Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy have a highly increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. To determine whether altered levels of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), the glycoprotein of the potentially atherogenic lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), contribute to the increased risk of ischaemic heart disease, apo(a) was determined in 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy (group 1), in 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (group 2), in 50 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (group 3), and in 50 healthy subjects (group 4). The groups were matched with regard to sex, age and body mass index. The diabetic groups were also matched with regard to diabetes duration. The level of apo(a) was approximately the same in the four groups, being: 122 (x/ divided by 4.2) U l-1, 63 (x/ divided by 4.4) U l-1, 128 (x/ divided by 3.5) U l-1 and 126 (x/ divided by 3.7) U l-1 (geometric mean (x/ divided by antilog SD)) in group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. 1 U l-1 apo(a) approximates 0.7 mg l-1 Lp(a).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoprotein(a) in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. 141 Dec 63

The diagnostic significance of urinary sialic acid (SA) determinations was evaluated in relation to the histological findings of renal biopsy specimens. The subjects enrolled in this study comprised 82 diabetics. They were divided into 4 groups according to Gellman's criteria, namely D0, DI, DII and DIII approximately IV. Thirty non-diabetic healthy volunteers were used as controls. The urinary SA was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and the urinary albumin excretion was estimated by solid phase radioimmunoassay. In addition, urine samples were assayed for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2MG). The urinary level of total SA (under conditions of hydrolysis) was significantly increased in the DII and DIII approximately IV groups as compared to the controls; however, a similar value was observed in the D0, DI and control groups. The urinary level of glycoprotein-bound SA was significantly increased in all diabetics as compared to the control group, and was significantly higher in the DII and DIII approximately IV groups than in the D0 and DI groups. The bound-SA/total-SA ratio (B/T ratio) showed a significant increase with respect to the progress of diffuse lesions. A weak correlation was noted between the B/T ratio and urinary protein excretion. However, there was no correlation between the B/T ratio and other indices. The urinary SA is considered to represent a useful indicator for estimating diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of urinary sialic acid in diabetic nephropathy. 159 1

Twenty-three nonobese KK mice with abnormal tolerance to glucose, hyperinsulinemia with insulin resistance and human diabetic-like nephropathy were treated with either saline (12 mice) or glipizide, an oral hypoglycemic compound, 1 mg/kg, (11 mice) from 120 to 360 days of age. These mice develop significant increases in mesangial volume and matrix by 40 days of age. Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), glucosyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (enzymes involved in synthesis and degradation of kidney glycoproteins, respectively) in the kidney and serum, 24-hr proteinuria, and light microscopy studies of the kidney were performed. Glipizide-treated mice improved their OGTT. There was no difference in body weight; however, a 16% decrease (P less than 0.05) in kidney weight was observed in glipizide-treated mice. Both enzymes were significantly increased in the kidneys of mice treated with glipizide. No difference in serum enzymes was found between the two groups of mice. About 58% of the saline-treated mice had moderate glomerulosclerosis. By contrast, only 27% of glipizide-treated mice had moderate glomerulosclerosis. Also, a significant decrease in proteinuria was found in glipizide-treated mice. These data suggest that glipizide improves glucose metabolism, decreases kidney size, prevents kidney glycoprotein and mesangial matrix accumulation, and reduces proteinuria in type II diabetic KK mice. This indicates that good glycemic control prevents further progression of established diabetic nephropathy in animals.
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PMID:Diabetic microangiopathy in KK mice. VI. Effect of glycemic control on renal glycoprotein metabolism and established glomerulosclerosis. 214 55

Measurement of sialic acid and acute phase reactant (APR) proteins in sera of patients with diabetic nephropathy was performed. Twenty-six patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were examined. The levels of sialic acid in sera, with or without treatment of neuraminidase, were measured by the thiobarbiturate method. The levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) or alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG) were measured by laser nephelometry. The levels of sialic acid or APR proteins in sera of patients with diabetic nephropathy were increased markedly. There was a significant correlation between the levels of sialic acid and those of alpha 1-AT in sera of patients with NIDDM. The mobility of alpha 1-AT in sera of patients with NIDDM treated with neuraminidase was decreased markedly in the immunofixation test. It is suggested that the increase of APR proteins in diabetic sera is mainly composed of sialic acid in patients with NIDDM with or without nephropathy.
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PMID:Measurement of sialic acid and acute phase reactant proteins in sera of patients with diabetic nephropathy. 246 54

