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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Possible factors predisposing to peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in hypertensive subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied. Details of age, sex, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, and smoking habit were recorded in 180 subjects of either White, West Indian Black or Asian ethnic origin. Glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting serum total cholesterol, total high density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2, low density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides were measured in all subjects. Peripheral vascular disease was defined as an ankle/brachial systolic pressure < 1.0 as measured by the Doppler technique. Multivariate analysis was performed and the following factors were identified as being strongly associated with the presence of PVD with a statistical significance of p < 0.001; LDL-cholesterol, total HDL-cholesterol, age, male sex, diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy, diastolic blood pressure, and of p < 0.003; systolic blood pressure. When blood pressure was excluded from the analysis the other factors retained their predictive value. We conclude that hypertension and dyslipidaemia are important risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 147 34

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with increased very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride concentrations as abnormalities of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) composition. Because fish oil has a strong triglyceride lowering effect in case of normolipemic subjects, we investigated the influence of supplementary fish oil diet in patients suffering from NIDDM (n = 19), who until now were not treated by drugs but only by diet. The study was started with a placebo-run-in-period for four weeks (phase I, 6 g rape seed oil capsules/d), followed by a verum period for twelve weeks (phase II, 6 g fish oil concentrate capsules/d), and a wash-out-period for four weeks (phase III, 6 g rape seed oil capsules/d). The fish oil supplementation contained at least 3 g eicosapentenoic and docosahexenoic acid. The lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, blood glucose, and insulin level (fasting and after load test) were checked at the beginning and at the end of each phase. In comparison to the placebo rape seed oil supplementation, the fish oil diet effected a decrease of serum triglycerides by 29%. LDL-cholesterol increased by 9%, HDL-cholesterol by 9% (especially HDL2-cholesterol), and apolipoprotein B by 4%. Apolipoprotein A-I was reduced by 9%. The fasting blood glucose and the glucose load test as the insulin level (fasting and after load test) showed no significant changes at the end of the verum period in comparison to the run-in-phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effect of fish oil concentrate on the lipoprotein profile of patients with type II diabetes mellitus]. 154 65

In order to assess whether insulin concentration or plasma lipolytic activity has any role in the regulation of HDL cholesterol concentrations in type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma C-peptide and HDL2-cholesterol concentrations and the post-heparin plasma activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic endothelial lipase were measured in 148 patients with type 2 diabetes (76 male, 72 female). HDL2-cholesterol was related negatively to hepatic lipase activity in men (r = -0.49, p less than 0.001) and women (r = -0.43, p less than 0.001) and positively to lipoprotein lipase activity in men (r = -0.33, p less than 0.01) and women (r = 0.36, p less than 0.01). A significant inverse relationship was confirmed between C-peptide and the HDL2-cholesterol subfraction in both sexes (men, r = -0.40, p less than 0.001, women r = -0.51, p less than 0.001). This persisted after adjustment for the effects of alcohol intake, mode of hypoglycaemic treatment, plasma glucose and body mass index. The relationship was lost in men and greatly diminished in women when hepatic lipase activity was included in multiple linear regression analysis, whereas the inclusion of lipoprotein lipase activity in the analysis had little effect on the relationship between C-peptide and HDL2-cholesterol. We suggest that hepatic lipase may be partly responsible for the commonly observed inverse relationship between measures of insulin secretion and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. We speculate that this may occur through a direct stimulatory effect of insulin on the enzyme's activity.
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PMID:Association of high density lipoprotein cholesterol with plasma lipolytic activity and C-peptide concentration in type 2 diabetes. 181 5

We studied the association of obesity with lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 92 patients (49 men, 43 women) with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), in 305 patients (152 men, 153 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), and in 122 nondiabetic control subjects (65 men, 57 women). Obesity (body mass index, BMI) was associated with abnormal lipid and lipoprotein levels only in the presence of diabetes, and lipid and lipoprotein changes were substantially more abnormal in patients with NIDDM than in patients with IDDM. In men and women with NIDDM, obesity was associated with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol and high total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride concentrations. In men with IDDM, obesity was related only to low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol and in women with IDDM to low HDL3 cholesterol. BMI and diabetes status had a statistically significant interaction (analysis of variance) with respect to HDL and HDL2 cholesterol and total and VLDL triglycerides, indicating that the effects of obesity on lipids and lipoproteins were more severe in patients with diabetes than in nondiabetic subjects. In conclusion, obesity and diabetes status have an unfavorable interaction that results in multiple pathologic lipid and lipoprotein changes, particularly in NIDDM.
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PMID:Adverse effects of obesity on lipid and lipoprotein levels in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. 229 84

