Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on growth of GH4C1 rat pituitary tumor cells was investigated under serum-free conditions and with medium containing charcoal-extracted serum. Serum-free TRM-1 medium was a 1:1 (vol/vol) mixture of F12-DME supplemented with 50 micrograms/ml gentamicin, 15 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, 10 micrograms/ml insulin, 10 micrograms/ml transferrin, 10 ng/ml selenous acid, 10 nM 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 50 microM ethanolamine, and 500 micrograms/ml bovine serum albumin. The cells grew continuously in TRM-1 but were E2 responsive only when growth was retarded by reducing the T3 concentration to 10 pM (TRM-MOD). Addition of 1 to 10 nM E2 to TRM-MOD increased growth by 0.3 to 0.9 cell population doublings over controls in 9 d. By using medium supplemented with charcoal-extracted sera, basal growth became 1 to 1.5 cell population doublings in 9 d. Addition of 0.1 pM E2 to medium containing charcoal-extracted serum caused a significant increase in cell number whereas pM-nM concentrations stimulated 200 to 570% increases over controls. The effect of steroid hormone was the same in phenol-red-containing and indicator-free medium. The data presented confirm that the major requirements for demonstration of estrogenic effects in culture were optimum concentrations of thyroid hormones and the presence of yet-to-be-characterized serum factors.
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PMID:Rat pituitary tumor cells in serum-free culture. II. Serum factor and thyroid hormone requirements for estrogen-responsive growth. 292 Dec 32

Resolution of selenium-containing proteins synthesized by mouse mammary gland cells was achieved using the technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Radioactive selenium as H2[75Se]O3 was incorporated into relatively few proteins within mammary gland cells maintained in vitro and cells of mammary gland tissue in vivo. The pattern of selenoproteins obtained was identical qualitatively between a nontumorigenic differentiated cell line, COMMA-D, and a tumorigenic cell line, MOD. Eleven selenoproteins ranging in molecular weight from 12,000-78,000 were detected and a total of 25 spots were visible indicating charge heterogeneity of some of the proteins. A major selenoprotein (Mr 26,000) migrated identically with the subunit form of glutathione peroxidase, a well-characterized protein containing four selenocysteine residues. Other major selenoproteins had molecular weights of 58,000, 22,000, 18,000, and 14,000. Analysis of the total cellular protein extract and of each of the five major proteins indicated that selenium was incorporated as selenocysteine in the proteins. Incorporation of selenium as selenomethionine into cellular proteins was detected only when selenomethionine was provided in the culture medium. Cleavage of 75Se-labeled proteins with N-chlorosuccinimide produced polypeptides of different molecular weights indicating that the Mr 58,000, 26,000, and 22,000 selenoproteins were dissimilar in the amino acid sequences containing the selenoamino acid. The pattern of selenoproteins of mammary gland cells in vivo was similar to that obtained for cells in culture and most other tissues in vivo. These results provide evidence for the presence of multiple selenium-containing proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The possible significance of these proteins in selenium-mediated inhibition of cell growth awaits future clarification.
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PMID:Distribution of selenoproteins in mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. 294 39

ATN is a deleterious problem in the outcome of kidney transplantation. This complication is usually related to multiple factors including donor parameters, surgical technique, ischemic time, and recipient variables. In order to develop prophylactic measures, out of 430 kidney transplants performed in our Department, a series of 90 consecutive cadaveric renal allografts has been considered in this study. The overall incidence of IGNF was 23/90 (25.5%). Kidneys from MOD revealed a lower rate of IGNF (7/35 = 20%) when compared with organs from SOD (16/55 = 29%, P = NS). No difference was noted when kidneys were removed together with heart and/or liver and/or pancreas. Out of the donor factors, only CID was significant (17 +/- 9 hours in IGNF v 11 +/- 10 hours in patients with IGF, P = less than .05). Analysis of data concerning the fate of paired kidneys revealed two cases of IGNF in both kidneys from the same donor v 14 cases of IGNF in only one of the two paired grafts (P = NS). We conclude that: 1. Donor factors are clearly associated with a minority of IGNF. 2. The introduction of multiorgan procurement programs does not complicate early function. 3. Recipient factors (immunological events and intraoperative fluid management) provides important additive effects on initial graft nonfunction.
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PMID:The role of donor and recipient factors in initial renal graft non-function. 305 18

