Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine outpatients with mild to moderate arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and persistent macroalbuminuria were studied. After 1 month of placebo, the patients were treated with 50 mg captopril twice a day for the following 6 months. Blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were significantly reduced but no relationship was found between these two variables. No changes were detected in the renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, filtration fraction, renal vascular resistance or metabolic pattern. Captopril significantly reduced blood pressure and albuminuria without any change in the renal function. The decrease in albuminuria may be related to the reduction in blood pressure as well as to a direct effect of captopril on glomerular haemodynamics.
J Hypertens Suppl 1989 Sep
PMID:Systemic and renal effects of chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in hypertensive diabetic patients. 269 60

Pharmacological aspects of presently used insulins are reviewed. A discussion of different forms of insulin therapy in insulin dependent and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is presented.
Acta Med Port 1989 Sep
PMID:[Insulinotherapy]. 269 70

Interest in sweetening agents is encouraging manufacturers and researchers to find a safe substance to maintain the life quality of diabetics. The popularity of sweetened food items has increased recently in Taiwan. The glycemic index of fructose has been reported to be 20%, much lower than most carbohydrate foods. A high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has come onto the market of sweetening agents and has been proposed as a low-cost substitute for fructose in dietetic management of diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the glycemic effects of HFCS and glucose to see if there is a place for high-fructose corn syrup in diabetic management. In 8 normal and 21 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects, we performed oral tolerance tests. After an overnight fast, the subjects were given either 75g of glucose or an equivalent amount of HFCS containing 75g of carbohydrate. Blood was sampled before and at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after the glucose load. Blood glucose was analyzed by the glucose oxidase method using YSI 23 A (Yellow-Springs Intrument). The insulin and C-peptide were measured by RIA kits from Daiichi. The area under the curves (AUC) was calculated for plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and immunoreactive C-peptide (IRCP). The results showed that the glycemic effect of HFCS was 73% of glucose. The AUC of IRI after HFCS was 56% of that of glucose. The AUC of IRCP after HFCS was 57% of that of glucose. The high glycemic index of HFCS in our study does not support the use of HFCS as a substitute for fructose.
Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1989 Sep
PMID:Effects of high-fructose (90%) corn syrup on plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and normal subjects. 269 93

Nondiabetic, young offspring of noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients manifest insulin insensitivity. The pathophysiologic implications of the insulin insensitivity are uncertain since such subjects are usually normoglycemic. We have, therefore, studied isotopically the glucose turnover fluxes (D(3-3H) glucose technique) during postabsorptive state and after a physiological solid mixed meal ingestion for 240 min in 13 nondiabetic offspring and eight age-, sex- and weight-matched controls. Mean fasting serum glucose (84 +/- 3 vs. 78 +/- 2 mg/dl) and insulin (13.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.8 microU/ml) were significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in the offspring vs. controls. After the mixed meal ingestion, both serum glucose and insulin levels rose to significantly higher levels throughout the study period in the offspring vs. controls. Basal (2.04 +/- 0.73 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.76 ng/ml) and peak (5.72 +/- 0.65 vs. 6.47 +/- 0.40 ng/ml) serum c-peptide levels were not significantly different between the offspring and controls, respectively. Mean basal hepatic glucose output was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in the offspring vs. controls (79 +/- 6 vs. 66 +/- 6 mg/m2.min). Following the mixed meal ingestion, the total splanchnic glucose appearance was significantly greater and qualitatively different in the offspring vs. controls. This occurred in the presence of identical intestinal carbohydrate absorption rates in both groups as assessed by simultaneous D-xylose test. Despite higher serum insulin levels, basal and post-meal metabolic clearance rates of glucose were similar in the two groups. We conclude that in nondiabetic offspring, greater basal and post-meal serum glucose and insulin levels occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1989 Sep
PMID:Defective insulin-mediated splanchnic glucose regulation and glucose clearance: early glucose homeostatic defects in nondiabetic, young offspring of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 269 5

