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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An altered mineral metabolism has been described both in insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In order to investigate if a disturbed mineral homeostasis was an early feature in the development of diabetes, 52 middle-aged men who all had recently developed an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were compared to healthy control persons. The IGT subjects showed higher levels of serum calcium (2.38 +/- 0.081 mmol/l (SD) vs 2.35 +/- 0.065 in controls) but similar levels of plasma ionized calcium indicating an increased protein binding of serum calcium in IGT. Serum magnesium was significantly lower in the IGT subjects (0.79 +/- 0.060 mmol/l vs 0.85 +/- 0.065, p less than 0.001) while serum phosphate was unaltered. This study demonstrates indices of an impaired mineral metabolism in IGT subjects similar in characteristics to what has previously been reported in manifest diabetes mellitus suggesting that an alteration of mineral homeostasis could be part of a primary event.
Exp Clin Endocrinol 1990 Sep
PMID:Indices of mineral metabolism in subjects with an impaired glucose tolerance. 227 19

The serum levels of the low molecular form of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) was determined in 56 outpatients with diabetes mellitus by a radioimmunoassay developed for amniotic 35 kDa IGFBP. The mean level of 35 kDa IGFBP was found to be threefold higher in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 112 +/- 13 ng/ml, than in age matched controls, 37 +/- 2 ng/ml, while the mean level in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 16 +/- 2 ng/ml, was decreased. In hospitalized IDDM patients there was a significant correlation (r = 0.91, p less than 0.01) between fasting blood-glucose and 35 kDa IGFBP levels, not found in NIDDM patients. During insulin infusion the 35 kDa IGFBP levels declined with a half-life of 60-120 min. The decline in IGFBP continued even after the establishment of steady state B-glucose at 4.7 mmol/l. In conclusion, the elevated 35 kDa IGFBP levels in IDDM can be attributed to insulin deficiency and may reflect a reduced bioavailability of the IGFs at the target cells.
J Endocrinol Invest 1988 Sep
PMID:Insulin regulates the 35 kDa IGF binding protein in patients with diabetes mellitus. 246 6

The authors examined the insulin, glucose, total protein concentrations and amylase activity in the saliva of normal (n = 7) and obese subjects (n = 14) before and after a meal. The variability of the values of the investigated parameters in different subjects is considerable. During repeated examinations of the same normal subjects after a prolonged time interval the responses under similar condition in saliva is 17.7 +/- 13.8 microU/ml, when the mean maximum in the 120th minute is 24.7 +/- +13.9 microU/ml. The glucose concentration is on average 2.1 +/- 1.3 mg/dl, total protein 279.5 +/- 53.2 mg/dl and the amylase activity 226 +/- 133 thousand U/l. In the dynamics of the investigated parameters in obese subjects the concentration of insulin and the other parameters are on average higher than the maximum insulin level in normal children, and in three obese children they were more than four or five times higher. The gradual progressive hypersecretion of insulin may thus imply a disposition for type II diabetes mellitus at a later age.
Cesk Pediatr 1989 Sep
PMID:[Insulin, glucose, proteins and amylase in the saliva of obese children]. 247 4

The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of carbohydrates on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six patients who had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. On one occasion each subject ingested a placebo with 200 ml water and a starch (50 g) pudding meal (400 ml) 30 minutes later. On another occasion an amylase inhibitor that retards intraluminal starch digestion was given with the water and starch. In normal subjects, water caused a moderate rise in HPP plasma levels (16.9 (10.9) pg/ml; p less than 0.02) and ingestion of starch increased HPP in a double peaked pattern. The mean increments of the peaks were 45.0 (15.2) pg/ml (p less than 0.02) and 41.1 (17.3) pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. In the diabetic subjects, the HPP concentrations did not increase in response to water. After ingestion of starch the diabetics had two peaks of HPP that were similar in magnitude, but the early postprandial peak was delayed significantly compared to normal subjects (37.5 (5.1) min v 23.4 (3.9) min; p less than 0.05). The amylase inhibitor (5 or 10 g) reduced the early postprandial HPP peak by 79% (p less than 0.05) in normal subjects and 4 g of the inhibitor reduced the early HPP peak by 58% (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics. In both groups ingestion of the amylase inhibitor abolished the late HPP peak (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, carbohydrate induced HPP release is dependent on undisturbed intraluminal starch digestion.
Gut 1989 Sep
PMID:Carbohydrate digestion and release of pancreatic polypeptide in health and diabetes mellitus. 247 26

