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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A symmetrically growth retarded premature infant was born to a mother with advanced diabetic nephropathy, chronic renal failure, and hypertension, and managed with aggressive medical therapy without the use of dialysis. The neonatal course was uncomplicated, except for cord blood creatinine and BUN concentrations of 4.7 mg/dl and 116 mg/dl, respectively, that fell to 1.1 mg/dl and 44 mg/dl by 2 days of age. Strict glucose control, careful management of the metabolic abnormalities of uremia, and periodic surveillance of fetal well-being led to a successful pregnancy.
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PMID:Fetal-neonatal uremia in advanced maternal diabetes. 669 31

In this article we describe the successful management of pregnancy and delivery in a 26-yr-old patient with advanced diabetic nephropathy and chronic renal failure. Targets for control of blood urea and hemoglobin were achieved with the aid of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Peritoneal dialysis did not interfere with normal recovery from cesarean section. With CAPD, successful pregnancy is now possible in this group of patients, among whom fetal loss would otherwise be high.
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PMID:Successful pregnancy in a diabetic patient treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 687 12

Five patients developed pruritic, keratotic, perforating follicular papules and nodules within 2 months of starting maintenance hemodialysis. Clinically and histologically, the papules and nodules showed the features of perforating folliculitis with superimposed prurigo nodularis, a condition not previously described in patients on maintenance dialysis. The patients with perforating folliculitis constituted 10% of our patients on dialysis during the period of this study. Notably, all five patients were black and had chronic renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy. The precise pathogenesis of perforating folliculitis in these patients is unclear at this time.
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PMID:Perforating folliculitis in association with hemodialysis. 710 11

One hundred consecutive patients with serious illnesses that required angiography were studied prospectively for the development of radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure. The study included 24 diabetics (six diabetics had chronic renal insufficiency), 19 patients with chronic renal insufficiency of other causes, 15 patients with concentrated urine, and 56 patients who received 100 mL or more of a contrast agent. Acute renal failure developed in only one patient. Previous series that indicated much higher incidences were retrospective and not inclusive of all patients, or these studies were composed mainly of patients with diabetic nephropathy and chronic renal failure to whom high doses of a contrast agent were given. Angiography is unlikely to produce acute renal failure except in an occasional patient with well-defined risk factors.
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PMID:Low incidence of renal failure after angiography. 727

To elucidate the pathophysiologic significance of circulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) to the vascular lesions in diabetic patients, ET-1 levels in plasma and peritoneal dialysis fluid were measured in 11 patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) [five with diabetic nephropathy (group A); six with chronic renal failure without diabetes mellitus (group B)]. ET-1 levels were determined by a highly sensitive and specific enzymeimmunoassay. Plasma ET-1 levels in group A were not significantly different from those in group B (3.3 +/- 0.9 versus 3.5 +/- 0.9 pg/ml). However, the amounts of ET-1 in peritoneal dialysis fluid in group A were significantly greater than those in group B (19.2 +/- 13.2 versus 10.4 +/- 6.3 ng/day). These results suggest that abdominal capillary vessels in diabetic patients are hyperpermeable to ET-1.
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PMID:Hyperpermeability of abdominal capillary vessels to endothelin-1 in patients with diabetes mellitus. 750 87

To investigate the role of vitronectin in the progression of diabetic nephropathy, plasma concentrations of vitronectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with diabetes mellitus and compared with normal control subjects. In diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, plasma concentrations of vitronectin were significantly higher than those of control subjects. Plasma concentrations of vitronectin in diabetic patients with chronic renal failure were significantly lower than those with normal renal function. There was a significant positive correlation between plasma concentration of vitronectin and blood platelet counts. In the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, vitronectin may be increased caused by synthesis from activated platelets. With progression of diabetic nephropathy, plasma vitronectin may be decreased because of accumulation in sclerotic glomeruli and arteriosclerotic lesions. In conclusion, the plasma concentration of vitronectin appears to be an important marker for the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Changes in plasma concentrations of vitronectin in patients with diabetic nephropathy. 752 68

