Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011860 (type 2 diabetes)
 57,723 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNIDDM) is a rare form of IDDM with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. We determined the incidence and prevalence rates and studied the clinical and biochemical features of PNIDDM in the Sultanate of Oman. The mean incidence rate during the study period from January 1989 to December 1994 was 1.788 +/- 0.82 per 100,000 live births per year. At the end of December 1994 the prevalence rate was 2.4 per 100,000 children below the age of 5 years. They constituted 41.6% of all cases of IDDM in this age group. Diarrhoea, fever, lethargy, poor feeding and failure to thrive were the most common presenting symptoms. Dehydration and tachypnoea were the most common signs. All patients who developed IDDM during the neonatal period had intrauterine growth retardation and 4.5 presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (plasma glucose 37 +/- 9 mmol/L, pH 7.12 +/- 0.1). Hypertriglyceridemia was a constant feature (19.4 +/- 4.8 mmol/L). They were products of consanguineous marriage with significantly high prevalence of IDDM and NIDDM in their family members. None of the infants had clinical or immunological evidence of congenital viral infection. Three of the five children had HLA-DR2, the diabetes resistance alleles. C-peptide secretion was absent during and after metabolic control of hyperglycemia in all the studied infants and none had circulating islet cell antibody at presentation or during the first year after diagnosis. Despite marked growth retardation at birth, there was a significant improvement of growth after initiating insulin therapy. Four of the 5 patients had normal developmental milestones, one had mild developmental delay following a severe and prolonged attack of hypoglycemia. None of the patients had exocrine pancreatic deficiency. In summary, the very high rate of parental consanguinity, occurrence in both sexes and in two siblings in the same family, absence of islet cell antibodies and the presence of HLA-DR2 loci in 3/5 of patients suggest that PNIDDM is a different disease process to standard IDDM in childhood and an autosomal recessive mode of transmission.
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PMID:Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus: epidemiology, mode of presentation, pathogenesis and growth. 1079 84

Infectious diseases in type 2 diabetes can complicate diabetic ketoacidosis, derange hyperglycemia, or precipitate new onset diabetes. Pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common. High index of clinical suspicion is required for co-existing H1N1 virus, which if present has high mortality if not treated. A 63-year-old female, with no known chronic illness, was hospitalized in month of Aug 2010 with influenza-like symptoms and diabetes. Quick evaluation revealed tachycardia, tachypnea, p02 90% at room air, and normotensive. Clinical chest examination was normal. Further evaluation revealed NHO in both lung fields on chest X-ray, hyperglycemia 325 mg/dl, detected for first time. Her signs and symptoms were out of proportion to clinical findings and chest X-ray findings. Patient was managed with insulin infusion and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage in ICU. As her condition worsened over next 12 hrs, infection with H1N1 was suspected and empirically started on oseltamavir after taking throat swab for H1N1 test and later, the sample was tested positive for H1N1 influenza by RT-PCR. Clinical course in the hospital was complicated by oxygen dependence requiring 10-12 ltr/hr by nasal mask. She made an uneventful recovery. In a known diabetic, infection with H1N1 quadruples ICU hospitalization, and only few cases of new onset diabetes with H1N1 were reported. Two reported from Iran had fatal outcome. This case emphasis on clinical acumen in recognition, and prompt institution of therapy will reduce associated mortality.
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PMID:Precipitation of new onset diabetes by H1N1 infection. 2356 58