Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A statistical survey of 3932 nationwide hemodialysis (hereafter, dialysis) facilities was carried out at the end of 2004, and 3882 facilities (98.73%) responded. The population undergoing dialysis at the end of 2004 was 248 166, an increase of 10 456 patients (4.4%) from that at the end of 2003. The number of dialysis patients per million people was 1943.5. The crude death rate of dialysis patients from the end of 2003 to the end of 2004 was 9.4%. The mean age of patients who underwent dialysis in 2004 was 65.8 years, and that of the total dialysis population was 63.3 years. The percentage distribution of patients who underwent dialysis according to a newly underlying disease showed that 41.3% of patients had diabetic nephropathy and 28.1% had chronic glomerulonephritis. The frequency of calcium carbonate use for dialysis patients was 75.1% and that of sevelamer hydrochloride use was 26.2%. The frequency of sevelamer hydrochloride use does not necessarily have a strong correlation with the dose of calcium carbonate. Patients who received high doses of sevelamer hydrochloride tended to have a low concentration of arterial blood HCO(3-). Approximately 15% of dialysis patients used an intravenous vitamin D preparation, generally maxacalcitol. The longer the patients had been on dialysis, the higher the frequency of use of an intravenous vitamin D preparation. When the concentration of serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was more than 200 pg/mL, the frequency of use of an orally administered vitamin D preparation decreased; but that of intravenous vitamin D preparation increased. The percentage of dialysis patients who received percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) was 1.4%. The percentage was more than 50% in the patients who had been on dialysis for more than 10 years. The percentage of patients who received PEIT again was 35.0%. The percentage of patients who had been on hemodialysis for more than 10 years and received PEIT again was more than 50%.
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PMID:An overview of regular dialysis treatment in Japan (as of 31 December 2004). 1719 80

This prospective study was undertaken to study the spectrum of renal failure and the outcome in elderly patients. Patients included in the study group were elderly (age>60 years) who either attended outpatient renal clinic and or were hospitalized. Renal failure was classified as acute renal failure (ARF), rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF) and chronic renal failure (CRF). A total of 4255 elderly patients were seen, of these 236 (5.5%) had renal failure. Mean age was 65.1+/-4.2 years (60-86 years). CRF was the commonest, seen in 137 (58.1%) followed by ARF 69 (29.2%) and RPRF in 30 (12.7%) patients. Diabetic nephropathy was the commonest cause of CRF, seen in 58.4% followed by chronic interstitial nephritis in 9.5% and chronic glomerulonephritis in 8.7% of patients. Of 137 patients 53 (38.7%) presented in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Of these 41 (77.3%) were initiated on maintenance hemodialysis and 12 (22.6%) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Only 15 patients were on dialytic support at the end of 1 year. Sepsis contributed to ARF in 75.4% of cases. Forty of 69 patients (57.9%) needed dialytic support. Forty (57.9%) were critically ill, defined as presence of two or more organ system failures (excluding renal failure). Forty two patients (60.9%) died patients. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) was the commonest cause of RPRF seen in 10 (33.3%) patients followed by vasculitis in 7 (23.3%). Myeloma cast nephropathy contributed towards RPRF in 20% of patients. Of 30 patients, 10 (33.3%) reached ESRD at end of 3 months of follow up, 4 (13.3%) died due to sepsis. Only 2 showed complete recovery while 14 (46.6%) had partial improvement. AIN patients had a relatively better outcome.
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PMID:Spectrum of renal failure in elderly patients. 1724 50

