Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (
type 2 diabetes
)
57,723
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Children and adolescents who are overweight and have additional risk factors (ie, high-risk ethnic group or signs of insulin resistance) should be screened for diabetes every 2 years (strength of recommendation [
SOR
]: C). Management of
type 2 diabetes
in all age groups requires a multifactorial approach that addresses not only glycemic control (A1C <7%) but also other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity (
SOR
: A). Most patients with
type 2 diabetes
will eventually require combination therapy with 2 or more agents to attain and maintain glycemic control (
SOR
: A). Combining an insulin secretagogue (ie, sulfonylurea or meglitinide) and an insulin sensitizer (ie, metformin or a glitazone) capitalizes on unique mechanisms of action and results in significant A1C lowering (
SOR
: C). If a patient is unable to achieve glycemic control on 2 oral agents, insulin therapy is an appropriate consideration and should be added to oral agents (rather than substituted) (
SOR
: B).
...
PMID:Optimizing combination therapy for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and adults: a case-based approach. 1546 78
Elevated triglycerides are now considered an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and continue to be a major risk for acute pancreatitis, especially when levels exceed 1000 mg/dL (
SOR
: B). Elevated triglycerides are a component of atherogenic dyslipidemia and often signal the presence of other conditions (eg, metabolic syndrome,
type 2 diabetes
mellitus) associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (
SOR
: A). When evaluating a patient with elevated triglycerides, it is important to be cognizant of all atherogenic lipoproteins to more accurately determine the risk of coronary heart disease (
SOR
: C). Patients with hypertriglyceridemia should first achieve their low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal, followed by their non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal (
SOR
: C). Fibrates, niacin, and omega-3 acid ethyl esters are highly effective at reducing triglycerides, while statins are considered moderately efficacious (
SOR
: A).
...
PMID:Hypertriglyceridemia: management of atherogenic dyslipidemia. 1682 43
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is the first-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which hyperlipidemia and
type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) may often coexist. Protein transporters like organic cation (OCT) and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) are involved in the response to sorafenib, as well as in that to the anti-diabetic drug metformin or atorvastatin, used in hyperlipidemia. Changes in the activity of these transporters may lead to pharmacokinetic interactions, which are of clinical significance. The study aimed to assess the sorafenib-metformin and sorafenib-atorvastatin interactions in rats. The rats were divided into five groups (eight animals in each) that received sorafenib and atorvastatin (I
SOR+AT
), sorafenib and metformin (II
SOR+MET
), sorafenib (III
SOR
), atorvastatin (IV
AT
), and metformin (V
MET
). Atorvastatin significantly increased the maximum plasma concentration (C
max
) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of sorafenib by 134.4% (
p
< 0.0001) and 66.6% (
p
< 0.0001), respectively. Sorafenib, in turn, caused a significant increase in the AUC of atorvastatin by 94.0% (
p
= 0.0038) and its metabolites 2-hydroxy atorvastatin (
p
= 0.0239) and 4-hydroxy atorvastatin (
p
= 0.0002) by 55.3% and 209.4%, respectively. Metformin significantly decreased the AUC of sorafenib (
p
= 0.0065). The AUC ratio (II
SOR+MET
group/III
SOR
group) for sorafenib was equal to 0.6. Sorafenib did not statistically significantly influence the exposure to metformin. The pharmacokinetic interactions observed in this study may be of clinical relevance in HCC patients with coexistent hyperlipidemia or T2DM.
...
PMID:Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Sorafenib and Atorvastatin, and Sorafenib and Metformin in Rats. 3260 4
