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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Butt joint, plain and round beveled MOD cavities were prepared in extracted human molars. Composite resin inlays (SR-Isosit) were fixed adhesively and analysed by quantitative SEM-evaluation after thermocycling and mechanical load application. The marginal adaptation of the inlays differed significantly depending on the type of cavosurface preparation. Best results with a high percentage of perfect margins not only before but also after in vitro load application were obtained with cavities prepared with rounded bevels.
Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1991 Sep
PMID:[The effect of modified forms of preparation on the quality of SR Isosit composite inlay margins]. 181 43

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether etching, bonding and filling with composite a cavity increase tooth resistance to fracture, considering that in posterior teeth stressed cusps are likely to bend. MOD conservative cavities (isthmus width/intercuspal distance = 0.25) were made in 10 extracted upper premolars, filled with P30 (3M) and tested by using a MTS machine. A metal bar (5 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length) was employed to load the cusps and their fracture resistance was recorded. The control group consisted of 16 extracted upper premolars: MOD cavities were made in only 9 teeth, then filled with amalgam. As a result, MOD cavities treated with Scotchbond, filled with P30 and tested by a MTS machine don't seem to be more resistant to a static load than cavities filled with amalgam.
Dent Cadmos 1991 Sep 15
PMID:[Resistance of cavity walls of composite filled teeth]. 182 68

The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (i.e., NIDDM; type 2 diabetes) on the levels of functional mitochondrial anion transport proteins has been determined utilizing a chemically-induced neonatal model of NIDDM. We hypothesized that moderate insulin deficiency exacerbated by the insulin resistance, which is characteristic of NIDDM, would cause changes in mitochondrial anion transporter function that were similar to those we have previously shown to occur in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (i.e., IDDM; type 1 diabetes) (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 280: 181-191, 1990). Our experimental approach consisted of the extraction of the pyruvate, dicarboxylate and citrate transport proteins from the mitochondrial inner membrane with Triton X-114 using rat liver mitoplasts (prepared from diabetic and control animals) as the starting material, followed by the functional reconstitution of each transporter in a proteoliposomal system. This strategy permitted the quantification of the functional levels of these three transporters in the absence of the complications that arise when such measurements are carried out with intact mitochondria (or mitoplasts). We found that experimental NIDDM did not cause significant changes in the extractable and reconstitutable specific (and total) transport activities of the pyruvate, dicarboxylate, and citrate transporters. These results are in marked contrast to our previous findings obtained using rats with IDDM and negated our hypothesis. The present results, in combination with our earlier findings, allow us to conclude that insulin plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial anion transporter function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Cell Biochem 1991 Sep 18
PMID:Functional levels of mitochondrial anion transport proteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 183 3

Effective fuel metabolism is dependent on balances among exogenous and endogenous fuel availability, the glucagon/insulin ratio, and tissue insulin sensitivity. Diabetes mellitus results when imbalances occur. The resultant metabolic derangement is accompanied by abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. The two most common forms of diabetes are insulin dependent (IDDM) and noninsulin dependent (NIDDM). IDDM is an autoimmune disease, characterized by insulinopenia and ketosis. NIDDM is related to impaired insulin secretion, defective tissue sensitivity, and abnormalities in glucose transporter proteins. This article describes normal fuel metabolism and traces the abnormal metabolic processes that lead to both IDDM and NIDDM.
Nurse Pract Forum 1991 Sep
PMID:Normal fuel metabolism and alterations in diabetes mellitus. 184 Sep 66

Nutritional management is a major therapeutic tool in the care of persons with diabetes. Goals for insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM and NIDDM) differ due to the underlying pathophysiology of the conditions. This article discusses the nutrition management goals for IDDM and NIDDM and provides practical recommendations to achieve them. The authors supply a sample meal plan, a list of high-fiber and low-fat foods, a sample diet history, and a food record to facilitate assessment and patient behavior changes. NPs can use this information in practice when nutrition consultation is not available.
Nurse Pract Forum 1991 Sep
PMID:Diabetes and nutrition recommendations: a practical perspective. 184 Sep 67

This study was initiated to 1) assess gemfibrozil's ability to lower plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration in patients with NIDDM, and 2) determine whether this effect was associated with any changes in glycemic control. Measurements were made of mean hourly plasma glucose, insulin, TG, and FFA concentrations from 1200-1600 h in response to a test meal; hepatic glucose production (HGP); insulin-stimulated glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp study (MCR); and fasting plasma lipoprotein TG and cholesterol concentrations in 12 patients with NIDDM before and 3 months after gemfibrozil treatment. Although ambient plasma TG and FFA concentrations fell significantly, plasma glucose, insulin, HGP, concentrations fell significantly, plasma glucose, insulin, HGP, and glucose MCR did not change. However, when patients were divided into two groups, those with fasting plasma glucose levels above 9 mmol/L (fair control) and those with levels below 9 mmol/L (good control), a different phenomenon was observed. Patients in fair control had significant decreases in mean hourly plasma concentrations of glucose (15.1 +/- 1.7 to 12.6 +/- 0.9 mmol/L; P less than 0.001), insulin (523 +/- 59 to 471 +/- 75 pmol/L; P less than 0.001), FFA (652 +/- 150 to 504 +/- 76 mumol/L), and HGP (9.5 0.4 to 8.1 +/- 0.4 mumol/kg.min; P less than 0.005), and an increase in glucose MCR (2.63 +/- 0.49 to 3.72 +/- 0.54 mL/kg.min; P less than 0.07) in association with a fall in TG from 6.9 +/- 1.3 to 3.5 +/- 0.9 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). Although fasting low density lipoprotein cholesterol increased (1.8 +/- 0.2 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/L; P less than 0.05), the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (6.84 +/- 0.88 to 5.80 +/- 1.05; P less than 0.02). Despite a significant fall in mean hourly TG concentration (4.6 +/- 0.7 to 3.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/L; P less than 0.001), neither insulin, FFA, HGP, nor glucose MCR changed in patients in good control. Furthermore, the mean hourly plasma glucose concentration increased from 9.2 +/- 0.7 to 11.7 +/- 1.4 mmol/L (P less than 0.001). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol also increased in this group (1.9 +/- 0.2 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/L; P less than 0.02), but, as before, the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (8.15 +/- 1.93 to 6.36 +/- 1.03; P less than 0.02).
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991 Sep
PMID:Effect of gemfibrozil treatment in sulfonylurea-treated patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 187 29

