Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The tensile bond strength of noble and non-noble castings luted with adhesive resin cements and zinc phosphate cement to prepared extracted teeth having received MOD amalgam restorations were compared. The crown preparations were standardized on the extracted teeth to produce axial wall length and taper consistent with that seen clinically. Results indicated the resin luting agents were significantly more retentive than the zinc phosphate cement and for each cement there was no difference in the casting alloy used.
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PMID:Retention strengths of three cements using full crown preparations restored with amalgam. 152 47

Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) is implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. In this paper we determined the activities of aldose reductase and ATPases of the erythrocytes in 17 patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In the aldose reductase assay we used fluorometric method to avoid the disturbance of hemoglobin. With dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), we verified it was aldose reductase but not aldehyde reductase II that was activated in the erythrocytes of the patients with NIDDM. The aldose reductase activity of the erythrocytes in the patients was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that in the controls. The activity of Na+/K(+)-ATPase of the patients was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that of the controls. The activities of Ca(2+)-ATPase and Mg(2+)-ATPase on the erythrocyte membranes of the patients were similar to those of the controls. At the same time we measured the seven nucleotide concentrations in the erythrocytes of the patients. In this experiment we used ultrafiltration method, instead of acid precipitation to make it possible to determine dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and NADH. The concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP were similar to those of the controls. The concentrations of NADPH, NAD+ and NADH in the erythrocytes of the patients were significantly lower (P less than 0.01, 0.05 and 0.05 respectively) than those of controls. The concentration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) in the patients was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that of controls.
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PMID:Activities of aldose reductase, ATPases, and nucleotide concentrations of erythrocytes in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 166 Dec 22

Creatinine clearance, urinary specific gravity after water deprivation and fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and phosphate were measured in 28 patients with uncomplicated non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Defective concentrating capacity was found in 46pc of the patients and 21pc had decreased glomerular filtration rate. Renal handling of sodium was normal in the patients but they showed a tendency for renal retention of potassium. Glycosuric patients showed marked phosphaturia.
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PMID:Renal function in non-insulin dependent--diabetes mellitus. 179 May 56

Pure titanium was cast into five different phosphate-bonded SiO2 investment mold materials (at 350 degrees C) with an argon-arc melting and pressure casting machine. The mesh castability, the fit of the MOD inlay castings, and the Knoop hardness and the micro-structure in cross-sections of castings were examined. The setting and thermal expansion, the compressive strength, and the X-ray diffraction analysis of the investments were also measured. The castability, the fit, and the thickness of the reacted layer differed in degree among these investments, in spite of the same phosphate-bonded SiO2-type investment. A significant correlation was obtained between the thermal expansion (at 350 degrees C) and the casting accuracy.
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PMID:Casting pure titanium into commercial phosphate-bonded SiO2 investment molds. 217 47

The thermal expansion of a phosphate-bonded investment material was tested when three heating rates were used during the heating procedure. One of them was too low, one too high, and the third, in the middle. The examination was done through the fit of 12 MOD inlays and 12 full crowns in steel master dies. From the results it can be concluded that rates that are too fast must be avoided in the heating procedure, because they reduce the thermal expansion of the phosphate-bonded investment material and thus produce castings with limited fit.
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PMID:Influence of heating rate in thermal expansion of dental phosphate-bonded investment material. 218 45

An altered mineral metabolism has been described both in insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. In order to investigate if a disturbed mineral homeostasis was an early feature in the development of diabetes, 52 middle-aged men who all had recently developed an impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were compared to healthy control persons. The IGT subjects showed higher levels of serum calcium (2.38 +/- 0.081 mmol/l (SD) vs 2.35 +/- 0.065 in controls) but similar levels of plasma ionized calcium indicating an increased protein binding of serum calcium in IGT. Serum magnesium was significantly lower in the IGT subjects (0.79 +/- 0.060 mmol/l vs 0.85 +/- 0.065, p less than 0.001) while serum phosphate was unaltered. This study demonstrates indices of an impaired mineral metabolism in IGT subjects similar in characteristics to what has previously been reported in manifest diabetes mellitus suggesting that an alteration of mineral homeostasis could be part of a primary event.
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PMID:Indices of mineral metabolism in subjects with an impaired glucose tolerance. 227 19