We conducted this study to determine the achievements of the current practice guidelines in the management of anemia in the Arabian Gulf Countries. The survey was designed as a retrospective, one day screening of adult patients with end-stage renal disease in six Arabian Gulf countries including Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Qatar. Data were collected on patients undergoing chronic dialysis. For random patient sampling, each participating center drew up an alphabetical list of all hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients which were 18 years or older and selected every fourth patient on the list. A total of 563 patients from 18 centers were included in the survey. The most common cause of end-stage renal failure was diabetic nephropathy, closely followed by chronic glomerulonephritis. The majority of patients were treated by HD, with only 20% receiving PD. The mean (+/-SD) hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration was 115 +/- 15 g/L (median, 115 g/L; range, 61-159 g/L). The Hgb concentration was > or = 110 g/L in 28%, > or = 120 g/L in 38% and < 100 g/L in 16%. Information on their iron status was available for 97% of patients, ferritin levels were available for 97% and TSAT values for 67% were available. The mean serum ferritin concentration for the study patients was 503 +/- 406 ng/ml (median, 390 ng/ml; range, 20.0-2960 ng/ml); 90.5% had a serum ferritin concentration > 100 ng/ml. We conclude that the results of our study demonstrate anemia management in the Gulf countries which is comparable to the European Survey on Anemia Management 2003 (ESAM 2003). However, many patients still have not reached the current recommendation of anemia management.
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PMID:The Gulf Survey on Anemia Management (GSAM 2005). 1749 96

The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in hemodialysis service, main demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients in Lithuania during 1996-2005, and their correlation with the number of recipients on the kidney waiting list. During the study period, we annually visited all hemodialysis centers in Lithuania and collected data about all hemodialysis patients. There was a sharp increase in the number of hemodialysis centers (from 17 to 43), hemodialysis stations (from 25 to 100 per million population, P<0.001), hemodialysis patients (from 60 to 312 per million population, P<0.001), and new hemodialysis patients (from 54.3 to 95 per million population, P<0.01). The mean age of hemodialysis patients increased from 47.2+/-16.1 years in 1996 to 58.8+/-15.6 years in 2005 (P<0.001). Hemodialysis population became older. The percentage of patients aged more than 60 years increased from 22.8% to 53.2% (P<0.001) and aged more than 70 years from 5.4% to 24.4% (P<0.001). The frequency of chronic glomerulonephritis as underlying disease of end-stage renal disease decreased from 54.5% in 1996 to 21.1% in 2005 (P<0.001). There was an increase in the percentage of patients in whom end-stage renal disease was caused by diabetic (from 7.1% to 19.2%, P<0.01) and hypertensive nephropathies (from 3.1% to 13.9%, P<0.05) and chronic pyelonephritis (from 11.2% to 17.9%, P<0.01). The percentage of recipients on the kidney waiting list decreased from 71.4% in 1996 to 21.1% in 2005. In summary, during the last 9 years, hemodialysis service in Lithuania significantly expanded. The number of hemodialysis patients was continuously rising with predominance of diabetic, hypertensive, and elderly patients. Diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, and pyelonephritis were the main underlying diseases of end-stage renal disease in hemodialysis patients in 2005. The percentage of recipients on the kidney waiting list decreased probably because of the rise in the number of elderly patients and patients with diabetes mellitus in Lithuanian hemodialysis population.
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PMID:[Parallels in development of hemodialysis service and kidney transplantations in Lithuania during 1996-2005]. 1755 Dec 88