The levels of immunoglobulins, complement components and APR proteins including alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG), alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG) and haptoglobin (Hpt) in the sera, as well as glycosylated or nonglycosylated protein fractions of these proteins in the sera, were examined by laser nephelometry in 49 patients with diabetes mellitus. Immunofluorescence studies of immunoglobulins, beta-lipoprotein (beta-Lp), complement components and APR proteins in the kidney and skin tissues of patients with diabetic nephropathy were performed to elucidate whether such factors might play a role in the development of the vascular changes in this disease. The levels of alpha 1-AT and alpha 2-MG in the sera as well as glycosylated or nonglycosylated protein fractions of these proteins in the sera from patients with diabetic nephropathy, were significantly greater than those in healthy adults. Marked linear deposition of these proteins in the glomerular or dermal vascular walls was observed in the same patients. In particular, IgG and alpha 1-AT were accumulated in the glomeruli of patients with the nodular type of this disease. The intensity of alpha 1-AT or IgG deposition in glomerular capillary walls treated with a high concentration (4 mol) of NaCl was markedly decreased in such patients. It appeared that serum APR proteins with or without glycosylation underwent exudation into the glomerular and dermal vascular walls, and then accumulated in these walls in patients with diabetic nephropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunopathological analysis of acute phase reactant (APR) proteins in glomeruli from patients with diabetic nephropathy. 247

Raised levels of plasma fibronectin (PF), an alpha 2-glycoprotein produced by vascular endothelia, have been previously described in diabetic patients with retinopathy and overt nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of microalbuminuria is associated with increased PF concentrations. Twenty Albustix-negative diabetic outpatients with microalbuminuria [median albumin excretion rate (AER): 30.2 micrograms/min; range 12.1-194 micrograms/min] were compared with 58 sex- and age-matched patients without microalbuminuria (median AER 3.1 micrograms/min; range 0.8-12 micrograms/min) and 34 control subjects (median AER 2.8 micrograms/min; range 0.8-12.1 micrograms/min). Mean PF was significantly higher in the group with microalbuminuria (406.7 +/- 85.5 micrograms/ml) than in the group without it (325.3 +/- 76.5 micrograms/ml or in control subjects (334.5 +/- 76 micrograms/ml; P less than .05). PF increase associated with microalbuminuria was independent of the presence of retinopathy. Furthermore, in the whole group of diabetic patients, PF was significantly correlated with AER (r = .33; P = .003). Such correlation also remained significant (P = .0002) after covariance analysis by a stepwise discriminant procedure taking into account age, duration of disease, sex, blood pressure, body weight, therapy, and HbA1. In conclusion, PF increase is associated with microalbuminuria independent of the other considered variables; its role as a possible marker for early diabetic nephropathy remains to be fully clarified.
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PMID:Increased plasma fibronectin concentration in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. 320 68

The 24-h urine excretion and renal clearance of albumin, alpha I-acid glycoprotein, transferrin, IgG, IgA and haptoglobin were studied in 30 albustix-negative diabetics with no clinical data for diabetic nephropathy aiming at the precise characterization of proteinuria in patients with diabetes mellitus. The diabetic patients were divided into two groups - 15 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and 15 - with a longer duration of diabetes. Thirteen healthy subjects, at the same mean age, served as a control group. The results reveal increase of the clearances and 24-h excretion of the proteins studied in the patients with diabetes mellitus, in those with a short duration of the disease including, with authentic difference for albumin, transferrin, IgG and haptoglobin among the patients with a longer duration of the disease and the healthy controls and authentic difference for albumin between those with the newly diagnosed diabetes and the healthy control. The possible prognostic significance of the indices studied is discussed as well as their importance for the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:[Urinary excretion and renal clearance of several specific plasma proteins in diabetics]. 361 8

