Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two highly selenite sensitive cell lines with different growth rates were used to evaluate the effect of cell growth phase on selenite retention, selenite distribution, selenite inhibition of DNA synthesis and presence of selenoproteins. Autoradiography of log and confluent phase MOD cells revealed a uniform retention of selenite in log phase cells and a marked lack of uniformity of selenite retention in confluent phase cells. A higher total percentage of selenite was retained and covalently incorporated into proteins by confluent phase cells. Levels of the 58K selenoprotein, but not the 26K and 23K selenoproteins, were higher in confluent versus log phase cells. The results suggest that the 58K selenoprotein accumulated in cell populations where DNA synthesis was inhibited in contrast to cells actively undergoing cell proliferation. In addition, the 58K selenoprotein was the only major selenoprotein present in both log and confluent phase cells during and before inhibition of DNA synthesis. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of potential combination chemoprevention protocols in animal tumor experiments.
Cancer Lett 1988 Dec 15
PMID:Selenite distribution in log and confluent growth phase murine mammary epithelial cells. 320 41

Insulin resistance was assessed by Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) in 12 patients with FCPD, 10 with NIDDM and 12 age and sex matched control subjects. The mean BMI of the FCPD was lower than the NIDDM and control groups (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean fasting plasma glucose or HbA1 between the FCPD and NIDDM patients. The mean fasting C-peptide of the FCPD group was significantly lower than the NIDDM and control groups (P less than 0.001). The mean glucose disposal rate (KITT) was 5.57 +/- 2.28 in the control group, 2.15 +/- 2.00 in the FCPD and 1.77 +/- 0.91 in the NiDDM group (P less than 0.001, control vs FCPD and NIDDM). The difference in KITT between FCPD and NIDDM groups was not significant statistically. The data suggests that patients with FCPD have evidence of insulin resistance and this is similar to that seen in NIDDM patients.
Horm Metab Res 1988 Dec
PMID:Insulin resistance in Fibrocalculous (tropical) pancreatic diabetes. 322 Apr 51

In this study 148 type 1 diabetic patients (mean age: 33 years) and 100 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age: 57.3 years) were typed for BF subtypes by means of isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH range 5.0-8.0) according to Geserick. The frequencies of BF subtypes and the distribution patterns were compared with 584 blood donors. In type 1 diabetics the distribution pattern of BF phenotype frequencies differs significantly from the data of type 2 diabetics and controls. The difference is mainly due to the frequent occurrence of the rare alleles BFF1 and BFSO7. The frequency of the two alleles amounted to 0.0338 and 0.0270, respectively. The relative risk of carriers of the rare alleles BFF1 and BFSO7 was 5.3 and 6.6, respectively. The study demonstrates a marked association between the early onset of type 1 diabetes (less than 20 years of age) and the BFF1 allele. There is no relationship between the rare variants of alleles of the BF system and the occurrence of proliferative retinopathy. However, there was no association between the rare variants of alleles of the BF system and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In summary, the study add further support for genetic heterogeneity of the BF system in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Exp Clin Endocrinol 1988 Dec
PMID:Distribution of subtypes of the BF system in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. 324 36

Recent studies indicate that serum levels of osteocalcin, a 49-aminoacid bone matrix protein, are a biochemical marker of bone formation. In order to study bone metabolism in diabetes mellitus, in 28 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, in 38 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and two control groups, matched for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients, respectively, serum levels of osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxy vitamin D were measured by radioimmunoassay. Whereas in Type 1 diabetic patients and control subjects serum levels of osteocalcin and 25 hydroxy vitamin D were not statistically different, serum osteocalcin and 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels were significantly decreased in Type 2 diabetic patients when compared with corresponding control subjects (p less than 0.03 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Independent of the type of diabetes, serum parathyroid hormone levels were comparable in diabetic patients and matched control subjects. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in Type 1 diabetic patients with retinopathy and/or proteinuria than in Type 1 diabetic patients without microangiopathy (p less than 0.05). Whereas serum parathyroid hormone levels in Type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy and/or proteinuria were significantly increased (p less than 0.02), 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels were decreased (p less than 0.02) when compared with Type 2 diabetic patients without microangiopathy. Our data give evidence of a vitamin D deficiency and a decreased bone formation in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Type 1 diabetes mellitus bone formation as reflected by serum osteocalcin levels is influenced by the presence or absence of microangiopathic complications.
Diabetologia 1988 Dec
PMID:Serum osteocalcin levels in diabetes mellitus: analysis of the type of diabetes and microvascular complications. 326 86

Deposition of amyloid in pancreatic islets is a common feature in human type 2 diabetic subjects but because of its insolubility and low tissue concentrations, the structure of its monomer has not been determined. We describe a peptide, of calculated molecular mass 3905 Da, that was a major protein component of amyloid-rich pancreatic extracts of three type 2 diabetic patients. After collagenase treatment, an extract containing 20-50% amyloid was solubilized by sonication into 70% formic acid and the peptide was purified by gel filtration followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We term this peptide diabetes-associated peptide, as it was not detected in extracts of pancreas from any of six normal subjects. Diabetes-associated peptide contains 37 amino acids and is 46% identical to the sequences of rat and human calcitonin gene-related peptide, indicating that these peptides are related in evolution. Sequence identities with conserved residues of the insulin A chain were also seen in a 16-residue segment. On extraction, the islet amyloid is particulate and insoluble like the core particles of Alzheimer disease. Their monomers have similar molecular masses, each having a hydropathic region that can probably form beta-pleated sheets. The accumulation of amyloid, including diabetes-associated peptide, in islets may impair islet function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987 Dec
PMID:Purification and characterization of a peptide from amyloid-rich pancreases of type 2 diabetic patients. 331 17

Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine were investigated in depression-model rats produced by long-term forced running stress. Changes in the spontaneous running activity and the concentration and turnover of catecholamine were examined in non-stressed rats injected with saline and depression-model rats injected with saline, imipramine and MOD-20 (a candidate for a tetracyclic antidepressant). Running activity was significantly restored by injection of imipramine and MOD-20. In depression-model rats, the concentrations of central catecholamine increased in the cell bodies and nerve terminals of the ascending noradrenaline system, and turnover rates of the catecholamine decreased in the terminal region. The increased concentrations were returned to the non-stressed level after injection of the drugs. However, decreased turnover rates were not recovered after the injection. These results suggested that MOD-20 was a potent antidepressant and the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants might be due to the restoration of catecholamine concentrations.
Yakubutsu Seishin Kodo 1987 Dec
PMID:Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine of depression-model rats. 345 75

When opposing teeth with amalgam and gold restoration are in contact, current flows in the mouth at the instant the dissimilar metals touch. In this study, this condition was simulated by use of resistors and extracted human teeth with amalgam and MOD gold inlay restorations. When both teeth were in contact in a physiological saline solution, we measured current and electrical potential generated in each pulp chamber. Galvanic current generated in the tooth with amalgam was always larger (as much as 18.2 times at the instant of contact) than that in the tooth with gold. Electrical potential generated in the tooth with amalgam was always larger (as much as 9.7 times at the instant of contact) than that in the tooth with gold. It should be emphasized that the larger current generated in the tooth with amalgam was caused mainly by its larger electrical potential. These results correspond well with the clinical phenomenon of galvanic pain, which occurs in the tooth with amalgam rather than in the tooth with gold.
J Dent Res 1986 Dec
PMID:A measurement of galvanic current and electrical potential in extracted human teeth. 346 73

C-peptide was determined in seventy-one patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) before and after a standard 500-calorie breakfast. Whereas in the normal-weight and obese controls the fasting C-peptide was 1.7-2.2 and postprandial maximum 6.0-6.6 ng/ml, in NIDDM the fasting level was only 2.4 +/- 1.5 ng/ml in spite of hyperglycemia of 234 mg/dl, and increased after breakfast to only 3.9 +/- 1.9 ng/ml. Fasting and postprandial levels of C-peptide correlated among themselves but did not correlate with age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, fasting or postprandial glycemia or--in the insulin-treated group--with the dose or duration of the treatment. There was no difference in glycemia between the subgroups of patients with the fasting C-peptide 5.9 +/- 1.7 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 ng/ml. No differences in any parameter were found between patients treated with insulin and with sulphonylureas.
Diabete Metab 1986 Dec
PMID:Control of non-insulin dependent diabetes is not correlated with endogenous insulin secretion. 354 32

The prevalence of diabetic complications is reported from a cross-sectional study of rural diabetic subjects in Western Australia. Logistic-regression analysis has been used to discover potential risk factors associated with each complication. A distinction has been made between time-related variables (age, age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes) and other risk variables. We have attempted to identify the major time-related risk variables for each complication and then examined the effect of other risk variables after accounting for the major time-related variables. The important time-related variables were found to be duration of diabetes for retinopathy, age for macrovascular disease, duration and age at diagnosis of diabetes for sensory neuropathy, and age for renal impairment. When matched on these important time-related variables, the overall prevalences of complications for insulin-dependent (IDDM) compared with non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients were essentially the same. An exception is renal impairment, for which IDDM patients had a higher prevalence than did NIDDM patients of the same age. After allowing for time-related variables, the analysis also demonstrates positive independent associations between diabetic control (glycosylated hemoglobin) and retinopathy and between diabetic control and macrovascular disease. Plasma cholesterol (positively) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (negatively) were related independently to both macrovascular disease and renal impairment. Very few differences in the risk-factor profiles for complications were found for IDDM compared with NIDDM patients after allowing for time-related variables.
Diabetes 1986 Dec
PMID:Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors. 377 Mar 11

To test whether metformin treatment might improve peripheral insulin sensitivity in non insulin dependent diabetes, we measured peripheral glucose uptake in 12 non insulin dependent diabetics before (A) and after 4 weeks (B) of metformin therapy (2 X 850 mg/day) by the hyperinsulinemic clamp technique (80 mU/m2/min). In addition, insulin binding to monocytes was compared between A and B. Diabetic control, evaluated by measurement of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, was significantly improved by metformin treatment (P less than 0.01). Insulin binding to monocytes was not significantly influenced by metformin (A-4.53% vs. B-5.12%, n.s. at insulin tracer concentration). Peripheral glucose utilisation improved slightly, but significantly after 4 weeks of metformin therapy (A: 4.4 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/min, B: 5.4 +/- 0.8 mg/kg/min, p less than 0.01). Improvement in peripheral glucose utilisation correlated significantly with improved metabolic control, estimated by fasting blood glucose measurements (p less than 0.01).
Diabete Metab 1986 Dec
PMID:Effect of metformin on peripheral insulin sensitivity in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 381 57


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