Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011881 (diabetic nephropathy)
 10,836 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentration of laminin P1 fragment was determined in various histologically proven renal diseases by a competitive radioimmunoassay directed against the pepsin-resistant fragment P1. The serum laminin P1 fragment level of healthy subjects (n = 71) was 1.35 +/- 0.19 U/ml. Serum levels of laminin P1 fragment in patients with minimal change nephrosis in the remission phase and those with IgA nephropathy showed no significant difference when compared with healthy controls. However, patients with minimal change nephrosis in the nephrotic phase, membranous glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis and renal cell carcinoma showed significantly higher levels (P less than 0.01) of serum laminin P1 fragment. No correlation was observed between serum laminin P1 fragment level and creatinine clearance. These results suggest that changes in serum laminin P1 fragment level could be used to indicate alterations in glomerular basement membrane metabolism in renal disease.
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PMID:Serum laminin P1 fragment concentration in renal diseases. 202 84

Ultrasonograms of 546 kidneys were obtained in 280 patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Dialysed kidneys could be detected in 529 of the 546 kidneys (96.9%) by ultrasonic examination. The ultrasonic diagnoses on dialysed kidneys were contracted kidney in 313 kidneys (59.2%) and acquired cystic disease of the kidney in 107 kidneys (20.2%). Ultrasonic measurement of the size of kidney (length and thickness) revealed that the kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure were much smaller than normal ones. But the kidneys in patients undergoing dialysis for more than 8 years gradually increased in size with incidence of acquired renal cysts. The kidneys in patients with diabetic nephropathy were greater in length and thickness than those with chronic glomerulonephritis. Sonographic features of dialysed kidneys were unclear renal imaging, unidentified central echoes, cortico-medulla + border and increased parenchymal echogenicity. Irregularity of the renal contour had a tendency to increase in number with incidence of cysts in long-term dialysis patients. The ultrasonograms of the kidneys with diabetic nephropathy showed fewer changes than normal ones. No major complication of the kidney was detected in the present study. However, two retroperitoneal hematomas and one renal cell carcinoma developed within two years after this examination. We believe that regular screening of the kidneys by ultrasonic examination is mandatory in patients on chronic dialysis for early diagnosis and treatment of these complications.
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PMID:[Ultrasonographic study on kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure. Part I. Ultrasonic measurement of renal size and analysis of renal ultrasonotomograms]. 223 8

Ultrasonic examination of the kidney was performed on 280 patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) was detected in 107 of 529 kidneys (20.2%). This paper presents an analysis of ultrasonotomograms of ACDK. Ultrasonic measurement of the size of ACDK was 72.5 +/- 15.2 mm in length and 41.7 +/- 9.8 mm in thickness. The size of ACDK was significantly greater than that of contracted kidneys by ultrasonographic diagnosis. With regard to sex distinction the length and thickness of ACDK were significantly greater in males than in females. As for laboratory data, patients with ACDK showed significantly higher values of red blood cell count, hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration compared with contracted kidneys. Prolongation of the dialysis peirod increased the incidence of ACDK. The size of ACDK showed a tendency to increase with duration of dialysis. However, no correlation was noted statistically between the incidence of ACDK and duration of dialysis and between the size of ACDK and duration of dialysis. There was a significantly lower incidence of ACDK in patients with diabetic nephropathy than those with chronic glomerulonephritis. A sonographic feature of ACDK is irregularity of the renal contour because of cystic transformation. Renal imaging, identification of the corticomedullary border, identification of the central echoes and increased parenchymal echogenicity were similar to other dialyzed kidneys. The main complications of ACDK are hemorrhage and tumor formation. We observed two retroperitoneal hematomas and one renal cell carcinoma developed within two years after this examination. The incidence of complications of ACDK was 5.1 per cent. We believe that patients with ACDK should be watched carefully by regular ultrasonic examination for early diagnosis and treatment of these complications.
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PMID:[Ultrasonographic study on kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure. Part II. Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys]. 223 9