The effect of sample pre-treatment as a source of variability of apolipoprotein (apo) AI, AII and B assays was demonstrated with lipid dissociating agents. The average mean percentage change ranged from -58 to +133% compared with untreated samples. The apolipoprotein method selected was validated by comparing their concentrations with their corresponding lipoprotein lipid or protein in normal controls and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. The coefficient of variation was maintained below 3.5% for apo AI, AII, B and HDL2-apo AI. The apolipoprotein concentrations of fasting plasma lipoproteins were determined in a cross-sectional study of non-obese (body-mass index less than or equal to 30) patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared with normal subjects matched for sex, age, body-mass index, exercise, alcohol consumption and smoking. Type 2 patients at diagnosis showed reduced apo AI and HDL2-apo AI concentrations, lowered apo AI:B ratio and increased concentrations of apo B. Type 2 patients treated by diet alone (for 6-72 months) and diet plus glibenclamide (2.5-15 mg/day for 6-48 months) exhibited similar abnormalities of plasma apolipoprotein concentration to Type 2 patients at diagnosis. However, in Type 2 patients treated with insulin (25-65 U/day for 8-144 months) concentrations of apo AI and HDL2-apo AI, and the apo AI:B ratio were normal. Apo B concentrations were generally lower compared with all groups of non-insulin treated patients. These abnormalities of apolipoprotein metabolism, which are associated with premature coronary disease, are still evident in patients treated by diet and diet plus glibenclamide, but are not seen in Type 2 patients treated with insulin.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein assays: methodological considerations and studies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes treated by diet, glibenclamide and insulin. 250 Jun 99

The effects of insulin on the lipid values of nonobese non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) Arab women requiring insulin was investigated to find whether these patients have the same coronary artery risk factor related to lipid levels. In this study, 55 NIDDM women on insulin therapy (mean age 28 +/- 8.1 yr and duration of disease 5 +/- 1.2 yr) and 70 control subjects (matched for sex, age, and body mass index) were studied for their plasma levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins. Concentrations of total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL TG, high-density lipoprotein triglyceride (HDL TG), phospholipid, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAtc), apolipoprotein B (apoB), LDL-apoB, and apoB/apoAl were significantly elevated in diabetic women compared with control subjects. There was no significant change in the levels of apoAll in plasma and lipoprotein fractions. Concentrations of HDL cholesterol (chol), HDL2-chol, HDL3-chol, plasma apoAl, HDL2-apoAl, HDL3-apoAl, and HDL-apoAl were significantly lower in diabetic women than in control subjects. There was no significant correlation between glucose or HbAtc and most of the lipids, lipoprotein lipids, and apolipoproteins measured. Despite normal body weight and insulin therapy, abnormalities in lipids, lipoprotein lipids, and apoB persisted in NIDDM patients compared with control subjects. Our data may favor an enhanced affinity toward atherosclerosis in these patients.
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PMID:Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in young nonobese Arab women with NIDDM treated with insulin. 265 41

While guar gum has been shown to lower total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in diabetic patients over the short-term, the long-term effects are less well studied and may be unpredictable. Granola bars with and without 6.6 g guar gum were developed and fed to 16 adult volunteers with Type II diabetes mellitus who had been randomized in a double-blind fashion into guar and placebo groups of equal size. Four to six bars were consumed daily with an ad lib diet over a 6-month period. Total cholesterol, total high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), subfractions HDL2-C and HDL3-C, LDL-C, and beta-apoprotein were measured at 0 and 6 months. Although LDL-C was lower and triglycerides higher at 6 months than at baseline, these changes were of equal magnitude and direction in both guar and placebo groups. Using each subject as his own control, only the change in triglycerides was statistically significant (P less than 0.025). When male subjects alone were analyzed, the guar group showed a statistically significant decrease in LDL, while the placebo group did not. Other lipid parameters were not significantly changed during the study, despite a positive effect on carbohydrate metabolism from the guar bars. The data suggest either that the hypolipemic effects of guar gum in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus are not sustained for 6 months, or the effects occur only in men.
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PMID:Long-term effects of guar gum on blood lipids. 301 Oct 23