In this review, the relationship between hypertension and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism is explored. A review of the current literature reveals that people with hypertension are also likely to suffer from insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia. Likewise, hypertension is prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. Deficiency of insulin at the cellular level may be a common mechanism in the development of hypertension in patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Essential hypertension appears to be an insulin-resistant state. Insulin resistance may engender hypertension by increasing peripheral vascular resistance as well as by increasing salt retention at the level of the kidney. Therefore effective antihypertensive therapy should include agents that do not adversely affect carbohydrate metabolic abnormalities. Commonly used antihypertensive agents, such as thiazide, thiazide-like diuretics, and beta-blockers, are associated with glucose intolerance and increased insulin resistance. In contrast, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and peripheral alpha-blockers (such as prazosin and terazosin) do not adversely affect glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. In addition, alpha-blockers have a positive effect on the serum lipid profile. The entire multifactorial cardiac risk profile must be considered when choosing therapeutic agents for conditions that have an impact on cardiovascular disease.
Am Heart J 1991 Sep
PMID:Is hypertension an insulin-resistant state? Metabolic changes associated with hypertension and antihypertensive therapy. 187 73

Nineteen patients affected by non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in good glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose 7.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin 6.3 +/- 0.2%), underwent three isocaloric dietary phases. In phases 1 and 3 the diet was rich in complex carbohydrates (Carbo) whereas in phase 2 it was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (Mono). Plasma glucose concentrations were 7.1 +/- 0.3 and 7.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L for the two Carbo phases and 7.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/L for the Mono phase (NS). Plasma total cholesterol values for the Carbo phases were 6.2 +/- 0.2 and 6.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, respectively, and 6.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L on the Mono phase (NS). Similarly, no significant changes were noticed for plasma triglycerides and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Thus, both diets were well-tolerated and did not alter glucose homeostasis or worsen plasma lipid concentrations. Consequently, these results suggest that a wider dietary choice can be made available to NIDDM patients without producing unwanted side effects.
Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Sep
PMID:Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids. 187 14

Albumin excretion rate measured by new immunoassays and semiquantitative tests is advocated as a means for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. We determined albumin excretion rate in 276 patients. Albumin excretion rate was normal in 66%, within the microalbuminuric range in 27%, and within the macroproteinuric range in 7%. Significant predictors of albumin excretion rate included presence of hypertension and glycosylated hemoglobin level in type I diabetes mellitus, and years since diagnosis in type II diabetes mellitus. A semiquantitative test was deemed to be of limited diagnostic value. We conclude that testing for early diabetic nephropathy in routine clinical practice gives valuable information and that determination by a quantitative immunoassay based on a single 24-hour urine sample is preferable. The optimal frequency of screening and the levels that determine progressive renal disease have yet to be established.
Arch Intern Med 1991 Sep
PMID:Microalbuminuria in clinical practice. 188 40

To evaluate the effect of microangiopathic complications and autonomic dysfunction on diastolic time (DT) during dynamic exercise, 19 patients with type 2 diabetes and ten normal subjects were studied using ear densitography. All subjects had neither an ischemic electrocardiographic response nor chest pain during maximal treadmill exercise. The DT and heart rate (HR) had an inverse nonlinear relation, and electromechanical systole (QS2) and HR had an inverse linear relation during exercise. When the exercise DT-HR and QS2-HR relations were compared, a significant lengthening of QS2, with a consequent shortening of DT, was observed in diabetic patients with retinopathy, compared to patients without retinopathy and normal subjects (p less than 0.005), while no significant differences were found between diabetic patients without retinopathy and normal subjects; however, there were no significant differences in the exercise DT-HR and QS2-HR relations among diabetic patients with and without autonomic dysfunction and normal subjects. A more prominent abbreviation in the diastolic perfusion time observed in patients with retinopathy would be meaningful because microangiopathy might already have limited subendocardial blood flow. Thus, patients with type 2 diabetes who have retinopathy have a potential risk of aggravation of left ventricular function through the deterioration of myocardial blood flow.
Chest 1991 Sep
PMID:Diastolic time in diabetes. Impairment of diastolic time during dynamic exercise in type 2 diabetes with retinopathy. 188 69


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