Occupational pollutants may have a role in development of chronic renal failure (CRF). Most epidemiological studies have been cross-sectional, limited to certain renal diagnoses, or concentrated on early transient renal effects. In a case-control study, we examined the association between CRF and occupational exposure. Occupational histories of 272 men and women with CRF (of all types) were compared with those of 272 controls matched for age, sex, and region of residence. Exposures were assessed and degree and frequency were scored independently by three industrial hygienists unaware of case/control status. Significantly increased risks of CRF were found for exposure to lead (odds ratio 2.11 [95% CI 1.23-4.36]), copper (2.54 [1.16-5.53]), chromium (2.77 [1.21-6.33]), tin (3.72 [1.22-11.3]), mercury (5.13 [1.02-25.7]), welding fumes (2.06 [1.05-4.04]), silicon-containing compounds (2.51 [1.37-4.60]), grain dust (2.96 [1.24-7.04]), and oxygenated hydrocarbons (5.45 [1.84-16.2]). The frequencies of various occupational exposures were high among patients with diabetic nephropathy. This epidemiological study confirms previously identified risk factors and suggests that additional occupational exposures, for which there is some other experimental evidence, may be important in the development of CRF. The role of grain dust and the association between occupational exposure and diabetic nephropathy merit further investigation.
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PMID:New occupational risk factors for chronic renal failure. 760 80

Mitochondrial dysfunctions of the muscle in diabetic amyotrophy and of the liver in diabetic fatty liver have been reported. We investigated mitochondrial gene mutations in three cases: (1) a patient with diabetic amyotrophy in the muscles of the lower extremities, and neuropathy; (2) 5 diabetics with myoatrophy, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic renal failure; and (3) an IDDM patient with a diabetic fatty liver. We identified a 5778-bp deletion (8214-13991) in mitochondrial DNA from the muscle and liver biopsy specimens by the primer shift PCR and PCR-direct sequence methods. It is speculated that 5778-bp deletion is due to homogeneous recombination in the 7-bp repeat sequence of TCCTAGA flanking the region deleted in the mitochondrial DNA. Determination of respiratory chain enzyme activities in fresh muscle mitochondria demonstrated the defect in complex I activity. The deletion covers areas coding ND3, ND4, ND4L, and ND5 in complex I. The 5778-bp deletion might cause a defect in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic amyotrophy, myoatrophy with diabetic nephropathy, and chronic renal failure, as well as diabetic fatty liver in IDDM.
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PMID:A new mitochondrial DNA deletion associated with diabetic amyotrophy, diabetic myoatrophy and diabetic fatty liver. 760 16

Detection of early renal dysfunction remains a difficult problem because creatinine levels often do not become abnormal until glomerular filtration rate is severely reduced. Creatol, which also accumulates in renal failure, has been suggested as an alternative to creatinine. To measure glomerular filtration rate, a number of simplified techniques have been suggested; for the most part, however, they have not been validated in patients with severe chronic renal failure. Glomerular filtration rate can be estimated with fair precision from serum creatinine concentration with the use of improved equations, provided that the serum creatinine level is greater than 2 mg/dL. The use of cimetidine to reduce the discrepancy between creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate does not seem justifiable. In diabetic nephropathy, sequential biopsies may be preferable to sequential determinations of glomerular filtration rate for follow-up of patients with this disease.
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PMID:Assessment of renal function and progression of disease. 780 57

We studied the relationship between the histomorphometric parameters of bone structure in biopsied iliac crest bone specimens and the serum biochemical parameters in 62 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients at the time of starting hemodialysis. These patients were classified into 4 groups according to Coburn's definition: 4 patients with osteomalacia, 1 with osteitis fibrosa, and 57 with mild type. Serum corrected Ca levels were significantly lower in cases with osteomalacia than those of mild type, which suggested that hypocalcemia was related to Calcification disturbance in end-stage renal failure. The bone histomorphometry revealed that in CRF patients, osteoid and bone resorption parameters were significantly higher and calcification parameters were significantly lower than those of normal controls. Osteoclast and osteoblast surfaces were significantly correlated with osteoid and bone formation parameters. In diabetic nephropathy patients, serum C-PTH levels were significantly lower than those of patients with non-diabetic nephropathies. Bone mass, osteoid and bone formation parameters were also significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy patients, which showed that low turnover bone mass decrement has already appeared at the time of starting hemodialysis. There was a significant negative correlation between serum corrected Ca levels and osteoid parameters. A significant relationship was also found between serum alkaline phosphatase levels and both osteoid and bone formation parameters. Serum C-PTH levels were significantly related to osteoid, bone resorption and bone formation parameters, demonstrating the presence of high turnover bone in secondary hyperparathyroidism. This study clarifies that morphological changes of bone structure are present at the time of starting hemodialysis in CRF patients.
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PMID:[Studies on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of renal osteodystrophy. II. Bone histology of chronic renal failure patients at the time of starting hemodialysis]. 781 47


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