Coronary heart disease in insulin-dependent (IDDM) and in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is associated with lipid and lipoprotein changes favouring atherosclerosis. Whether lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are associated also with peripheral vascular disease in both types of diabetes is largely unknown. Therefore, we studied lipid and lipoprotein levels and their association with claudication in a representative sample of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in East Finland. Altogether 87 subjects had IDDM (43 men, 44 women), 264 subjects NIDDM (126 men, 138 women) and 120 subjects were non-diabetic controls (63 men, 57 women). Patients with IDDM had an increased level of HDL and HDL2-cholesterol and patients with NIDDM a decreased level of HDL and HDL2-cholesterol and an increased level of total, LDL and VLDL triglycerides than did non-diabetic subjects. Analyses in both types of diabetes by claudication status revealed that total and LDL-cholesterol and total and VLDL triglycerides tended to be higher and HDL and HDL2-cholesterol lower in those having claudication as compared to those without a claudication symptom. Similarly, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were also more atherogenic in patients with claudication than in those without claudication. In conclusion, our results indicate that in both types of diabetes peripheral vascular disease is associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities favouring atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease. 321 81

We investigated the effects of omega-3 fish oil (FO) supplementation on lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and blood pressure (BP) in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. In 22 diabetic patients without overt hyperlipidemia, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol, HDL3-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) levels did not change during omega-3 FO supplementation for 8 weeks. The mean serum apo B concentration increased significantly [baseline, 2.56 +/- 0.11 (+/- SEM) mmol/L; 4 weeks, 2.82 +/- 0.13 mmol/L; 8 weeks, 2.80 +/- 0.13 mmol/L; P less than 0.01]. The mean plasma postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity increased transiently during the fourth week (baseline, 168 +/- 17 U/mL; 4 weeks, 182 +/- 18 U/mL; P less than 0.05), whereas postheparin hepatic triglyceride lipase activity did not change. Glycemic control worsened transiently during the fourth week, (baseline, 7.7 +/- 0.4%; 4 weeks, 8.4 +/- 0.3%; P less than 0.05). Both systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly throughout the study (systolic BP: baseline, 142 +/- 5 mm Hg; 8 weeks, 128 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic BP: baseline, 88 +/- 4 mm Hg; 8 weeks, 80 +/- 3 mm Hg; P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that in type II diabetics without overt hyperlipidemia, omega-3 FO supplementation does not improve either the glycemic control or serum lipids, and it is associated with a potentially detrimental rise in serum apo B concentrations. Until more information is available, use of such supplementation should be discouraged.
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PMID:Effects of omega-3 fish oils on lipid metabolism, glycemic control, and blood pressure in type II diabetic patients. 337 25

We determined the insulin response to an oral glucose ingestion and levels of serum lipoproteins in 25 untreated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 26 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and in 35 non-diabetic control subjects. The three groups had similar compositions with respect to age and sex distribution. The levels of VLDL triglyceride in the subjects with type 2 diabetes or IGT were higher than those in controls. Serum HDL- and HDL2 cholesterol were significantly decreased in type 2 diabetics, and the subjects with IGT showed a similar tendency. Serum apolipoprotein A-II levels were lower in the male subjects with type 2 diabetes or IGT than in controls. Insulin response, i.e., sum of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels at basal, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after a 75-g oral glucose load, negatively correlated to HDL- and HDL2 cholesterol levels (r = -0.396, P less than 0.05; r = -0.482, P less than 0.001, respectively), and positively correlated to VLDL triglyceride values (r = 0.485, P less than 0.001) in the male subjects with type 2 diabetes or IGT. In the female subjects, fasting plasma IRI values significantly correlated to HDL cholesterol (r = -0.496, P less than 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of HDL2 cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride. These data show that lipoprotein metabolism, not only in type 2 diabetics, but also in IGT tends to show changes such as decreased HDL2 cholesterol and increased VLDL triglyceride levels, and which might be related to the hypersecretion of endogenous insulin.
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PMID:Influence of endogenous hyperinsulinism on high density lipoprotein2 level in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. 373 47


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