Seventeen postmenopausal women with pelvic abscesses were cared for at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Women's Hospital during the past eight years. Nine had experienced either postmenopausal bleeding or uterine instrumentation, or both, within the prior six months. Findings from physical examination and various laboratory and roentgenologic studies did not significantly help in improving the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. In four, the abscess was associated with intra-abdominal pathologic conditions, and six had poorly controlled adult onset diabetes mellitus. Transfusion was required in eight patients. Two patients had a prolonged hospital stay because of pulmonary and septic complications. One patient had carcinoma of the ovary while another had carcinoma of the cervix uteri that was undiagnosed preoperatively. Our conclusion is that about one-half of postmenopausal patients with pelvic and tubo-ovarian abscesses have postmenopausal bleeding. The remainder may have associated intra-abdominal infective pathologic findings or a malignant condition of the genital tract. Expeditious surgical treatment should be undertaken.
Surg Gynecol Obstet 1989 Sep
PMID:Pelvic abscesses in postmenopausal women. 277 95

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, a disease of complex aetiology, has been reported to be nonrandomly associated with several polymorphic markers in human populations. These data, plus evidence of a high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in American Indians and mixed populations, such as Mexican-Americans, which is only partially attributable to the prevalence of obesity in these populations, makes it imperative that the nature of such associations be clarified in relation to genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present paper reports the results of tests of association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and seven polymorphic markers: the blood groups - ABO, Rhesus, Duffy and Kell (K and KP) - haptoglobin and group specific component; among Anglo and Hispanic populations in the San Luis Valley of Colorado, USA. The sample population consisted of 788 individuals of which 398 were Anglo subjects (97 Types 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 301 normal individuals) and 390 Hispanic subjects (191 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 199 normal individuals). Association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and genetic markers in patients was tested using the G2 statistic within each ethnic class using normal frequencies as a comparison. Results of the tests indicated that only the Kell blood group was significantly associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus at a 5% level among the Anglo subjects (G2 = 5.16, 1df). This significant value can be explained by chance alone, if multiple comparisons are taken into account. Our tests have not shown the previously reported haptoglobin or Rhesus blood group associations seen in Mexican-Americans in San Antonio, Texas.
Diabetologia 1989 Sep
PMID:Genetic studies of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: lack of association with seven genetic markers. 279 88

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ACE inhibitor enalapril (E) on blood pressure and metabolic control in 15 hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. When the treatment goal was not reached with enalapril alone, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) was added. A diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below 90 mmHg was achieved in seven patients with enalapril alone (47%), and in an additional four (27%) with concomitant hydrochlorothiazide. No significant adverse effects of enalapril occurred and all patients completed the study. Monotherapy with enalapril did not affect metabolic control or renal function. Addition of HCTZ to E did not consistently result in further lowering of blood pressure and caused deterioration of both the degree of metabolic control and renal function. We, therefore, conclude that monotherapy with enalapril can be a safe and satisfactory treatment for hypertensive patients with NIDDM. Caution is needed, however, when HCTZ is added, since this may adversely affect metabolic control and renal function whereas the effect on blood pressure may be variable.
Diabetes Res 1988 Sep
PMID:Effects of enalapril with and without hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 285 59

