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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity stands as a public health issue. Obesity prevalence is increasing throughout every industrialized country. Android obesity is linked with an increased cardiovascular mortality and with type 2 diabetes mellitis, thus calling for an early management of this disease. Several studies showed a significant association between an android fat distribution and an increased cortisol secretion, raising the still debated question of a causal relationship between the development of android obesity and hypercorticism. Moreover, android obese subjects exhibit reduced plasma testosterone and growth hormone levels, meaning complex hormonal abnormalities in these subjects. Current hypotheses suggest that android fat distribution depends on the association of these hormonal abnormalities. Android obese patients have supranormal free fatty acid plasma concentrations. Visceral fat tissue, through its portal drainage, could be an important source for free fatty acids that may exert complex metabolic effects: involvement in hepatic lipogenesis, increase in hepatic neoglucogenic flux, reduction in insulin metabolic clearance and involvement in peripheral insulin resistance through a competition mechanism described by Randle. Technics in vitro (isolated adipocytes) and in vivo in human (labelled fatty acid flux) showed that visceral fatty acid flux was increased in obese patients and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as opposed to common opinion, was also involved in free fatty acid pool in obese patients. Thus, visceral obesity and diabetes could be linked through an enhanced fatty acid availability from adipose tissues (visceral and subcutaneous) in otherwise genetically type 2 diabetes-prone individuals.
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PMID:[Metabolic difference between visceral fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat]. 1094 44

Background/Introduction: Using a mobile application (app) may improve diabetes self-management. However, the use of diabetes apps is low, possibly due to design and usability issues. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to app use among adult patients with diabetes who were testing diabetes apps for the first time. Materials and Methods: We conducted a content analysis of observation notes and patient comments collected during the testing of two top commercially available diabetes apps as part of a crossover randomized trial. Participants were adult patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy. We analyzed field notes and transcriptions of audio recordings. Open coding derived categories of usability issues, which then were grouped into themes and subthemes on usability problem types. Results: A total of 92 adult Android smartphone users were recruited online (e.g., Facebook) and in-person postings. Three major themes described problems with data input, app report display and presentation, and self-learning options. Data entry modes were problematic because of overcrowded app screens, complicated "save data" steps, and a lack of data entry confirmation. The app icons, wording, entry headings, and analysis reports were not intuitive to understand. Participants wanted self-learning options (e.g., pop-up messages) during app use. Conclusions: Patient testing of top commercially available diabetes apps revealed key usability design issues in data entry, app report, and self-help learning options. Good app training for patients is necessary for both initial use and long-term use of diabetes apps to support self-management.
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PMID:Content Analysis: First-Time Patient User Challenges with Top-Rated Commercial Diabetes Apps. 3279 44