This study investigated the effect of polymerization shrinkage of posterior composite (Herculite) on the dimensions and fracture strength of human maxillary premolars with a phosphonate-ester DBA (Bondlite) and a second DBA comprised of 4-META with MMA/TBB (Superbond). The individual role of etched enamel and nonetched dentin bonding was also studied with high-copper amalgam used as a control. Two sizes of preparation isthmus were designated for evaluation of the effect of the polymerization contraction on weakened teeth. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. Narrow intracoronal tooth preparations were significantly stronger than wider, expansive preparations. There was no difference among the narrow isthmus preparations restored with amalgam or acid etching and composite. 2. There was a significant expansion in tooth dimension when MOD cavities were restored with amalgam. 3. Teeth with narrow isthmus preparations using composite bonded with Bondlite adhesive to etched enamel demonstrated a significant contraction compared with Superbond DBA. 4. Composite restorations using Superbond DBA in wide MOD cavities significantly improved the fracture strength of maxillary premolars. 5. Superbond DBA with composite restorations benefited the tooth in dimensional change and fracture strength. 6. There was a positive correlation between the fracture strength and tooth dimension.
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PMID:Cuspal deformation and fracture resistance of teeth with dentin adhesives and composites. 305 37

Methionine and serine in combination enhanced the inhibitory effect of selenite on cell growth and DNA synthesis of the MOD mammary epithelial cell line. These amino acids also increased the levels of a 58-kd selenoprotein which has been correlated with selenite's effects in previous studies. The use of the amino acids accelerated the onset of inhibition of DNA synthesis by selenite and increased the rate of actual selenoprotein synthesis. The mechanism of enhancement of selenite's effects was possibly due to the amino acids increasing the levels of essential precursors (i.e. seryltRNA(UGA), HSe-) needed for selenoprotein synthesis.
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PMID:Serine and methionine enhancement of selenite inhibition of DNA synthesis in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line. 313 18

Two highly selenite sensitive cell lines with different growth rates were used to evaluate the effect of cell growth phase on selenite retention, selenite distribution, selenite inhibition of DNA synthesis and presence of selenoproteins. Autoradiography of log and confluent phase MOD cells revealed a uniform retention of selenite in log phase cells and a marked lack of uniformity of selenite retention in confluent phase cells. A higher total percentage of selenite was retained and covalently incorporated into proteins by confluent phase cells. Levels of the 58K selenoprotein, but not the 26K and 23K selenoproteins, were higher in confluent versus log phase cells. The results suggest that the 58K selenoprotein accumulated in cell populations where DNA synthesis was inhibited in contrast to cells actively undergoing cell proliferation. In addition, the 58K selenoprotein was the only major selenoprotein present in both log and confluent phase cells during and before inhibition of DNA synthesis. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of potential combination chemoprevention protocols in animal tumor experiments.
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PMID:Selenite distribution in log and confluent growth phase murine mammary epithelial cells. 320 41

The effects of tray treatments on the accuracy of dies from addition silicone impressions were investigated. Tray treatments included custom acrylic resin tray with adhesive, perforated custom acrylic resin tray without adhesive, and perforated custom acrylic resin tray with adhesive. No appreciable differences were found in the complete crowns among the three tray treatments on the first pours. Significant statistical differences observed in the MOD and occlusal inlays were nonetheless of questionable clinical significance. Adhesives are advisable if the impressions are poured repeatedly, however, to minimize accidental separation of the impression from the tray. The second casts were less accurate with complete crowns and MOD inlays when perforated trays were used without adhesives.
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PMID:Comparing effects of tray treatment on the accuracy of dies. 330 83

