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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 14%, simple random sample of the King Saud University Community consisting of students, faculty and staff was screened for diabetes mellitus. The screening procedures used consisted of urine testing by means of the urine dipstick and blood glucose estimation in the fasting state by means of the reflomat glucose, a glucose oxidase meter. Participants whose fasting blood glucose (FBG) were 140 mg/dl or more were referred to the diabetes clinic for further evaluation and possible inclusion into the subsequent retrospective study. A period prevalence of 6.0% was observed for FBG greater than 140 mg/dl and all the referrals were confirmed for adult onset diabetes mellitus. The prevalence was similar to that in the USA and suggested that the rapid socio-economic changes in Saudi Arabia made a minimal contribution to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
J R Soc Health 1990 Dec
PMID:Epidemiologic studies of diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia--Part I--Screening of 3158 males in King Saud University. 212 87

Twenty non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas were given combined insulin-glibenclamide therapy. After discharge they were followed for the following 12 months at different primary care centres. In the 19 patients who completed the combined therapy, the mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level decreased from 11.2 +/- 0.5% to 9.1 +/- 0.3% at 2 months (p less than 0.001), and remained at 9.1 +/- 0.4% at 12 months. The reduction of HbA1c was positively correlated with the HbA1c value and inversely with the initial body weight (both p less than 0.05). There was a slight rise in the body mass index (BMI) from 26.9 +/- 0.9 to 28.2 +/- 0.7 at 12 months (p less than 0.001), which was inversely correlated with the BMI value at 0 month (p less than 0.05). The insulin doses were similar at 2 and 12 months. A review of the literature since 1985 identified ten double-blind, controlled studies on combined insulin-sulphonylurea therapy, comprising 156 NIDDM patients followed for 8-52 weeks. Improved glycaemic control and endogenous insulin secretion were documented in nine of these studies in parallel with a decrease of insulin requirement in six studies. We conclude from our own experience and the literature that combined insulin-glibenclamide therapy is an efficient and compliant therapeutic regimen.
Scand J Prim Health Care 1990 Dec
PMID:Combined insulin-glibenclamide therapy of NIDDM patients in primary health care. A follow-up study of its compliance and efficacy and a review of the literature. 212 39

Asbestos liners for investment metal casting has frequently been used in dental laboratory work. In recent years, the dangerous properties of asbestos to the human body were reported in Europe and the United States, and casting liners without asbestos were developed and marketed by many manufacturers. These are so-called non-asbestos liners. This study evaluated the adaptability of MOD inlay castings to dies using 8 kinds of commercial non-asbestos liners of ADA standard No. 2 specifications. The results were as follows; Single and double layers of Casting ribbon, New Asbestos Ribon, Shofu experimental, and KAOLIN showed good adaptation. Shofu experimental with a single layer showed the best marginal adaptation (10 microns). OVAL LINERS and CASTING LINERS with single layer showed good adaptation, but with double layers the adaptation was poor. In FLASK LINER, the double layer showed better adaptation than that with a single layer. Most non-asbestos liners used in this study are adequate in useful to MOD inlay castings.
Higashi Nihon Shigaku Zasshi 1990 Dec
PMID:[A study for non-asbestos casting liners. An experimental study of the adaptability of MOD casting to die]. 213 Dec 96

Increased levels of lipid peroxides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. A convenient and sensitive method for estimation of lipid peroxide concentration is the quantitative estimation of their metabolic end-product malonyldialdehyde (MDA) expressed in mumol/L using the thiobarbituric acid test. The mean fasting MDA value in the plasma of 26 Arab subjects with NIDDM was significantly higher than in healthy controls (14.3 +/- 8.3 vs 2.3 +/- 3.4, p less than 0.001). Within a group of nine diabetic patients with markedly elevated MDA values (greater than 20 mumol/L), eight subjects had retinal changes, four had evidence of coronary artery disease and three had manifest cerebrovascular disease. Macroproteinuria was documented in only three patients in this same group. The mean body mass index was 28.7 +/- 5.4 and the glycaemic control was unsatisfactory with a mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 10.1 +/- 1.5%. The MDA results in an Arabic population were similar to reports in Japanese and British patients and should prove useful as a laboratory test in assessing the severity of the diabetic state, as well as a complementary test in diagnosis and management.
Diabetes Res 1990 Dec
PMID:Thiobarbituric acid test as a measure of lipid peroxidation in Arab patients with NIDDM. 213 5

P-30, a light-cured radioopaque hybrid composite was developed as a successor to the well known chemically cured P-10 for use as posterior composite. With the help of a computerized measuring method the occlusal wear of occlusally loaded conventional P-30 MOD restorations was analyzed after 6, 12, 18 and 30 months of clinical service. Simultaneously the wear patterns in occlusal contact areas and in contact-free areas were evaluated using the SEM. In addition, marginal adaptation immediately after the placement of the restorations and at all recall intervals was quantitated in the SEM. The long-term results indicated that P-30 was not suitable for use in unetched conventional posterior cavities.
Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1990 Dec
PMID:[P-30: in vivo study of a posterior composite during 2.5 years]. 213 69