Since its experimental introduction in 1960, hemodialysis has become a widely performed and relatively safe procedure. Therapeutic strategies have been developed, and the numbers of long-term survivors of hemodialysis therapy have been increasing. Hemodialysis therapy was introduced at Sangenjaya Hospital in October 1970, and the 16 patients who have survived for more than 30 years on hemodialysis therapy since its introduction at the hospital were enrolled in this study to investigate the characteristics of long-term hemodialysis patients. For comparison, 50 patients on hemodialysis for less than 30 years were also studied (21 patients with <10 years hemodialysis, 13 with 10-20 years hemodialysis and 16 with 20-30 years hemodialysis). Background information (age, gender, and cause of renal disease), dialysis dose (single pool [sp.] Kt/V), mineral metabolism (serum phosphate), anemia management (serum hemoglobin), and nutrition (serum albumin and reduced interdialytic weight gain) were assessed. Hemodialysis was instituted at 28.7 +/- 6.4 years of age. The primary cause of end-stage renal disease was chronic glomerulonephritis in all of the patients except one, and in that patient it was polycystic kidney disease. As an index of the dialysis dose, sp. Kt/V was 1.2 +/- 0.11. As an index of mineral metabolism, serum phosphate was 5.4 +/- 0.9 mg/dL. As an index of anemia management, serum hemoglobin was 10.2 +/- 1.2 g/dL. As indexes of nutrition, serum albumin was 4.0 +/- 0.2 g/dL and interdialytic weight gain was 4.43 +/- 1.36%. The sp. Kt/V-value, serum phosphate, serum hemoglobin and interdialytic weight gain did not differ between the four different hemodialysis duration groups. Serum albumin was lower in the >30 group (4.0 +/- 0.2 g/dL) than in the <10 group (4.2 +/- 0.3 g/dL) (P = 0.046). As the duration of hemodialysis has increased, the age at hemodialysis induction has become younger. The cause of the renal failure was chronic glomerulonephritis in most of the cases. None had diabetic nephropathy. Improvement of the prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy is required. Most of the indexes of these patients nearly satisfied the recommended values.
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PMID:Characteristics of patients on hemodialysis therapy for more than 30 years. 1766 33

The treatment according to the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guidelines was performed in 189 patients on maintenance dialysis in our clinic. The mean age of the patients was 64.9 years and the mean dialysis period was 6.3 years. The underlying disease was diabetic nephropathy in 40.7% of the patients, chronic glomerulonephritis in 30.2%, and nephrosclerosis in 13.8%. In May 2006 before the use of JSDT guidelines, patients with phosphorus and calcium concentrations in the control goal range were most frequently observed (69.8%), followed in order by those with a high concentration of phosphorus alone (13.8%), those with a low concentration of phosphorus alone (2.6%), those with a high concentration of calcium alone (10.1%), those with high concentration of both phosphorus and calcium (3.7%). Treatment according to JSDT guidelines was performed for 6 months in these patients. In January 2007, the group with both phosphorus and calcium concentrations in the goal range accounted for 82.2%, showing improvement. The intact PTH concentration in patients with normal phosphorus and calcium concentration was in the reference range (60-180 pg/ml) in about 50% of the patients, high (>180 pg/ml) in 35%, low (<60 pg/ml) in 10% during the study periods. The intact PTH concentration was often about 40 pg/ml in patients with a concentration <60 pg/ml, 120 pg/ml in those with a concentration of 60-180 pg/ml, and 200-250 pg/ml in those with a concentration >180 pg/ml. The concentration of NTx was significantly higher in the patients with an intact PTH concentration >180 pg/ml than in those with a concentration of <60 pg/ml or those with a concentration of 60-180 pg/ml and significantly increased with time.
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PMID:Attainment of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guidelines for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic hemodialysis patients in our clinic. 1797 86

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world-wide public health problem, the causes of which differ in children from that reported in adult patients. There is an increased incidence of congenital and hereditary diseases causing chronic renal failure in the pediatric age-group and virtually no diabetic nephropathy. To determine the major causes, clinical expression, course, and outcomes of CKD in Syrian children we conducted a prospective study from February 2002 to February 2003 in the pediatric nephrology department at the Kidney Hospital in Damascus, Syria. Fifty-five patients with varying degrees of renal impairment were involved in the analysis. A total of 31 children (56%) had obstructive nephropathy (ON) as the cause of chronic renal insufficiency and 24 children (44%) had non-obstructive nephropathy (Non-ON). Neurogenic bladder was the commonest cause of ON, seen in 15 patients (27%), nephrolithiasis was seen in 10 patients (18%), urethral stenosis in three (5%), Uretro-Pelvie Junction (UPJ) stenosis in two (3%), and posterior urethral valves in one case (2%). Chronic glomerulonephritis and renal hypoplasia were the commonest causes of non-ON seen in six patients each (11%). Reflux nephropathy was seen in four patients (7%), hereditary nephritis in three (5%), polycystic kidney, nephrocalcinosis and Prune Belly syndrome in one case each (2%), and the cause was unknown in two patients (3%). The study is still ongoing and will be reviewed after two years with a bigger sample and possibly more reliable results.
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PMID:The major causes of chronic renal insufficiency in Syrian children: a one-year, single-center experience. 1820 63

