Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The resistance of the cavity walls of non-vital premolars to vertically applied occlusal forces was studied. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared, restored, and vertical forces were applied to each of the cuspal tips by the Instron machine. Results suggest that bevelled etched-enamel margins and dentine-bonded posterior composite resin restorations significantly improved (by 33%) the resistance of the remaining cavity walls compared to amalgam restorations. In a control group, in which no restorations were carried out in the prepared cavities, the resistance of the walls was significantly smaller than in both restored groups.
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PMID:The effect of posterior composite restorations on the resistance of cavity walls to vertically applied occlusal loads. 229 75

"Receptogram Analysis" has been developed as a pattern-oriented approach for predicting endocrine response in breast cancer based upon quantification of the estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ERICA), using a Quantimet Imaging System. Response prediction was evaluated in 58 stage III and IV patients receiving endocrine therapy (primarily Tamoxifen). The Receptogram is a composite of the univariate distributions of nuclear receptor content, IOD(S), and concentration (MOD), and their bivariate contour plot; where (S) is the calculated nuclear radius in section. MOD distributions were classified into four types based upon peak modality and kurtosis (I-IV), and contour plots were classified into four subtypes (A-D) based upon contour slope. Patients failing therapy were ERICA--or their receptogram revealed co-existent ER+ and ER- tumor cells (type II), highly skewed MOD distributions lacking defined peaks (type IV), or contours with nearly horizontal slope (type C). Response was realized in 9/16 type I patients, with a single positive MOD peak, and in 9/15 type III patients, with discrete, multimodal MOD peaks. In contrast, 0/8 type II, 0/12 type IV, and 0/10 type C patients were responders. Receptogram analysis was superior to cytosol assay (DCC) as a response discriminant: positive predictive value, 53% vs. 33%; negative predictive value, 100% vs. 75%; sensitivity, 100% vs. 83%; specificity, 68% vs. 23%; and accuracy, 78% vs. 41%, respectively. Alternately, patients were assigned to potentially responsive or non-responsive groups based upon thresholded mean receptor parameters: field MOD, mean nuclear MOD (NMOD), and mean NMOD(PF) where PF is the ER+ nuclear fraction. While these parameters correlated with DCC (r = .72, 0.69, and 0.69), they were only marginally better in predictive value.
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PMID:Quantitative imaging of immunocytochemical (PAP) estrogen receptor staining patterns in breast cancer sections. 234 Jul 73

Previous studies of setting expansion of gypsum-bonded investments have not examined how wax patterns expand with time. The purpose of this study was to provide a method of measuring wax patterns during the setting reaction. Ten MOD inlay wax patterns were invested individually in plastic casting rings and imaged at specific intervals on a stage on which both the rings and xeroradiographic cassettes were fixed. Distances between the axiogingival proximal walls, axiopulpal proximal walls, and axial walls were measured at each interval. Reproducibility of measurements of xeroradiographic images was about 0.3%. After setting, the wax was burned out, and the rings were cooled to room temperature and cast in a Bi-Sn alloy that did not shrink upon solidification. The castings were measured and the means compared with the means of xeroradiographic measurements. There was no significant difference between the expansion means of the axiogingival or axiopulpal dimensions measured by casting or xeroradiographically (p greater than 0.05, two-tailed t test). Significant differences (p less than 0.05) were seen between means of the axial expansion measured by castings and xeroradiographically, suggesting the formation of a void at the proviral walls of the wax patterns. All horizontal expansion occurred between two and 22 min from the start of mix.
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PMID:Xeroradiographic determination of effective setting expansion of a cristobalite investment. 237 92