We evaluated the effects of phenobarbital, an inducer, on plasma glucose and serum immunoreactive insulin levels and on hepatic glucose and drug metabolism using an animal model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, characterized by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, fatty liver and obesity were selected. The impairment of diabetic state with age was associated with increased activities of NADPH producing enzymes, whereas mixed function oxidase system remained unaltered. Phenobarbital reduced serum immunoreactive insulin and plasma glucose levels and decreased gluconeogenesis. Hepatic glucose phosphorylating enzyme activity increased and glucose releasing enzyme activity decreased. The demand for NADPH in drug oxidation reactions, caused by the induction phenomenon, was reflected in the elevated activities of the NADPH producing enzymes in pentose phosphate pathway and in the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme from mitochondrial oxidation reactions. Glucose metabolism of lean littermates indicated that phenobarbital induction normalizes impaired intracellular glucose handling but leaves normal glucose metabolism unaltered. Hepatic glucose production rate was related to plasma glucose, NADPH producing enzyme activities and cytochrome P450 content in the obese and lean mice.
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PMID:Effects of enzyme induction therapy on glucose and drug metabolism in obese mice model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. 250 Oct 61

Threshold load tests have shown that the fatigue strength of Class I composite fillings may be increased up to 150 N by the application of a base material. This effect varied only with the consistency of the composite, not with the type of base material used. However, differences were found in the depths at which losses of marginal adaptation occurred: where glass ionomer cement base (polyalkenoate) was used, marginal leakage demonstrated by pigment penetration tests stopped at the interface between filling and base, while in those cases where phosphate cement was used as base material, pigment penetration was shown to extend down to the floor of the cavity. Mesiodistal sections through Class II MOD restorations with the same combinations of materials after 24 hours of storage in pigment solutions and without loading revealed that a close marginal fit in the area of the cervical step can be obtained with the use of glass ionomer cement as base material. In contrast to this observation the use of phosphate cement as base material is associated with marginal leakage down to the area of the floor of the cavity in about one half of the restorations.
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PMID:[Fatigue strength and marginal adaptation of composite fillings]. 263 40

The effect of mild, non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) on bone calcification and calcium (Ca) homeostasis was studied in growing rats (males and females). The diabetic state was characterized by mild insulin deficiency, plasma levels being 73% of controls, and mild hyperglycemia, with nonfasting plasma glucose levels of 1.5 times normal. There was no difference in plasma levels of Ca, phosphate (Pi), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcitonin, 25-(OH)vitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25[OH]2D) between the NIDDM rats and their controls of either sex. Metabolic Ca and Pi balance studies revealed that the experimental animals of both sexes were in positive Ca and Pi balance similar to that of their controls. Histologic studies of the kidney and intestinal slices from the experimental group were normal. Ca and Pi bone content calculated per gram bone ash of the femur, mandible, and second and fourth caudal vertebrae, and the organic content in the bones of the NIDDM animals showed no difference from their controls. Femur bone density and tibial epiphyseal growth plate width and morphology were similar histologically in the experimental and control rats. No decreased osteoid content in the tibial bone was found in the diabetic rats compared with controls. Physiologic sex differences, consisting of lower plasma Pi, higher plasma calcitonin levels, increased ratio of femur dry bone weight to total body weight, and increased percentage of mineralized and total bone volume at the tibial metaphysis seen in female compared with male control rats were also seen in the diabetic animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bone calcification and calcium homeostasis in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozocin. 397 85

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) was obtained in adult rats following a neonatal streptozotocin injection. Rats with NIDDM exhibited slightly lowered plasma insulin, slightly elevated basal plasma glucose values (less than 200 mg/dl), and low pancreatic insulin stores (50% of the controls). Insulin secretion was studied in this model using the isolated perfused pancreas technique. Insulin response to glucose stimulation over the range 5.5-22 mM was lacking, thus indicating complete loss of B-cell sensitivity to glucose. Even in presence of theophylline, the B-cells remained insensitive to glucose. In contrast, glyceraldehyde elicited an insulin release as important as that obtained in the control pancreata. This could possibly suggest that the B-cell dysfunction in rats with NIDDM involves a block in glucose metabolism in the early steps of glycolysis prior to the triose-phosphate. Mannose stimulated insulin secretion less in the diabetics than in the controls. The insulin secretion obtained in response to isoproterenol indicated that the ability of the adenylcyclase to generate cAMP in the B-cells of the diabetics was not decreased. The insulinotropic actions of acetylcholine and tolbutamide were normal and increased, respectively, as compared with the controls. In the absence of glucose, the B-cells of the diabetics were unexpectedly hypersensitive to arginine and leucine. The alpha-ketoisocaproate effect in the diabetics was not significantly different from that obtained in the controls. The possibility that enhancement of insulin response to leucine in the diabetics might be related to a more active conversion of leucine to ketoisocaproate along the first steps of intraislet leucine metabolism is proposed.
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PMID:Glucose insensitivity and amino-acid hypersensitivity of insulin release in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. A study with the perfused pancreas. 634 Nov 28


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