We report a case of renal cell carcinoma on maintenance dialysis for chronic renal failure. A 61-year-old male, treated for diabetes mellitus for 20 years, developed diabetic nephropathy and has been put on maintained hemodialysis during the past 2 years. He complained of asymptomatic hematuria. Computed tomographic scan and renal angiography suggested the presence of a malignant neoplasm in his right kidney. He underwent right nephrectomy, and hemodialysis was resumed on the 4th day post operation. Pathologic examination revealed renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type, together with hyalinized glomeruli, where an acquired cystic change was not detected.
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PMID:[A case of renal cell carcinoma on chronic hemodialysis]. 281 3

Sonograms in 205 patients undergoing dialysis were obtained to evaluate renal features according to duration of treatment. Both length and parenchymal thickness had gradually decreased in kidneys treated for less than 3 years. After the 3rd year of treatment, an apparent increase in the incidence of cysts was seen. Forty-three cases of acquired cystic disease, including 1 case with renal cell carcinoma, were detected. All kidneys had increased cortical echogenicity, with prominence first occurring after 7 years of dialysis. In patients undergoing dialysis for less than 3 years, those with diabetic nephropathy showed fewer changes from normal appearances than patients undergoing dialysis for treatment of glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:Sonographic evaluation of kidneys undergoing dialysis. 389 36

TGF-beta 1 is involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular sclerosis. We studied the intraglomerular expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in patients with glomerulonephritis using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method is sensitive enough to quantify cDNA copies of mRNA present in small amounts of samples. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 42 patients with various kinds of glomerulonephritis. Ten glomeruli were dissected from renal biopsy specimens. Normal glomeruli were also obtained from the resected kidneys of eight patients with renal cell cancer. Total RNA was extracted from the glomeruli and reverse transcribed into cDNA with reverse transcriptase. To prepare samples containing identical amounts of beta-actin cDNA (8 pg), we performed competitive PCR by co-amplifying mutant templates of beta-actin with a unique EcoRI site. Next, to measure TGF-beta 1 cDNA, we performed competitive PCR by co-amplifying mutant templates of TGF-beta 1. We observed a higher glomerular expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA in cases of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis having a moderate increase in mesangial matrix, diabetic nephropathy and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, compared with normal glomeruli. Results suggest that the intraglomerular synthesis of TGF-beta 1 may be involved in the progression of glomerulonephritis in humans.
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PMID:Intraglomerular expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) mRNA in patients with glomerulonephritis: quantitative analysis by competitive polymerase chain reaction. 805 Jan 82

The presence of immunoreactive endothelin (IR-ET) was studied by radioimmunoassay in human kidney with and without clinical renal failure, and the levels were compared with those of three natriuretic peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Kidney tissues were obtained at autopsy from three subjects with renal disorders (diabetic nephropathy, renal tubular necrosis, and end-stage kidney disease). Normal renal tissue was obtained at surgery from two patients with renal cell carcinoma. IR-ET was detected in three diseased kidneys obtained at autopsy (0.101 +/- 0.043 pmol/g wet weight, mean +/- SD) but not in tissues of two normal kidneys obtained at surgery (< 0.015 pmol/g wet weight). Reverse-phase HPLC showed that most of the IR-ET in the kidney (> 90%) was eluted in the position of ET-1. IR-ANP (0.23 +/- 0.06 pmol/g wet weight), IR-BNP (1.15 +/- 0.94 pmol/g wet weight), and IR-CNP (0.44 +/- 0.16 pmol/g wet weight) were detected in all samples examined. Higher concentrations of IR-BNP were found in three diseased kidneys obtained at autopsy (1.70 +/- 0.83 pmol/g wet weight vs. mean in two normal kidney tissues, 0.32 pmol/g wet weight). Such increases were not observed in IR-ANP or IR-CNP. These findings indicate that IR-ET is present in the human diseased kidney even in end-stage disease, with high concentrations comparable to those of natriuretic peptides. This raises the possibility that the production of ET-1 and BNP is increased in kidneys of patients with renal disorders.
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PMID:Immunoreactive endothelin in the human kidney: comparison with natriuretic peptides. 858 63