Immunocytochemical and in vivo transplantation methods were used to study the characteristics of a series of newly developed mammary epithelial cell lines. These mouse mammary cell lines were derived from mid-pregnant primiparous BALB/c female mice and were routinely grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum, insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor, and selenite. Of the 6 cell lines, 1 cell line, COMMA-D, produced normal and preneoplastic mammary outgrowths when it was transplanted into mammary fat pads of syngeneic mice. One cell line, MOD, produced only mammary adenocarcinomas. The other 4 cell lines, COMMA-F, COMMA-T, MOMA-1, and MOMA-2, produced neither normal nor neoplastic outgrowths. Immunocytochemical staining with polyclonal antibodies to keratin and vimentin intermediate filament proteins revealed that 5 of the 6 cell lines were epithelial. The sixth cell line, MOMA-2, was apparently of fibroblastic origin. The COMMA-D cell line was unique compared to the other cell lines with respect to several characteristics. The cell line was morphologically heterogeneous as determined by phase-contrast microscopy, cytologically heterogeneous as determined by immunocytochemical staining, and heterogeneous with respect to DNA content. Finally, the full morphogenic potential of COMMA-D included not only normal mammary ductal and preneoplastic mammary alveolar outgrowths but also adenocarcinomas and fibrosarcomas. The expression of this morphogenic potential upon transplantation in vivo was drastically diminished after passage 14. The significance of the cellular heterogeneity with respect to expression of mammary-specific morphogenesis is not understood at this time; however, conceivably, the observed heterogeneity reflects an essential requirement for morphogenesis in vivo. The transplantation and immunocytochemical characteristics provide the descriptive basis for further studies on these cell lines to determine the cell lineages involved in morphogenesis and preneoplastic transformation in vivo.
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PMID:Properties of mouse mammary epithelial cell lines characterized by in vivo transplantation and in vitro immunocytochemical methods. 242 37

The subcellular and macromolecular distribution of 75Se-selenite was determined in murine mammary epithelial cell lines which demonstrated marked differences in their growth response to 5 microM selenite. MOD cells responded sooner to the inhibitory effects of selenite than COMMA-D cells. The MOD cells also incorporated a slightly higher percentage of 75Se-selenite into proteins and attained a higher ratio of selenoprotein to selenonucleic acids than did COMMA-D cells. Most selenium and selenoproteins were located in the cytoplasm as revealed by autoradiography and subcellular fractionations. These data suggest that a cytoplasmic selenoprotein may be an intermediate for selenite's nontoxic growth inhibitory effects.
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PMID:Selenium distribution in mammary epithelial cells reveals its possible mechanism of inhibition of cell growth. 245 95

The ability of empirical formulae to predict K.t/V based on the ratio (R) of the postdialysis (Ct) to predialysis (Co) plasma urea nitrogen levels was tested. In 256 patients, 336 three-point modeling sessions were performed. The K.t/V and NPCR were derived by interative solution of equations for V and G according to the variable volume single-pool model. The modeled K.t/V values were compared to K.t/V predicted from the formula: K.t/V = -ln (R - 0.008.t-UF/W), where R is the Ct/Co ratio, t the session length (h), UF the ultrafiltrate volume (liters) and W the postdialysis weight (kg). Further, the ratio-derived K.t/V was used in conjunction with the Gotch nomogram for 3/week dialysis to estimate NPCR (NPCR-R/N); the latter value was compared to the NPCR from standard 3-point modeling (NPCR-MOD). The two K.t/V values were quite similar, although statistically separable: modeled K.t/V, 0.97 +/- 0.22 (SD), ratio-derived K.t/V 0.96 +/- 0.23, p less than 0.001. The mean percent error was -0.73% +/- 2.5 (range - 11 to + 4.8), and the correlation coefficient was 0.994, slope 1.01, int -0.016. Modifications of the prediction formula which incorporated UF/V instead of UF/W, and/or which weighted the UF/V term according to the expected K.t/V, produced only slight improvement in accuracy. The two values of NPCR were less similar, but still highly correlated: NPCR-MOD, 1.04 +/- 0.26 g/kg/day, NPCR-R/N, 0.94 +/- 0.23, p less than 0.001; mean percent error, - 8.2 +/- 16; r = 0.78, slope = 0.68, int = 0.23.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The post: pre dialysis plasma urea nitrogen ratio to estimate K.t/V and NPCR: validation. 237 73

