDTA 70
EDTA 70
arginine 65
vitamin D 63
nicotinamide 62
8-OHdG 61
Diabetol 58
ATP 57
Diabetol 57
MDA 54
Irbesartan 53
iron 52
hydrogen 51
Losartan 48
cysteine 47
Cardiol 47
NADPH 46
NADPH 46
MTT 43
AGE 43
tyrosine 43
serine 42
N-acetylcysteine 42
ASA 42
His 40
alloxan 40
NAD 40
Pac 39
zinc 38
PAS 38
DPP 37
Collagen 35
NAD 33
Pima 31
phosphorus 30
Telmisartan 29
Sodium 29
homocysteine 29
Cystine 29
threonine 28
leucine 28
DBA 28
DBA 28
DBA 28
Resveratrol 27
AMP 27
cAMP 26
CAT 25
CAT 25
prostacyclin 25
CAT 25
Berberine 24
alanine 24
cGMP 23
TOF 23
proline 23
nitrate 23
pentosidine 22
palmitic acid 22
Metformin 22
Metformin 22
retinol 20
ethanol 20
Curcumin 19
Vitamin D 19
H2O2 19
MEK 18
PGE2 17
Pioglitazone 17
Enalapril 17
SDS 16
palmitic acid 16
LPR 16
dUTP 15
PMA 15
methionine 15
H2S 15
ADP 15
glutamine 14
MES 14
bromide 14
MES 14
Pyridoxamine 13
Glucagon 13
superoxide radical 13
ADP 13
Carnosine 13
iodine 12
Cholesterol 12
GTP 12
NADH 12
Heparan sulfate 12
ADP 12
Fenofibrate 12
diacetate 12
copper 11
Optimal 11
CoA 11
Histone 11
PMA 11
prostaglandin E1 11
DTPA 11
ammonium 10
adenylate 10
PEG 10
acetic acid 10
Guo 10
Rhein 10
Rapamycin 10
FK506 10
MAP 10
carbonate 10
valine 9
Nodular 9
cadmium 9
pyrrolidine 9
silver 9
Taurine 9
Atorvastatin 9
Guo 9
GSSG 9
25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 9
pyrrolidine 9
chromium 8
TEM 8
noradrenaline 8
pentose 8
pentose 8
CO2 8
Melatonin 8
Vitamin E 8
glutamate 8
more...