Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of tolvaptan for treating heart failure has already been shown. Adequate data relating to the effect of tolvaptan on the correlation of water balance in renal disease are not available. A retrospective study was conducted on the efficacy and adverse reactions of tolvaptan for treating nephrotic syndrome.The subjects were 26 patients with chronic kidney failure due to diabetic nephropathy with heart failure who were administered tolvaptan and seen between December 2011 and October 2013. The endpoints were urinary output, physical findings, and blood analyses. The expression of aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct, which is related to the action of tolvaptan, was investigated by immunohistochemistry using the kidney tissue obtained for the diagnosis.Responses were seen in 19 of the patients. In the histopathological investigation there was severe glomerulosclerosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy, but the responders were noticeable in that they only had mild tubulointerstitial damage. Non-responders exhibited profound tubulointerstitial damage. The expression of aquaporin-2 was determined in 8 patients, of which 7 were responders who tested positive for aquaporin-2. The remaining case was a non-responder who showed no expression of aquaporin-2.Tolvaptan is considered effective for some cases of nephrotic syndrome. There are no clear parameters for predicting an effect, but the present study showed that aquaporin-2 was expressed in the epithelial cells of the collecting ducts of tolvaptan responders.
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PMID:Effect of tolvaptan in patients with chronic kidney disease due to diabetic nephropathy with heart failure. 2531 55

Patients with diabetic nephropathy develop nephrotic syndrome and may show limited response to conventional therapy. They often require earlier initiation of renal replacement therapy because they become refractory to diuretics, and experience excessive fluid retention. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of tolvaptan, an oral arginine vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist, in a case series of 14 severe diabetic renal failure patients who were severely refractory to maximal doses of furosemide and had excessive fluid retention despite preserved cardiac function and residual renal function. All 14 patients experienced immediate and sustained water diuretic effects, resulting in alleviation of congestive heart failure. None required initiation of renal replacement therapy. Tolvaptan promptly increased urine volume and free water clearance, reversed progressive fluid retention, and alleviated congestive heart failure. Thus, tolvaptan could serve as a potential adjunct therapy for severe diabetic renal failure patients with excessive fluid retention and congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Tolvaptan alleviates excessive fluid retention of nephrotic diabetic renal failure unresponsive to furosemide. 2966 3

Tolvaptan, a vasopressin type-2 receptor antagonist, is indicated for fluid retention. It is considered that the response to tolvaptan reduces as renal function deteriorates, whereas we sometimes experience "non-responders" to tolvaptan despite well-preserved renal function. While the expression of aquaporin-2 might be a key to response to tolvaptan, detailed mechanism of refractoriness to tolvaptan remains unknown. We experienced two patients with congestive heart failure and diabetic nephropathy, in whom the responses to tolvaptan were uniquely opposite. In one case, immunohistochemical staining showed expression of aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct despite severely reduced renal function, followed by the good response to tolvaptan with increased urine output. In another case, immunohistochemical staining showed absence of aquaporin-2 with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the kidney medulla despite relatively preserved renal function, followed by refractoriness to tolvaptan without any increase in urine output. Inactivated aquaporin-2 expression in the collecting duct, which was for example caused by pre-clinical urinary infection as our latter case, might have an association with refractoriness to tolvaptan.
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PMID:Expression of aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct and responses to tolvaptan. 3277 25