Many tissues from wild type mice express cytosolic malic enzyme activity and contain two mRNAs (2.0 and 3.1 kilobases (kb)) that encode a single 64-kDa malic enzyme subunit polypeptide. MOD-1 null mutant mice lack cytosolic malic enzyme activity but express 2.5- and 3.6-kb mRNAs that hybridize with wild type malic enzyme cDNAs and are induced in liver by a starvation/carbohydrate refeeding regimen. To investigate the basis of the MOD-1 null mutation, a lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed using mRNA from the livers of induced MOD-1 null mice as a template. A recombinant phage with a 2-kb insert was isolated by screening with wild type malic enzyme cDNA probes. The subcloned insert exhibited an atypical (non-wild type) restriction pattern and was subjected to sequence analysis. MOD-1 null malic enzyme cDNA contains an internal tandemly duplicated sequence that corresponds to nucleotides 1027-1548 in the coding region of wild type murine malic enzyme cDNA (Bagchi, S., Wise, L. S., Brown, M. L., Bregman, D., Sul, H. S., and Rubin, C. S. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1558-1565). An open reading frame is retained throughout the duplicated sequence. The discovery of a 522-nucleotide in-frame duplication accounts for the increased size of MOD-1 null malic enzyme mRNAs and suggests that a variant malic enzyme polypeptide that is 19 kDa larger than the wild type subunit might be found in mutant mice. Western immunoblot analysis disclosed that MOD-1 null liver cytosol contains an 82-kDa protein that is recognized by anti-malic enzyme antibodies. Under stringent conditions, an anti-sense 32P-oligonucleotide that spans the abnormal junction between the reiterated sequences hybridized with the 2.5 and 3.6-kb MOD-1 null malic enzyme mRNAs but failed to form stable complexes with wild type malic enzyme mRNAs. Thus, both MOD-1 null malic enzyme mRNAs contain the duplication deduced from cDNA sequence analyses. The MOD-1 null mutation might originate from an unequal crossover between homologous regions of two different introns in the malic enzyme gene, thereby causing the duplication of one or more exons.
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PMID:The molecular basis for a cytosolic malic enzyme null mutation. Malic enzyme mRNA from MOD-1 null mice contains an internal in-frame duplication that extends the coding sequence by 522 nucleotides. 334 58

Forty extracted molar teeth were stored in saline. After MOD cavities were prepared and the dimensions of each cavity recorded, the teeth were restored with either a microfine or hybrid composite in conjunction with a dentine adhesive. Cusp movements were recorded from two linear variable displacement transducers attached to the cusps. Three types of movement were identified, one in which the opposing cusps moved towards one another, the second where no movement occurred at all, and the third where both cusps moved in the same direction. The degree of movement observed with the microfine material was nearly double that recorded with the hybrid. The movement appeared to relate to the polymerization shrinkage values of the materials and to the failure of the adhesive bond between the tooth and the composite-adhesive complex.
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PMID:Cusp movement in molar teeth using dentine adhesives and composite filling materials. 342 46

Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine were investigated in depression-model rats produced by long-term forced running stress. Changes in the spontaneous running activity and the concentration and turnover of catecholamine were examined in non-stressed rats injected with saline and depression-model rats injected with saline, imipramine and MOD-20 (a candidate for a tetracyclic antidepressant). Running activity was significantly restored by injection of imipramine and MOD-20. In depression-model rats, the concentrations of central catecholamine increased in the cell bodies and nerve terminals of the ascending noradrenaline system, and turnover rates of the catecholamine decreased in the terminal region. The increased concentrations were returned to the non-stressed level after injection of the drugs. However, decreased turnover rates were not recovered after the injection. These results suggested that MOD-20 was a potent antidepressant and the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants might be due to the restoration of catecholamine concentrations.
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PMID:Effect of antidepressant on behavior and central catecholamine of depression-model rats. 345 75


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