Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

51 CAPD patients (age 55.5 +/- 14.5 yrs, 35 male, 16 female) on CAPD using 'O' set were studied retrospectively during the period January 1993 to April 1995. Etiology of ESRD was Diabetic nephropathy-25(49%) and the other causes-26(51%). The total duration of observation on 'O' set was 553 patient months, the mean duration was 10.8 +/- 6.1 months. 24 patients (47%) developed total of 30 episodes of peritonitis. The incidence of peritonitis was 18.4 patient months per episode of peritonitis. The organisms responsible for peritonitis were Gram positive-6(20%), Gram negative-3(10%), Fungal-1(3.3%), Mycobacterial-1(3.3%), Eosinophilic-1(3.3%), Sterile-12(40%) and unknown-6(20%) 2 patients of bacterial peritonitis and a patient with tuberculous peritonitis died while rest of the patients responded favourably to antibiotics. 13(52%) diabetic patients and 11(42%) non-diabetic patients had peritonitis (p-NS) and the peritonitis rates in diabetics and non diabetics were 18.3 and 18.6 patient months per episode respectively (p-NS). Exit site infection was seen in 5 patients (10%) (Staph aureus-4, Enterococci-1) and all responded to antibiotic therapy. 7 patients had total of 10 episodes of symptomatic accidental intraperitoneal sodium hypochlorite instillation, none had any long term adverse effects. The 'O' set procedure was done by self in 10(20%) and by others in 41(80%) cases. The peritonitis rates when performed by self and others were 18.5 and 18.4 patient months per episode respectively (p-NS). The cost of being on CAPD using 'O' set, Y-bag and twin bag were Rs. 1,50,000, 2,10,000 and 3,72,000 per annum respectively and cost of maintenance haemodialysis was 1,36,800 per annum. The cost of CAPD using 'O' set was comparable to that of maintenance haemodialysis. The 'O' set connector system in CAPD is found to be safe, cost effective and efficient.
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PMID:'O' set connector system in CAPD. 925 69

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and we investigated the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, in diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with tempol from 2 weeks until 8 weeks. The expression of NADPH oxidase, catalase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase activity, and production of peroxide and hypochlorite were evaluated. Tempol treatment prevented the increase in NADPH oxidase and peroxide production in the glomeruli of diabetic rat. Catalase was decreased without change in SOD activity, and MPO was enhanced in the kidney of diabetic rats. Tempol treatment stimulated SOD activity and increased the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide on its hand was converted to hypochlorite by the increased MPO. The reduction of peroxide by tempol was followed by the decrease in TGF-beta and mesangial matrix expansion. However, tempol did not reduce hypochlorite or urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, tempol inhibited glomerular matrix expansion via suppression of peroxide production and TGF-beta, but it failed to reduce proteinuria, probably due to the increased hypochlorite production in diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Double-edged action of SOD mimetic in diabetic nephropathy. 1726 58

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) may play an important role not only in host defense reactions but also in local inflammations, especially in atherosclerotic diseases such as hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN). Paradoxically, MPO-deficient mice have been reported to show increased atherosclerosis compared with wild mice, although higher MPO levels are thought to exacerbate atherosclerotic disease. To clarify the genetic role of MPO in HN, we examined the function and distribution of the -463G/A polymorphism located in the promoter region of the MPO gene with ex vivo flow cytometry analysis and a study in end-stage renal disease patients, respectively. This polymorphism has been reported to have a functional significance in vitro, with the A allele being associated with lower MPO expression. In the present study, we also found significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with peripheral neutrophils isolated from subjects with the GG genotype compared with those from subjects with other genotypes by flow cytometry assay with 2-[6-(4'-amino) phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl] benzoic acid (APF), which shows higher sensitivity with hypochlorite (OCl(-)). Genotyping the -463G/A polymorphism in HN, chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and diabetic nephropathy (DM) patients who were under hemodialysis treatment demonstrated that the GG genotype was more frequent in the HN group than in the CGN and DM groups. However, the distribution of the GG genotype in the HN group was similar to that in healthy individuals. Although the -463G/A polymorphism is associated with ROS production, careful interpretation may be required to conclude that the -463G/A polymorphism can serve as a useful marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in dialysis patients.
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PMID:Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene in hypertensive nephrosclerosis dialysis patients. 1834 24