In order to improve the accuracy of the three dimensional shape measurement, the divisional measurement method, which tilts and rotates the abutment teeth was attempted. This system is composed of a high precision laser displacement meter, teeth model scanning machine and personal computer. For the measurement of a crown abutment tooth with indistinct margin lines, the measuring area was divided into four regions of the mesio-distal sides and the buccal-lingual sides. The tooth was tilted on the gonio stage +/- 30 degrees around the mesio and distal direction, rotated 180 degrees around the tooth axis, and measured divisionally. The partial data thus obtained were combined by means of the software program into the composed data. Using this method of measurement, the margin of the abutment tooth was recognizable, and the faulted data, which arose from shielding of the receiving beam, was eliminated. Overlapping data from divisional measurements were deducted and the complete data for the single abutment tooth was saved into a file. In the case of a MOD inlay abutment tooth, the divisional measurements with only rotation were carried out, since each curved wall makes nearly a square angle and sharp boundary. A couple of data sets were combined and complete data without error was obtained. Thus, measurements of abutment teeth were obtained without error. It is possible to get the basic data for the production of crown and inlay by means of CAM technique.
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PMID:[Three dimensional shape measurement of teeth (3). The divisional measurement method of abutment teeth]. 249 Nov 66

The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine, by the dye technique, the microleakage pattern of two posterior composite resin materials, alone or combined with three commercially available dentin bonding agents. Composite resins used were P-30 (3M) and Heliomolar (Vivadent). The bonding agents were Gluma (Bayer), Scotch-bond LC (3M) and Dentin Adhesit (Vivadent). MOD cavities were prepared on extracted posterior teeth with a 330 tungsten carbide bur, in an airtor handpiece. The gingival floor of the mesial surface was located in the enamel above the CEJ and the distal gingival floor in the cementum below the CEJ. Specimens were thermocycled between 4 degrees and 60 degrees C for fifty cycles of two minutes each and imbibed for 10 hours in a 2% basic fuchsin solution and split in two halves. According to the results we obtained we came to the conclusion that: Both composite resins exhibited significant microleakage when they were used alone, without bonding agent. The gingival floor of the mesial surface (located in the enamel) exhibited in most specimens, less microleakage than the distal one. The use of bonding agents decreased but not eliminated the microleakage at the gingival floor of the cavities.
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PMID:[Effect of bonding agents in the degree of microleakage around posterior composite resin restorations]. 251 58

One hundred and twenty caries-free molar teeth were stored in saline. Three types of cavities were prepared in these teeth: conventional MOD, parallel-sided MOD with no buccal or lingual extensions, and a slit cavity. Cavity dimensions were recorded. Each group of teeth were restored with either a microfine or conventional composite, used in conjunction with a dentine adhesive. Cusp movement was recorded via two linear variable displacement transducers attached to the cusps. Using dye penetration studies, the marginal adaptation of the material to the teeth was assessed. In a small number of cases, the amount and type of cuspal movement and the degree of dye penetration was variable, depending on cavity design and the composite used, but generally cusp movement was unaffected by variation in cavity outline.
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PMID:Cusp movement of molar teeth with composite filling materials in conventional and modified MOD cavities. 252 8

In this article, we first report the development of a new test for detecting specific circulating immune complexes (SCIC) in the sera of leprosy patients: This test was named monoclonal antibody specific binding assay (McAb/SBA). We screened for SCIC (PGLI-IgG, PGLI-IgM) in 200 serum batches from 140 leprosy patients, 20 tuberculosis patients and 40 normal controls, and compared the McAb/SBA with PGL1/ELISA. The results indicated that: 1) McAb/SBA was highly sensitive (90%) and specific (95%). Its Youden's Index was 90. Except for its specificity of 95%, the sensitivity (85%) and Youden's Index (85) of the PGL1/ELISA test were lower than those of McAB/SBA; 2) The positive rate (34/40) in paucibacillary patients using McAb/SBA was higher than that (28/40) in PGL1/ELISA; 3) The increase and decline of MOD values in McAb/SBA were associated with BI. McAb/SBA is a new method for detecting SCIC (PGL1-IgG, PGL1-IgM) in the sera of leprosy patients, and it is more sensitive than PGL1-ELISA.
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PMID:[Detection of specific circulating immune complexes in leprosy patients by mouse monoclonal antibody against phenolic glycolipid-I]. 253 76


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