Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Drug
Enzyme
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (
type 2 diabetes
)
57,723
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Aspartoacylase (ASPA) hydrolyzes
N-acetylaspartic acid
(
NAA
) into aspartate and acetate. Normal hydrolysis of
NAA
is important to maintain healthy neurons. Since enteric neuropathy is one of the events seen in diabetes, whether ASPA activity is affected in diabetic condition is not known. In order to investigate the possibility, ASPA activity was examined in the duodenum and brain of obesity induced diabetes model mouse. Aspartoacylase activity was high in the diabetic mouse duodenum compared to control duodenum. The same result was also observed by immunostaining of the mouse duodenum. The activity of ASPA was found to be elevated in the brain of diabetic mouse compared to the control brain. These data suggest that normal hydrolysis of
NAA
is affected by ASPA activity seen in the
type 2 diabetes
model mouse and this change is likely to contribute to neuropathy seen in diabetes, if documented also in patients with
type 2 diabetes
.
...
PMID:Upregulation of aspartoacylase activity in the duodenum of obesity induced diabetes mouse: implications on diabetic neuropathy. 1670 98
N-acetylaspartic acid
(
NAA
) is converted into aspartate and acetate by aspartoacylase. Abnormal levels of the enzyme leads to accumulation of
NAA
and these changes have been observed in Canavan disease and
type 2 diabetes
. How upregulation of
NAA
affect the gastrointestine protein levels and the function is not known. Incubation of rat stomach tissue with
NAA
1.5 mM, 1.5 microM and 1.5 nM induced inflammatory agents TNFalpha, p38MAPK, iNOS, PKC, COX2 and ICAM3; transcription factors phospho-NF-kBp65, cjun and cfos; contractile proteins MLCK and phospho MLC; and calcium channel alpha1C and calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 3 subunit compared to their respective control. Incubation of circular smooth muscle cells with the above doses of
NAA
induced contractility compared to the control. These studies suggest that
NAA
alters proteins levels and smooth muscle contractility and these changes likely to contribute to gastrointestinal disorder seen in these diseases.
...
PMID:Upregulation of N-acetylaspartic acid alters inflammation, transcription and contractile associated protein levels in the stomach and smooth muscle contractility. 1794 58
N-acetylaspartic acid
(
NAA
) is predominantly present in brain and also present in lower amount in peripheral organs. The role of
NAA
in pathophysiology is poorly understood. Therefore the review was aimed to understand contribution of
NAA
in disease process. Amniotic fluid of mothers with Canavan disease (CD) fetus and patients with the disease show increased levels of
NAA
. Increase of this pathway is also reported in Parkinson's disease and
type 2 diabetes
. In HIV-related dementia,
NAA
is affected. Recent studies suggest that upregulation of
NAA
leads to oxidative stress including upregulation of nitric oxide and reducing potential antioxidants.
NAA
also leads to physiological abnormalities including walking disorder. These changes suggest that
NAA
contributes in disease pathophysiology.
...
PMID:Upregulation of N-acetylaspartic acid induces oxidative stress to contribute in disease pathophysiology. 2134 2