Goldthioglucose was used to induce necrosis of the ventromedial hypothalamus in mice. This produced an obese mouse that exhibited syndromes associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We found enhanced glucose-induced electrical activity from B-cells with impaired neurotransmitter input. This information indicates that the electrical events of the B-cell plasma membrane are influenced by altered neurotransmitter input and may play a causal role in the enhanced secretory response.
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1989 Sep
PMID:Altered electrical responses of B-cells after goldthioglucose-induced lesions in the ventromedial hypothalamus. 251 Feb 25

Plasma lipid profiles--total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids--were studied in relation to two parameters of diabetic control (fasting blood sugar (FBS) for short-term control and glycosylated haemoglobin (HBA1C) for long-term control) in 46 diabetic patients (22 insulin-dependent (IDDM) and 24 non-insulin dependent (NIDDM] and 22 non-diabetic control subjects. We confirmed the positive correlation between FBS and HBA1C. All diabetic patients had significantly higher triglyceride levels (P less than 0.05) than controls, which were not influenced by degree of glycaemic control. NIDDM patients tended to have higher than normal TC levels (P less than 0.05). In IDDM, TC level was positively correlated with HBA1C (r = 0.37, P less than 0.05), and negative correlations were established between FBS and HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.46, P less than 0.02) and the HDL-cholesterol:TC ratio (r = -0.49, P less than 0.01), suggesting an increased atherogenic risk with poorer diabetic control. It is concluded that lipoprotein abnormalities exist in Nigerian diabetics, though not as consistently as in Caucasians. The differences may be due to, among other factors, differences in genetic make-up, diet (typical African diet being rich in plant fibre and poor in cholesterogenic nutrients) and aetiology of the diabetic state (tropical diabetes being highly heterogeneous and now thought to be linked to malnutrition).
Afr J Med Med Sci 1989 Sep
PMID:Plasma lipid profiles in relation to diabetic control in Nigerians. 255 Nov 65

Factors to be checked concerning local and systemic condition were studied statistically in order to clarify the methodology for clinical management of diabetic retinopathy. NIDDM (n = 1517) and IDDM (n = 30) persons participating in baseline and follow-up examinations were included. The vitreous fluorophotometric values were selected for local check factors. Glycosylated hemoglobin was selected for systemic check factors. To determine the retinopathy status at both the baseline and follow-up examinations, all fundus photographs were graded in a masked fashion, using the author's classification scheme (1983) which specified six levels of retinopathy for each excepted from the interrupted proliferative retinopathy. Level 0: no retinopathy, Level 1: microaneurysms only (AI), Level 2: microaneurysms and retinal hemorrhages (AII), Level 3: preproliferative retinopathy (soft exudates, increased capillary occlusion and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities) (BI), Level 4: neovascularization elsewhere (BII), Level 5: neovascularization of the disc (BIII), Level 6: vitreous hemorrhages or proliferative tissue (BIV, V). A positive correlation between the progression of retinopathy and glycosylated hemoglobin or vitreous fluorophotometric values were observed. The coefficient of correlation was 0.67 between posterior vitreous fluorophotometric values and levels (scores) of retinopathy. The coefficient of correlation was 0.41 between glycosylated hemoglobin and levels of retinopathy. These data suggest that these two factors can predict the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1989 Sep
PMID:[Clinical management of diabetic retinopathy]. 261 Jan 68