A case of erythrocytosis caused by gastric cancer that produced erythropoietin is described. To the authors' knowledge, no case of erythropoietin-producing gastric cancer has been reported until now. A 73-year-old man with a 4-year history of maintenance hemodialysis for diabetic nephropathy required phlebotomy. Serum erythropoietin level was 181 mU/mL (181 IU/L). Gastroscopy results showed rough mucosa with hemorrhaging caused by gastric cancer. The patient underwent distal gastrectomy, and serum erythropoietin level decreased to 27.1 mU/mL (27.1 IU/L) by postoperative day 8. Existence of erythropoietin in the tumor tissue was confirmed immunohistochemically. The presence of severe acquired cystic disease of the kidney, renal cell carcinoma, and other malignant tumors should be investigated in hemodialysis patients displaying erythrocytosis.
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PMID:EPO-producing gastric carcinoma in a hemodialysis patient. 1283 Apr 87

Drug-related patents with relevance to renal therapy that were published during the first half of 2003 were identified by searching Current Drugs' Patent fast-alert, evaluated for their relevance, and the most potentially significant of these documents are discussed in this review. Of the 19 documents that are analyzed in depth in this review, two related to renal cell carcinoma, three each to diabetic nephropathy, renal failure and/or allograft preservation or fibrosis, and four to inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or dipeptidylpeptidase IV, while only two identified potentially novel drug targets for renal therapy. The low number of patents with direct and substantial relevance for renal therapies indicates that kidney diseases are receiving relatively little attention from drug developers, in spite of their substantial impact on public health.
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PMID:Renal therapeutics: patent highlights January to June 2003. 1458 47

The expression of aldose reductase is tightly regulated by the transcription factor tonicity response element binding protein (TonEBP/NFAT5) binding to three osmotic response elements (OREs; OREA, OREB, and OREC) in the gene. The aim was to investigate the contribution of NFAT5 to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the following subjects: 44 Caucasoid patients with type 1 diabetes, of whom 26 had nephropathy and 18 had no nephropathy after a diabetes duration of 20 years, and 13 normal healthy control subjects. In addition, human mesangial cells (HMCs) were isolated from the normal lobe of 10 kidneys following radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted from PBMCs and HMCs and cultured in either normal or high-glucose (31 mmol/l D-glucose) conditions for 5 days. NFAT5 binding activity was quantitated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays for each of the OREs. Western blotting was used to measure aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase protein levels. There were significant fold increases in DNA binding activities of NFAT5 to OREB (2.06 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.18, P = 0.033) and OREC (1.94 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.39 +/- 0.11, P = 0.024) in PBMCs from patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with diabetic control subjects cultured under high glucose. Aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase protein levels in the patients with diabetic nephropathy were significantly increased in PBMCs cultured in high-glucose conditions. In HMCs cultured under high glucose, there were significant increases in NFAT5 binding activities to OREA, OREB, and OREC by 1.38 +/- 0.22-, 1.84 +/- 0.44-, and 2.38 +/- 1.15-fold, respectively. Similar results were found in HMCs exposed to high glucose (aldose reductase 1.30 +/- 0.06-fold and sorbitol dehydrogenease 1.54 +/- 0.24-fold increases). Finally, the silencing of the NFAT5 gene in vitro reduced the expression of the aldose reductase gene. In conclusion, these results show that aldose reductase is upregulated by the transcriptional factor NFAT5 under high-glucose conditions in both PBMCs and HMCs.
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PMID:Elevated activity of transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) and diabetic nephropathy. 1664 4


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