Simultaneous studies of serum and urinary proteins in 294 adult proteinuric patients are presented. Our data showed that these studies can provide valuable guides for clinical diagnosis. In the group of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia and hyper-alpha 2 globulinemia were most marked. Urinary protein electrophoresis (PEP) showed a well-selective pattern with albumin and beta globulin as the main constituents. In the other groups of proteinuric patients the hypoalbuminemia and hyper-alpha 2 globulinemia were milder and urinary PEP generally showed non-selective pattern. In the groups of acute glomerulonephritis and lupus nephropathy, C3 was generally decreased; polyclonal gammopathy was frequently encountered and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein was markedly increased. In the cases of chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy and the levels of gamma globulin, C3 and alpha 2 acid glycoprotein were usually within normal limits. Urinary protein selectivity index in this series of adult patients was not a useful diagnostic parameter.
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PMID:Simultaneous studies of serum and urinary proteins for evaluation and diagnosis of glomerular damages in proteinuric patients. 722 87

Tenascin (TN), a large oligomeric glycoprotein, is a recently described component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous reports focusing largely on the role of TN in nephrogenesis have documented the strong expression of TN in embryonic kidney tissue and implied an important role for TN in nephrogenesis. However, the expression of TN in normal and pathologic kidneys in adults has not been systematically evaluated. In this study immunohistochemical staining for TN was applied to 184 renal specimens diagnosed as: normal kidney (23 cases); minimal change disease and its variants (8); mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) including IgA nephropathy and mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis (9); endocapillary proliferative GN including membranoproliferative GN, lupus nephritis, and post-infectious GN (25); crescentic GN (11); membranous GN (19); focal segmental sclerosis (15); thrombotic microangiopathy (8); amyloidosis (5); diabetic nephropathy (9); primary tubulointerstitial nephritis (14); transplant rejection (14); and ischemia (24). It was found that: (a) there was unequivocal global diffuse staining limited to the mesangium in normal kidney; (b) regardless of the etiologies and the morphologic types of glomerular disease, whenever there was expansion of the ECM, whether in the mesangial, endocapillary, or extracapillary spaces, there was a concomitant and proportional in situ increase in the TN staining; (c) globally sclerotic glomeruli, regardless of causes, showed diffuse, strong staining, especially in the subcapsular fibrous deposition seen in ischemic sclerosis; (d) non-sclerotic glomeruli showing early ischemic change uniformly displayed a marked decrease or complete loss of staining; (e) in cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, there was segmental or global staining of the capillary wall, probably corresponding to the enlarged lamina rara interna; (f) all nodular lesions in diabetic glomerulosclerosis showed strong staining, but in several of them this staining was much more pronounced in the periphery than in the center of the lesion. Our study proves that TN is probably a component of the normal mesangial matrix, that TN is an ubiquitous component of the expanded glomerular ECM in pathologic conditions regardless of morphologic subtypes, and that further studies on the cell types and mechanisms responsible for TN synthesis may provide a new venue for the understanding of the process of glomerular sclerosis.
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PMID:Tenascin is an important component of the glomerular extracellular matrix in normal and pathologic conditions. 751 Mar 49

A series of recent observations have shown raised levels of plasma fibronectin (FN), an alpha 2-glycoprotein produced by vascular endothelia, in diabetic patients with retinopathy and overt nephropathy. However, there are no available data on urinary FN and behavior of its excretion in patients affected by diabetic nephropathy characterized by the presence of microalbuminuria. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the urinary excretion of FN (U-FN) is associated with early diabetic nephropathy and other diabetic complications. Fifty-nine diabetic inpatients classified as type II and 15 age-matched control subjects were included in this study. The amount of U-FN, assessed as microgram/g creatinine/24 h, was significantly greater in the patients as a group (348.1 +/- 48.3), than in the controls (108.6 +/- 22.7, p < 0.01). Although patients with overt proteinuria showed an extremely high level of U-FN (1080.5 +/- 184.0; range 216.1 +/- 1726.8), mean U-FN tended to be higher in the group with microalbuminuria (262.4 +/- 21.9; range 101.9-591.9) than in the group without it (188.1 +/- 34.3; range 19.4 +/- 582.4, p < 0.08). In patients who did not have retinopathy and neuropathy, the U-FN was significantly higher in the group with microalbuminuria (222.5 +/- 28.5) than in the group without it (116.1 +/- 22.6, p < 0.01). A highly significant negative correlation existed between endogenous creatinine clearance values and the amounts of U-FN in the patients (r = -0.642, p < 0.01), while there was no such relationship in the controls (r = 0.167, p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased urinary fibronectin excretion in type II diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. 766 99


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