Threshold load tests have shown that the fatigue strength of Class I composite fillings may be increased up to 150 N by the application of a base material. This effect varied only with the consistency of the composite, not with the type of base material used. However, differences were found in the depths at which losses of marginal adaptation occurred: where glass ionomer cement base (polyalkenoate) was used, marginal leakage demonstrated by pigment penetration tests stopped at the interface between filling and base, while in those cases where phosphate cement was used as base material, pigment penetration was shown to extend down to the floor of the cavity. Mesiodistal sections through Class II MOD restorations with the same combinations of materials after 24 hours of storage in pigment solutions and without loading revealed that a close marginal fit in the area of the cervical step can be obtained with the use of glass ionomer cement as base material. In contrast to this observation the use of phosphate cement as base material is associated with marginal leakage down to the area of the floor of the cavity in about one half of the restorations.
Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1989 Sep
PMID:[Fatigue strength and marginal adaptation of composite fillings]. 263 40

Considerable disagreement exists regarding the levels of immunoreactive glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels were therefore studied during oral glucose and mixed meal tolerance tests in normal subjects (n = 31) and newly presenting previously untreated patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 68). The tests were performed in random order after overnight fasts and blood samples were taken at 30 min intervals for 4 h. During the oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels increased in the normal subjects from a fasting value of 20 +/- 3 pmol/l to a peak of 68 +/- 5 pmol/l at 30 min and in the Type 2 diabetic patients from a similar fasting level of 27 +/- 3 pmol/l to a higher peak value of 104 +/- 6 pmol/l at 30 min (p less than 0.001). Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels were significantly higher in the diabetic patients compared with the normal subjects from 30-90 min (p less than 0.01-0.001) following oral glucose. During the meal tolerance test glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels increased in the normal subjects from a pre-prandial value of 22 +/- 4 pmol/l to a peak of 93 +/- 6 pmol/l at 90 min and in the Type 2 diabetic patients from a similar basal level of 25 +/- 2 pmol/l to a higher peak of 133 +/- 7 pmol/l at 60 min. Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations were significantly higher in Type 2 diabetic patients compared with the normal subjects at 30 min (p less than 0.001), 60 min (p less than 0.01) and from 210-240 min (p less than 0.05) during the meal tolerance test. The groups were subdivided on the basis of degree of obesity and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations were still higher in the diabetic subgroups compared with the normal subjects matched for weight. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an exaggerated glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response to oral glucose and mixed meals which is independent of any effect of obesity.
Diabetologia 1989 Sep
PMID:The glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response to oral glucose and mixed meals is increased in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 267 68

In 12 members of a family with MODY, insulin and C-peptide release after intake of a test breakfast was measured as well as binding of insulin to its erythrocyte receptor. According to serum glucose concentrations, subjects were classified into: diabetic, carbohydrate intolerant, and normal subjects. The two diabetic patients had an insulin release pattern similar to that of non-insulin dependent diabetics. The two patients with carbohydrate intolerance presented hyperinsulinism either at base state and after stimulation. Of the eight normal subjects, three presented high concentrations of serum insulin either at base level and after stimulation; in the remaining five, base insulinemia was normal and the response after food intake was poor. Insulin binding to the receptor was decreased in diabetic patients and this anomaly was more evident in patients with carbohydrate intolerance. In the three patients with increased serum insulin concentration, no disturbances in insulin-receptor binding were detected; in the remaining five patients, insulin-receptor binding was significantly decreased. Our findings prove that these subjects present a disturbance of insulin release and an impairment of insulin-receptor binding with a predominance of one or the other alteration even before hyperglycemia is evident.
Med Clin (Barc) 1989 Sep 23
PMID:[Insulin and peptide C secretion after food ingestion and the interaction of insulin with its erythrocyte receptor in a family with MODY type diabetes mellitus]. 269 74


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