Pure titanium was cast into five different phosphate-bonded SiO2 investment mold materials (at 350 degrees C) with an argon-arc melting and pressure casting machine. The mesh castability, the fit of the MOD inlay castings, and the Knoop hardness and the micro-structure in cross-sections of castings were examined. The setting and thermal expansion, the compressive strength, and the X-ray diffraction analysis of the investments were also measured. The castability, the fit, and the thickness of the reacted layer differed in degree among these investments, in spite of the same phosphate-bonded SiO2-type investment. A significant correlation was obtained between the thermal expansion (at 350 degrees C) and the casting accuracy.
J Dent Res 1990 Dec
PMID:Casting pure titanium into commercial phosphate-bonded SiO2 investment molds. 217 47

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is attributed to a failure of pancreatic beta cells to maintain insulin secretion at a level sufficient to compensate for underlying insulin resistance. In the ZDF rat, a model of NIDDM that closely resembles the human syndrome, we have previously reported profound underexpression of GLUT-2, the high-Km facilitative glucose transporter expressed by beta cells of normal animals. Here we report that islets of diabetic rats exhibit a marked decrease in the volume of GLUT-2-positive beta cells and a reduction at the electron-microscopic level in the number of GLUT-2-immunoreactive sites per unit of beta-cell plasma membrane. The deficiency of GLUT-2 cannot be induced in normal beta cells by in vivo or in vitro exposure to high levels of glucose nor can it be prevented in beta cells of prediabetic ZDF rats by elimination of hyperglycemia. We conclude that this dearth of immunodetectable GLUT-2 in NIDDM is not secondary to hyperglycemia and therefore that it may well play a causal role in the development of hyperglycemia.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Dec
PMID:Evidence that down-regulation of beta-cell glucose transporters in non-insulin-dependent diabetes may be the cause of diabetic hyperglycemia. 226 45

The following is a study of the general diabetes-related attitudes of 1202 patients with diabetes in Michigan. The instrument used to measure attitudes was a revised version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS) designed to measure the attitudes of health care professionals. A factor analysis of the revised DAS yielded seven diabetes attitude factors. These factors represented patients' attitude toward: (1) the need for special training in order to provide diabetes care; (2) patient compliance; (3) the seriousness of noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM); (4) the relationship between blood glucose levels and complications; (5) the impact of diabetes on the patient's life; (6) patient autonomy; (7) team care. Overall, the respondents to this survey displayed attitudes consistent with the current recommendations of health care professionals in the field of diabetes. The revised DAS is an instrument that can be used to measure and compare the attitudes of both health care professionals and patients on a variety of diabetes-related issues.
Patient Educ Couns 1990 Dec
PMID:Measuring the attitudes of patients towards diabetes and its treatment. 229 Jul 78

The term Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) has replaced the term Subclinical Diabetes (SD). It corresponds to a grey zone between normal glucose tolerance (GT) and diabetic glucose intolerance which by definition can be determined only by an oral glucose tolerance test. Pathogenetically, and impaired glucose tolerance constitutes a risk factor for the formation of atherosclerosis and in about 30% of cases represents a pre-stage of diabetes mellitus. No mortality statistics are as yet available for insureds with impaired glucose tolerance. We may, however, assume with good reason that their relative mortality lies between the comparable values of insureds with normal glucose tolerance and those with type 2 diabetes. The relative mortality of type 2 diabetes is calculated on the basis of the American Medical Impairment Study 1983 and the Swiss Re study on diabetes mellitus and the relative mortality of insureds with impaired glucose tolerance is then determined on that basis. Finally, a possible course of action for the risk assessment of applicants with impaired glucose tolerance is proposed and the expected extra mortality rates are given.
Versicherungsmedizin 1990 Dec 01
PMID:[Life expectancy and risk assessment in decreased glucose tolerance (subclinical diabetes)]. 229 Dec 66

By continuous and simultaneous recording of nocturnal penile rigidity and circumferential expansion (tumescence), nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence have been classified into 6 patterns: normal, dissociation, uncoupling, short episode, low amplitude and flat trace. The monitoring will be helpful to diagnose underlying disorders involving erectile impotence, if the pattern of nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence are related with the disorders. This study analyzed the relationship between the pattern of nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence and associated disorders in 105 patients with erectile impotence. Of 15 patients with central nervous system disorders, 9 (60%) had a pattern of short episode of rigidity. In 29 patients with cardiovascular disorders, the patterns of dissociation, low amplitude and flat trace were the main findings and observed in 41, 41, 35% of the group, respectively. No patients with diabetes mellitus showed normal pattern. Although the group of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (21 patients) had various patterns of rigidity and tumescence, the insulin dependent group (14 patients) mainly showed patterns of low amplitude (21%) and/or flat trace (71%). The continuous and simultaneous monitoring of penile rigidity and tumescence will be helpful, with an integral analysis of its pattern and other examinations, for accurate diagnosis of underlying disorders of organic impotence, besides for differentiation of organic impotence from psychogenic one.
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1990 Dec
PMID:[Analysis of nocturnal penile tumescence with continuous monitoring of penile rigidity]. 229 23


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