Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The question was investigated whether mitochondria in the mammalian skeletal muscle fiber syncytium incorporate gene products encoded by one or many nuclei. Mouse chimeras were produced from strains which differ in their electrophoretic variants of the nuclear-coded mitochondrial protein, malic enzyme (MOD-2, E.C. 1.1.1.40, L-malate NADP+ oxidoreductase decarboxylating). The MOD-2 phenotypes of skeletal muscles of these chimeras were characterized in a starch gel electrophoretic system. The results indicate that individual mitochondria can contain products encoded by multiple nuclei and therefore that, for skeletal muscle mitochondria, the cell is not subdivided into nuclear territories. Possible mechanisms of gene product distribution in skeletal muscle fibers are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Mitochondrial malic enzyme in mosaic skeletal muscle of mouse chimeras. 54 12

The frequency of HLA BW54 and B5 in Japanese patients with JOD is increased and decreased, respectively. In JOD patients without a family history of MOD, the frequency of BW54 is significantly increased, whereas in JOD patients with a positive family history the frequency was not increased in a statistically significant manner.
 ...
PMID:HLA BW54 and B5 in Japanese diabetics with juvenile-onset and insulin-dependency (with special reference to the family history). 65 66

All patients examined [52] with malignant disease of the female genital tract showed lymphocyte reactions to encephalitogenic factor (EF) of more than 10% as measured by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test and its modification (MOD-MEM). Whilst 13 patients with non-malignant disease of the genital tract and 30 normals showed lymphocyte reaction to EF of less than 6%, 4 patients with nonmalignant gynaecological disease gave values above the 10% limit. The lymphocyte reactions of this latter group of patients were discussed with respect to their previous clinical histories. Some of the malignant cases were carcinoma of the cervix in situ so that the MEM test would appear to be of value in the early diagnosis of cancer. The need for caution in the interpretation of results is discussed as well as further possible applications of the technique.
 ...
PMID:Macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test in malignant gynaecological diseases. 77 34

We have investigated, with and without the influence of X-inactivation, the relationship between autosomal gene-dosage and gene-product in a mammalian system, the mouse. The gene was mitochondrial malic enzyme (Mod-2), shown to lie on Chromosome 7 between the albino (c) and shaker-1 (sh-1) loci, and the enzyme was its product, mitochondrial malic enzyme (MOD-2). Gene duplication, with and without the influence of X-inactivation, was achieved using a translocation that involves the insertion of a portion of Chr 7, including Mod-2, into the X, T(X;7)1Ct. A 1:1 relationship for Mod-2 dosage and MOD-2 activity was found in heart mitochondria. Evidence of X-inactivation of Mod-2 was noted in heart and kidney preparations from females carrying a Mod-2 duplication (one copy of Mod-2 in the X and two copies of Mod-2 on Chr 7). We conclude that the expression of an autosomal locus attached to X-chromatin depends upon whether the translocation is in a balanced or unbalanced state.
 ...
PMID:Influence of gene duplication and X-inactivation on mouse mitochondrial malic enzyme activity and electrophoretic patterns. 86 37

A protocol has been developed for rapid isolation of albumin from rabbit or bovine serum. It is based on the use of microporous plastic silica sheets that have been fabricated into rapid flow-through devices called ACTI-MOD cartridges. In the first step, the untreated silica plastic matrix binds a major portion of the non-albumin protein. A second step, using an ACTI-MOD anion-exchange quaternary amine, further purifies and concentrates the albumin. At this stage, the albumin appears to be at least ninety-nine per cent pure based on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.
 ...
PMID:Rapid isolation of serum albumin using microporous PVC/silica cartridges. 131 42

70 patients of dentist's surgery were given MOD amalgam fillings (non-gamma-2 amalgam) for molars. They were allocated for comparison to four groups defined by their treatment, i.e. the number of old and new restorations and whether a rubber dam was used. Blood and urine samples were collected at regular intervals before and during a 14-day period after treatment and tested for mercury concentration (Hg). Over the observation period the groups with the highest exposure (1-2 old restorations replaced by new ones) showed a tendency, in contrast to the less exposed groups (1 new filling with or without dam), towards increases (p less than 0.10) in group average Hg values of approx. 0.2 microgram/L (blood) and 0.3 microgram/g creatinine (urine) as acute treatment effects. The highest values recorded before and after the treatment, 3.3 micrograms/L (blood) and 16.5 micrograms/L (urine) are higher than normal but do not indicate any increase in the risk to health especially if they are not persistent.
 ...
PMID:[Mercury concentration in blood and urine--before and after the placement of dental amalgam fillings]. 138 18

