Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0011860 (
type 2 diabetes
)
57,723
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Glibenclamide(GLI) is widely used as an oral hypoglycemic drug in the treatment of
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(
NIDDM
). We investigated The enhancing effect of switching iontophoresis on the transdermal absorption and reduction of skin irritation to develop a transdermal dosage form of GLI. The 0.1% of Gli suspensions in 0.2 M tris-HCl buffer of pH 7.4, 8.0 and 8.5 were prepared as donor solutions. We examined drug permeation through the excised rat abdominal skin, drug absorption in rats and reduction of skin irritation after application of switching iontophoresis for 1 h using DC 10 V. The solubility of GLI in 0.2 M tris-HCl buffer increased with a rise in pH. In the permeation study, GLI was permeated continuously and the cumulative amount of permeated GLI increased using an alkaline donor solution. In the drug absorption study, the application group of pH 8.5 gave higher plasma concentration levels than those of pH 7.4 and 8.0 groups. The skin irritation evoked by the application of iontophoresis was pathologically studied. A total irritation score (TIS) was estimated as a judging standard for the
skin damage
. The TIS value increased dependently with a rise in pH. However, it was considered that the skin irritations were not serious and small matters. The results demonstrate the possibility of iontophoretic transdermal administration of GLI and the effect of drug solubility in the donor solution on the absorption of GLI.
...
PMID:[Enhancing effect of switching iontophoresis on transdermal absorption of glibenclamide]. 1121 30
Human skin functions go beyond serving only as a mechanical barrier. As a complex organ, the skin is capable to cope with external stressors cutaneous by neuroendocrine systems to control homeostasis. However, constant skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes progressive damage to cellular skin constituents, mainly due excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The present study shows new approaches of metformin (MET) as an antioxidant agent. Currently, MET is the first line treatment of
type 2 diabetes
and has attracted attention, based on its broad mechanism of action. Therefore, we evaluated MET antioxidant potential in cell-free systems and in UVB irradiated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. In cell-free system assays MET did not show intrinsic scavenging activity on DPPH radicals or superoxide (O
2
-
) xanthine/luminol/xanthine oxidase-generated. Cell-based results demonstrated that MET was able to reduce UVB-induced intracellular ROS and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide (O
2
-
) production. MET posttreatment of HaCaT cells reduced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, NADPH oxidase activity, and cell death by apoptosis. These findings suggest that the protection mechanism of MET may be through the inhibition of ROS formation enzyme. These results showed that MET might be a promising antioxidant agent against UV radiation induced
skin damage
.
...
PMID:Metformin effect on driving cell survival pathway through inhibition of UVB-induced ROS formation in human keratinocytes. 3308 Feb 81
