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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Geographic/population variation in the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is well recognised. In a study of 'native' Indians, we screened 102 non-proteinuric diabetes mellitus patients (64 NIDDM, 38 IDDM; mean age and diabetic duration 48.7 and 6.5 years, 21.6 and 6.2 years, respectively) with blood pressure less than or equal to 170/105 and without congestive heart failure, ketonuria or urinary tract infection, for the presence of microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate greater than 20 micrograms/min). Fifty-six patients (34 NIDDM, 22 IDDM) also underwent detailed fundus examination. Seventeen NIDDM (26.6%) and 3 IDDM (7.9%) patients had microalbuminuria. Glycated hemoglobin was significantly higher in microalbuminurics in the NIDDM group (P less than 0.05). Diabetic retinopathy tended to occur more frequently in microalbuminurics (NIDDM and IDDM).
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PMID:The prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetes: a study from north India. 187 3

Proteinuria was diminished by concomitant oral administration of sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Animals were placed in one of three groups: control, diabetic, sorbinil-treated diabetic. For a period of 10 weeks, 24-hour urine samples were analyzed weekly for volume, glucose, ketone, total protein (Pesce-Strande) and individual protein components having molecular weights between 15,000 and 120,000 daltons. The latter were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and quantitated by laser densitometric analysis. Results indicated that controls excreted albumin (68,000 daltons) and low-molecular weight proteins between 15,000 and 20,000 daltons. Throughout the 10-week period of diabetes, there was a 7- to 12-fold increase in total urinary protein excreted in 24 h. Diabetic-induced proteinuria primarily resulted from excretion of newly detected proteins having molecular weights of 30,000-100,000 daltons and an increase amount of albumin. Sorbinil treatment prevented approximately 70% of the increase in total protein excretion despite persistent hyperglycemia, glycosuria and ketonuria. Laser densitometric analysis indicated that the aldose reductase inhibitor decreased by 70% the excretion of newly detected proteins and albumin while maintaining the 15,000- to 20,000-dalton proteins. These results suggest that the polyol pathway is implicated in diabetic-induced proteinuria and inhibition of aldose reductase may represent a therapeutic approach for management of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Diminished proteinuria in diabetes mellitus by sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor. 308 Jul 63

Microalbuminuria is defined as excretion of albumin between 20 and 200 micrograms/min. Persistent microalbuminuria indicates a high probability of damage to the glomerular filtration capacity of the kidney and is of great diagnostic relevance: (a) in diabetes, for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy; (b) in patients with hypertension, as an indicator of end-organ damage associated with a lowered life expectancy; (c) in pregnancy, as a possible predictor of developing preeclampsia. For screening, a concentration of 20-200 mg/L of albumin in the first morning urine has been proven to be a suitable indicator. The Micral-Test is a test strip now available that makes a semiquantitative assessment of the albumin concentration in the urine at various levels (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/L). Many studies have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of the test strip is 90% or higher in urine containing elevated albumin concentrations. Furthermore, it was shown that there is no influence on the measurement from interfering factors such as glucose concentration, pH value, ketonuria, storage of the sample, or bacterial contamination in the urine. The Micral-Test offers a simple, exact, and with respect to interference effects, a robust testing method for the semiquantitative assessment of albumin concentration in the urine.
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PMID:Clinical significance of microalbuminuria and evaluation of the Micral-Test. 824 89

Both glomerular and tubular markers have been used to follow diabetic nephropathy. However, neither albumin nor proximal tubular markers have proven useful in prepubertal diabetes. Hence we studied two markers derived from the distal tubular cells, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The urinary excretion of THP and EGF was examined in samples obtained during the first 20 days and 1 year after diagnosis of diabetes in children aged 4-15 years. Fourteen children without and 18 with ketonuria were examined, and 17 age-matched healthy children participated as controls. The excretion rate of EGF was increased at diagnosis, while that of THP was not. After 20 days of treatment the excretion of EGF had normalized, while the excretion of THP was decreased. Similar results were obtained after 1 year. In conclusion, in spite of good metabolic control a reduced excretion of THP persisted for at least 1 year after the diagnosis of diabetes. Whether the finding of reduced excretion of THP has any biological significance awaits further study.
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PMID:Early urinary changes in Tamm-Horsfall protein and epidermal growth factor in diabetic children. 1142 Sep 12