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate dentin adhesion after cementation of immediate direct "All Purpose" Hybrid (AP.H) composite inlays (Dentsply) and Cerec Dicor-MGC (Dentsply) inlays with the dentin adhesive Prisma Universal Bond 2 (Dentsply) and the dual-curing Dicor-MGC luting composite (Dentsply). In 24 extracted human molars, standard MOD cavities were prepared with one approximal margin located in enamel and the other one located in dentin. They were divided into four groups: (I) AP.H inlays, luting composite only, chemically cured; (II) AP.H inlays, luting composite, immediately-light-cured; (III) AP.H inlays, luting composite, initially chemically and delayed-light-cured (15 min); and (IV) MGC inlays, luting composite, initially chemically and delayed-light-cured (15 min). In vitro load cycles corresponding to five years of clinical stress followed. Initially and after specimens were loaded, the margins were analyzed quantitatively by SEM. The tooth/cement and cement/inlay interfaces were scored separately. The initial percentages of "continuous margin"--at both the tooth/luting composite and luting composite/inlay interfaces--were higher than 94% for all groups. At the end of the load cycles, the quality of the margins at the tooth/luting composite interface significantly decreased for all groups. The highest decrease was found for the cervical margins located in dentin, where only 37%-61% were scored as "continuous margin". The AP.H inlay/luting composite interface showed almost no change. At the MGC inlay/luting composite interface, the percentage of "continuous margin" decreased to 74%. After specimens were loaded, the percentage of "continuous margin" in dentin was lower than in enamel, despite the use of a dentin bonding agent (PUB 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of cement-curing modes on dentin bonding of inlays. 140 49

The aim of this study was to determine whether exercise training produces a myocardium intrinsically more tolerant to ischemic-reperfusion injury. Male Fischer 344 rats were treadmill trained for 11-16 wk at one of the following intensities: LOW (20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day), moderate (MOD; 30 m/min, 5% grade, 60 min/day) or intensive (INT; 10 bouts of alternating 2-min runs at 16 and 60 m/min, 5% grade). Cardiac function was evaluated both before and after 25 min of global, zero-flow ischemia in the isolated, working heart model. Compared to hearts from sedentary (SED) rats, postischemic cardiac output (CO) and work were significantly higher in all trained groups. Percent recovery of CO (relative to preischemia) was 36.0 +/- 7.1 in SED and 61.2 +/- 6.5, 68.1 +/- 9.3, and 73.2 +/- 5.0 in LOW, MOD, and INT, respectively. Postischemic increases in stroke volume with increased preload and cardiac work at high work load were significantly higher in INT compared with SED. Coronary flow during initial retrograde reperfusion was significantly enhanced with training and correlated with subsequent recovery of CO (R2 = 0.613). Furthermore, trained hearts had higher phosphocreatine (P less than 0.05) and ATP (P less than 0.01) contents after 45 min reperfusion. It is concluded that exercise training results in an intrinsic myocardial adaptation, allowing greater recovery of cardiac pump function after global ischemia in the isolated rat heart.
 ...
PMID:Exercise training improves cardiac function after ischemia in the isolated, working rat heart. 141 6

Differences in dietary fats cause differences in cholesterol metabolism in mice. CBA/J mice are resistant to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis; they adjust hepatic hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase activity (HMGR) to maintain homeostasis; C57BR/cdJ mice are susceptible, but young animals are thought to maintain homeostasis by changing fecal excretion of sterols. Compartmental modelling of movement of [4-14C]cholesterol was used to analyze movement of cholesterol between serum and liver, heart, and carcass in mice fed 40 en% fat, polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (P/S) = 0.24 (US74) or 30 en% fat, P/S = 1 (MOD). Dietary effects were quite pronounced, while strain effects were more subdued. The C57/cdJ animals appear to regulate the overall cholesterol balance by reducing synthesis, as do the CBA/J animals, even though synthesis is not reduced to the same degree as in the CBA/J animals. Both diet and strain influence the whole-animal turnover rate, with slower turnover occurring for C57BR/cdJ animals and animals fed the US74 diet.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dietary fat on cholesterol movement between tissues in CBA/J and C57BR/cdJ mice. 146 45

The purpose of this study was to investigate benzocyclobutene (BCB) derivatives as non-toxic curing agents to replace accelerated sulfur systems in certain synthetic biomedical materials. Prototype artificial spinal discs have been made and implanted in a few patients from a carbon black-filled copolymer of 1-hexene and 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene (MHD), which is sulfur cured. The polymers investigated in this study were composed of 1-hexene, allyl-BCB, and MHD (or 7-methyl-1,6-octadiene, MOD). Curing was effected through reactions on BCB, forming carbon-carbon crosslinks. Preliminary cytotoxicity tests showed the material to be non-toxic, and the physical and mechanical properties of the BCB-cured materials were comparable with those of the sulfur-cured polymers.
 ...
PMID:A new, non-toxic, curing agent for synthetic polyolefins. 147 11


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>