Diabetes is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the developed countries and its prevalence and incidence have been constantly increasing over the years. To determine the prevalence and profile of diabetic nephropathy in our ESRD population, we retrospectively studied 564 hemodialysis patients in ten dialysis units in Casablanca. The mean age was 49 +/-16.2 years. The diabetic nephropathy came at the third rank with a prevalence of 13.5% behind chronic glomerulonephritis (21.8%) and hypertensive nephropathy (14.7%). Almost 74% of our diabetics were type 2. From the time of diagnosis the type 2 diabetics reached the ESRD earlier than the type 1 diabetics with a mean period of 15.1 +/- 7 years and 18.8 +/- 5 years, respectively; however, the difference was not statistically significant. There was at least another microangiopathic complication in 95.4% of the patients and macroangiopathic complication in 82%. The median hemoglobin A1C in all patients was higher than normal value. We conclude that ESRD is a serious complication of diabetes, which is constantly increasing. The appropriate management of diabetes and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to avoid it or at least delay its occurrence.
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PMID:Diabetic nephropathy in hemodialysis patients in casablanca. 1820 64

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) may play an important role not only in host defense reactions but also in local inflammations, especially in atherosclerotic diseases such as hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN). Paradoxically, MPO-deficient mice have been reported to show increased atherosclerosis compared with wild mice, although higher MPO levels are thought to exacerbate atherosclerotic disease. To clarify the genetic role of MPO in HN, we examined the function and distribution of the -463G/A polymorphism located in the promoter region of the MPO gene with ex vivo flow cytometry analysis and a study in end-stage renal disease patients, respectively. This polymorphism has been reported to have a functional significance in vitro, with the A allele being associated with lower MPO expression. In the present study, we also found significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with peripheral neutrophils isolated from subjects with the GG genotype compared with those from subjects with other genotypes by flow cytometry assay with 2-[6-(4'-amino) phenoxy-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl] benzoic acid (APF), which shows higher sensitivity with hypochlorite (OCl(-)). Genotyping the -463G/A polymorphism in HN, chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and diabetic nephropathy (DM) patients who were under hemodialysis treatment demonstrated that the GG genotype was more frequent in the HN group than in the CGN and DM groups. However, the distribution of the GG genotype in the HN group was similar to that in healthy individuals. Although the -463G/A polymorphism is associated with ROS production, careful interpretation may be required to conclude that the -463G/A polymorphism can serve as a useful marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in dialysis patients.
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PMID:Functional polymorphism of the myeloperoxidase gene in hypertensive nephrosclerosis dialysis patients. 1834 24

Diabetic nephropathy is the most frequent cause of terminal renal failure in the Czech Republic today. Diabetic patients should be screened for diabetic kidney disease on an annual basis, starting 5 years after diabetes was diagnosed in type 1 diabetes patients and immediately after diagnosis in type 2 diabetes patients. The screening includes determining the albumin/creatinine ratio from a urine sample, and of serum creatinine, and the calculation ofglomerular filtration rate. In patients in whom microalbuminuria and/or proteinuria were found, measures should be taken to reduce cardiovascular risk and to slow down the progression of renal disease. In diabetic patients with abnormal urine test results detailed nephrology examination is necessary to exclude other renal diseases than diabetic nephropathy, especially chronic glomerulonephritis and ischaemic nephropathy.
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PMID:[Examination of the kidneys in a diabetic patient]. 1863 Jun 35


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