Glucose disposal rates (Rd) during an insulin clamp study reflect both basal and insulin-stimulated Rd. To quantify the amount of glucose taken up in response to a known increase in insulin concentration, two consecutive studies were performed on 10 patients with mild to moderate NIDDM (mean fasting glucose = 146 mg/dl) and 10 normal subjects. Endogenous insulin secretion was inhibited by somatostatin and plasma glucose level maintained at 180 mg/dl for 5. Rd (mg/m2/min) was determined isotopically for 2.5 h at insulin concentrations approximately 6 microU/ml and during 2.5 h of physiologic hyperinsulinemia at approximately 60 microU/ml (total glucose disposal), with the increase in Rd resulting from the approximate 10-fold elevation of plasma insulin concentration defined as insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Results showed that the increment in Rd resulting from the elevation of plasma insulin concentration was relatively minor in NIDDM (38 +/- 6), increasing from a mean (+/- SEM) value of 83 +/- 8 to 121 +/- 12. Similar values in normal subjects were 90 +/- 7 and 274 +/- 26 with an increment of 183 +/- 21. Thus, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in patients with NIDDM was only one-fifth of that in normals, and accounted for only 31% (38 divided by 121) of total glucose disposal during the clamp study. These data indicate that the majority of previous insulin clamp studies of in vivo insulin action in patients with NIDDM, in which total glucose disposal and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal have been equated, have underestimated the magnitude of insulin resistance present in NIDDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1985 Sep
PMID:Quantitation of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 286 88

Resolution of selenium-containing proteins synthesized by mouse mammary gland cells was achieved using the technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Radioactive selenium as H2[75Se]O3 was incorporated into relatively few proteins within mammary gland cells maintained in vitro and cells of mammary gland tissue in vivo. The pattern of selenoproteins obtained was identical qualitatively between a nontumorigenic differentiated cell line, COMMA-D, and a tumorigenic cell line, MOD. Eleven selenoproteins ranging in molecular weight from 12,000-78,000 were detected and a total of 25 spots were visible indicating charge heterogeneity of some of the proteins. A major selenoprotein (Mr 26,000) migrated identically with the subunit form of glutathione peroxidase, a well-characterized protein containing four selenocysteine residues. Other major selenoproteins had molecular weights of 58,000, 22,000, 18,000, and 14,000. Analysis of the total cellular protein extract and of each of the five major proteins indicated that selenium was incorporated as selenocysteine in the proteins. Incorporation of selenium as selenomethionine into cellular proteins was detected only when selenomethionine was provided in the culture medium. Cleavage of 75Se-labeled proteins with N-chlorosuccinimide produced polypeptides of different molecular weights indicating that the Mr 58,000, 26,000, and 22,000 selenoproteins were dissimilar in the amino acid sequences containing the selenoamino acid. The pattern of selenoproteins of mammary gland cells in vivo was similar to that obtained for cells in culture and most other tissues in vivo. These results provide evidence for the presence of multiple selenium-containing proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The possible significance of these proteins in selenium-mediated inhibition of cell growth awaits future clarification.
Cancer Res 1986 Sep
PMID:Distribution of selenoproteins in mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. 294 39

The prevalence of limited joint mobility (LJM) was studied in 110 insulin-dependent (IDDM) and 190 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) consecutive Ethiopian African diabetics and 300 age- and sex-matched controls at the Tikur Anbassa Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa over a period of 18 months. Mean ages +/- S.D. of the IDDM, NIDDM, and controls were 35 +/- 9.9, 49.4 +/- 12.0, and 43.3 +/- 14.0 years, respectively. LJM was found in 44.5% of IDDM, 25.3% of NIDDM, and 6.7% of controls, being significantly commoner in IDDM than NIDDM (p less than 0.001) and in the diabetics than in controls (p less than 0.001). In IDDM those with LJM were significantly younger (p less than 0.05), had a higher prevalence of median fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of 15 mmol/l and above (p less than 0.01), and retinopathy (p less than 0.05), but did not differ from those without LJM in duration of diabetes, or prevalence of neuropathy and nephropathy. In NIDDM those with LJM had a significantly longer duration of diabetes (p less than 0.005) and a higher prevalence of nephropathy (p less than 0.005), but did not differ from those without LJM in age at onset of diabetes, prevalence of neuropathy, and retinopathy or median FBG level.
Diabet Med 1985 Sep
PMID:Limited finger joint mobility in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent Ethiopian diabetics. 295 Oct 96


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>